Category: 2003

In order determine the profile of potentially pathogenic enteric parasites and bacterial agents inmunicipal refuse dumps in Ibadan, 5 major market places in the city were randomly selected by balloting method. Refuse sludge were examined parasitologically and bacteriological using the method described. The data analysis was done and test of significance carried out by using the chi square test where applicable.
Cases of multiple parasites and bacterial agents were commonly encountered in the sludge refuse samples. The commonly found parasitic agents were of both human and veterinary importance. These included Ascaris lumbricoides (9.3 epg), Entamoeba histolytica (8,07 cyst per gram); Hookworm/strongyle (6.27 epg) and Ascaris suum (1.07 epg). Others are Ascaris vitolorum (1.09 epg) Stongyloides papillosu (0.52 larvae/g) Schistosoma suis (0.31 epg) and Dicrocoelium dendriticum whilst the most commonly found bacterial agents were Klebsiella species, Escherichia coli, Proteus specie, streptococci and other gram-positive organisms. Climatic conditions affected the distribution of both parasites and bacterial agents in the sludge (P<0.001). more intestinal parasites (53.4%) and bacterial agents (27.2%) were encountered at mean air temperature 26.1 0.60C, mean relative humidity of 72 3.5%. The degree of contamination by market location varies significantly (P<0.001) A high degree of contamination of solid waste dumpsites with bacterial and bacterial and parasitic agents was observed in the present study. As a result of the public importance of the organisms isolated it is opined that well planned waste management and health education programs will go a long way to reduce the potential epidemic risks posed by such sites in Ibadan, Nigeria. it is believed that economic advantage could be taken of the mountainous solid waste dump by establishing fertilizer-processing plant to produce fertilizer for farmers and provide job opportunity for youths in the area.

(Af. J. of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology: 2003 4(1): 31-43)

Download PDF below

Profile of potentially pathogenic intestinal parasites and bacterial agents in solid wastes in Ibadan municipality

There cases of cutaneous myiasis by Cordylobia anthropophaga and a case of intestinal pseudo-myiasis involving Eristalis specie are reported in patients from Oyedeji, Apatere and Dagbolu all in Lagelu Local Government area of Oyo State, Nigeria. All cases involved children except the one of multiple cutaneous type which was observed in an adolescent female patient.

Patients’ conditions gradually improved after recovery of the larvae from them. This report constitutes the first recorded autaneous and intestinal myiases in this rural area, albeit many such cases in the past have gone unrecorded.

(Af. J. of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology: 2003 4(1): 44-47)

Download PDF below

Cutaneous and intestinal myiases in Lagelu L.G.A of Oyo State.

The pattern of antibiotic sensitivity of 229 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated between June 1998 and May 2000 at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu was studied. The isolates were recovered from various clinical specimens by culturing on standard media viz: blood agar, macConkey agar and Cled agar and identified by routine procedures. Antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed by the disc diffusion technique employing multidisc (habdisc) and using sensitivity test agar incubated at 370C for 24 hours. The results were read and interpreted according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Majority of the isolates tested were susceptible to Ceftazidime (88.5%), Colistin (83.75%), Ciprofloxacine (62.1%) and Ofloxacin (62.5%). Non-urinary isolates were more sensitive than the urinary isolates to of floxacine, Gentamycin, Streptomycin, Ceftriaxine and Cephtazidime. Similar incidence of resistance was observed between the two groups to other antibiotics. Efforts must be made to improve infection control practises, improve antimicroial utilization practices and establish an antibiotic policy for the country.

(Af. J. of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology: 2003 4(1): 48-51)

Download PDF below

Antibiotic sensitivity of isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Enugu Nigeria

A prospective surveillance of Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was carried out at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, over a one year period. This study highlights the continuos importance of MRSA in causing both hospital and to a less extent community acquired infections. Out of the 180 consecutive isolates of S. aureus tested, 758 (43%) were found to be methicillin resistant, 81% (63 isolates) of the MRSA were from hospital in-patients while 19% (15 isolates) were from out-patients. The highest rate of methicillin resistance (81%) was found in surgical wound infections while the special care baby unity (SCBU) service recorded 4%. 85% of the MRSA were sensitive to Ofloxacilin while 46% were sensitive to peflacine. Most MRSA isolates were multiply resistant to Augumentin, centriaxone and ceftazidime, thus confirming the nosocomial nature of the isolates. Vancomycin and teicoplanin are not locally available and so ofloxacillin is the drug of choice. This study has demonstrated a high prevalence of MRSA in our hospital, which definitely plays a significant role in hospital acquired inflections. In conclusion, the relatively high prevalence of MRSA in this study has shown that there is a “limited” level of infection control activity in our hospital.

