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Rifampicin resistant tuberculosis among patients attending General Hospital, Kagarko, Kaduna State, Nigeria

*1Bitet D. E., 2Kumurya, S. A., 3Joseph, L., and 4Bathelomow, P.

*1General Hospital, Zango Kataf, Ministry of Health and Human Services, Kaduna State, Nigeria

2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria

3Quality Control Unit, Directorate of Diagnostic Services, Ministry of Health, Gombe State 4General Hospital, Kagarko, Ministry of Health and Human Services, Kaduna State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: ezekieldogobetet@ymail.com; +2348036523901

Abstract:
Background: The National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Program (NTBLCP) in collaboration with Koninklijke Nederlandse Centrale Vereniging tot bestrijding der tuberculose (KNCV) (Dutch Tuberculosis Foundation) and National Agency for Control of AIDS (NACA) installed and equipped many health centres in Kaduna State, Nigeria with modern diagnostic tools (GeneXpert) to offer molecular services for the rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and rifampin resistance.

Methodology: This study analyzed routine samples from patients attending General Hospital Kagarko, from September 2016 to March 2019 with total samples of 1056 from 1056 patients. The GeneXpert machine was used for the rapid detection of M. tuberculosis and rifampin resistance (RIF) from all the sputum samples received in the clinical laboratory department of the hospital.

Results: A total of 182 (17.2%) samples tested positive for M. tuberculosis out of which 5 (2.7%) were resistant to rifampicin. Males were more frequently affected with a prevalence of 23% than females with a rate of 10.7% (X2=27.801, p=0.0001). RIF was detected in 3 male and 2 female patients (p=1.000). The prevalence of MTB was highest in the age group 36-45 years (23%) and age group 26-35 years (20.3%) and lowest in age group 5-15 years with 10.9% (t=0.599, p=0.55).

Conclusion: There is need for the GeneXpert technology to be replicated in other health centers across the state and the country at large to reduce the burden of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Nigeria.

Keywords: RIF resistance, MDR-TB, GeneXpert, Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Received November 14, 2019; Revised April 21, 2020; Accepted April 23, 2020

Copyright 2020 AJCEM Open Access. This article is licensed and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrition 4.0 International License <a rel=”license” href=”//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/”, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.

Tuberculose résistante à la rifampicine chez les patients de l’hôpital général de Kagarko, État de Kaduna, Nigéria

*1Bitet D. E., 2Kumurya, S. A., 3Joseph, L., et 4Bathelomow, P. Continue reading “Rifampicin resistant tuberculosis among patients attending General Hospital, Kagarko, Kaduna State, Nigeria”

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The prevalence of non-tuberculous recurrent cough in-patients within Cross River State, Nigeria

M.M. Akpan, A.A. Adegoke

 

Abstract

Introduction: Nontuberculous recurrent cough is becoming rampant among hospitalized patients.

Aim: Hospitalized patients and out-patients in some hospitals in Cross River State were studied for the prevalence of nontuberculous recurrent cough in the state

Methods: This was carried out using standard procedures in Microbiology.

Results: The bacterial isolates from the sputum samples were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The patients’ age group 20 – 39 years had the highest prevalence of non – tuberculous recurrent cough (46.7%) while the least prevalence of 1.0% was among the age group ≥ 80 years. The prevalence rate of 33.7% was the highest among the social class and businessmen, while the least prevalence rate of 8.2% was found among students. Out of a total of 1466 samples studied, 93.6% was nontuberculous cases.

Conclusion: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is therefore not the predominant cause of cough in the study area as at the time of this study

Keywords: non-tuberculosis, recurrent cough, Ziehl-Neelsen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The prevalence of non-tuberculous recurrent cough in-patients within Cross River State, Nigeria

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Molecular identification and prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex amongst people living with HIV in Osun state, Nigeria

O Alli, D.O Ogbolu, M.A Salawu, J.G Oyedeji, L Oladokun, F Obaseki

 

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has created a special niche for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in humans as a result of the defect/reduction in cell mediated immunity. M. tuberculosis still responsible for most cases of death due to infectious diseases after HIV. In this study, prevalence of M. tuberculosis was determined in people living with HIV in Osun state of Nigeria with identification of culture positive isolates by polymerase chain reaction. A total of 160 samples were collected from people living with HIV with mean age of 36.8 years old of age (Median -34; age range 16 – 68; 95% confidence interval – 2.49) after seeking ethical approval from the Ministry of Health, Osun State. The result of the microscopy by ZN stain showed that 40 (25%) of the 160 samples were positive for acid fast bacilli while culture on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium revealed that 30 (18.75%) of the samples processed, grew organism that conformed to the characteristics of M. tuberculosis complex. Polymerase chain reaction for IS6110 was used to confirm the identity of the colonies on LJ slope as M. tuberculosis complex while the PCR for 260 bp of Rv1255c was used in identifying M. tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis represented 92% of the M. tuberculosis complex. The prevalence of M. tuberculosis among people living with HIV was found to be 15% after PCR identification. The effects of socio-demographic factors on the prevalence of TB were analysed. Occupation was found to be associated with the proportional distribution of TB in people living with HIV (X2 = 14.85; p < 0.05). The study concluded that PCR should be integrated into the schema for identification of tuberculosis in reference laboratories in developing countries.

Key words: Molecular identification, Polymerase chain reaction, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Prevalence, HIV, Nigeria

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Molecular identification and prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex amongst people living with HIV in Osun state, Nigeria.