(Af. J. of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology: 2003 4(1): 52-55)

Download PDF below

Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at Jos University Teaching Hospital

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most often missed diagnosis in children in the tropics. This is because of the varied and similar presentation of UTI to other common illnesses. A total of 154 patients with various presumptive clinical diagnosis at admission were screened for the presence of UTI. Only 33 (21.4%) patients had proven UTI. Majority of these patients (20 or 60.6%) were aged < 5 years. The findings of UTI was more amongst patients with presumptive clinical diagnosis of bacteria infections (like sepsis, typhoid septicaemia, bronchopneumonia etc.), and severe malaria. The commonest organisms isolated were Escherichia coli 12(36,4%) and Klebsiella 12(36.4%). There was increased sensitivity of these organisms to both ceftazidime and the quinolones. It is concluded that there should be high index of suspicion of UTI in patients with bacteria infection (Localised or generalized) and severe malaria particularly those with black water fever.

(Af. J. of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology: 2003 4(1): 56-62)

Download PDF below

Screening of febrile children on Hospital admission for urinary tract infections (UTI)

With the aim of studying the pattern of urinary tract infection in patients with indwelling urinary catheter in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, a total of 164 patients were recruited. A questionnaire was administered to each pateint to provide information on demographic data, clinical diagnosis, and symptoms and signs suggestive of urinary tract infection. Catheter specimen urine from each of the patients was cultured to identify the agents of infection. Antimicrobial sensitvies of the isolates were done. It was found that 54. 8% of the patients were above 50 years of age, with a male to female ratio of 2: 1. Benign prostatic hyperplasia was the most common indication for catheterization.83. 5% and 16.5% had Intra-urethral and supra pubilc cathrterization respectively. 69. 5% of these patients had urinary tract infection with 90. 40%. 9.6% and 0.9% harbouring 1.2 and 3 organisms respectively. Intake of antibotics did not influence the incidence of urinary tract infection. The common agents of infection were klebsiella spp; Pseudomonas spp. Escherichia coli, Proteus spp. Staphylococcus aureus and candial albicans in order frequency. The bacterial agents of infection were resistant to ampicillin, cotrimoxazol and nitrofuradantion commonly used for the patient with urological problem. Ceftazidime, ceftrazone, pefloxacin and ofloxacin showed good sensitivity against the bacteria. These finding should be useful for those who manage patient with indwelling urinary catheter.

(Af. J. of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology: 2003 4(1): 63-71)

Download PDF below

Nosocomial infections urinary tract infection in patients with indwelling urinary catheter

Objective: The objective is to evaluate roles of urinary creatinine and serum albumin as biochemical markers for monitoring the nutritional status of pulmonary tuerculosis patients during treatment. Design: This was a longitudinal study. Each patient was studied for six months. Settings: This study was carried out at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. Subjects: Forty-five newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were used for the study. Intervention (Method): Forty-five newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients were placed on six months short course regimen. Their weight, Body mass index, serum albumin and 24-hour urinary creatinine were determined before treatment, at the end of the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 6th month of treatment. Using ANOVA, the mean values of the weight, BIM and serum albumin were analysed with further analysis paired student T- test of the pre-treatment values with end of 6th month values. Main outcome measured: Their weight, body mass index, serum Albumin and 24-hour urinary creatinine were determined. Results: Thirty-one patients with mean age of 36.8 years completed the study. The pretreatment mean weight, body mass index, serum albumin were 49.53kg, 17.72kg/m2 and 26.7g/L respectively. The corresponding values at the end of the sixth month of treatment were 57.03kg. 20.4kgm2 and 39.97g/L. These three variables showed significant upward improvements. Conclusion: Both the body mass index and serum Albumin pretreatment values showed that the patients were malnourished at presentation. Serum albumin being more sensitive and more reliable than both weight and body mass index as revealed by this recommended as index for nutritional assessment in patient with tuberculosis.

(Af. J. of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology: 2003 4(1): 72-77)

Download PDF below

The relative role of serum albumin and urinary creatinine as biochemical indices for Nigerians with pulmonary tuberculosis