Category: Volume 4.2

A prospective study of the bacteriology of 120 patients with chronic sinusitis and 55 control subjects seen between January 1995 and December 1998 in the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Diseases Clinic of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria was made. Whereas all cultures from the control group yielded only Staphylococcus (63.6% Coagulase positive and 36.4% Coagulase negative), cultures of patients with chronic sinusitis yielded Staphylococcus aureus (48.1%), Escherichia coli (20.4%), Klebsiella spp. (20.4%), Streptococci (7.4%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (3.7%). The isolates were 100% sensitive to Ofloxacin, while penicillin was the least effective antimicrobial agent across board. It was concluded that because of the difficulty in differentiating pathogenic organisms from commensals, the result of nasal swabs should be interpreted with caution. However, non-otolaryngologists involved in the management of the vast majority of patients with chronic sinusitis should request a carefully obtained posterior nasal mucosal swab.

(Af J Clinical & Exp Microbiology: 2003 4(2): 91-97)

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BACTERIOLOGY OF CHRONIC SINUSITIS IN ILORIN NIGERIA

Hepatitis B infection remains a public health problem word-wide because of its high endemicity in most countries of the world and the presence of the virus in many body fluids/secretions, which is responsible for several alterative modes of transmissions. Also, the fact that most of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections occur in infancy or early childhood where over 70% of the infections is asymptomatic and nearly over half of the primary infection results in chronic infection/ carrier, is another reason. Most of the HBV related chronic liver diseases are associated with the chronic infection, which manifestations occur in adulthood. This article examined the various measures that can be used in the control of the disease taking into consideration the epidemiological factors responsible for the occurrence and distribution of the disease.

(Af J Clinical & Exp Microbiology: 2003 4(2): 98-106)

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CONTROL OF HEPATITIS B INFECTION

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis among the sexual partners of women with Trichomoniasis. While 103 female patients were found to have T. vaginalis using both direct wet mount microscopy and culture, only 44(42.7%) male contacts reported for screening. Trichomonas vaginalis was isolated from 20(45.5%) of the 44 male contact investigated, whilst there was no laboratory evidence of the agent in 13(29.6%) of the study group. Amongst the 60 control subjects, T. vaginalis was recovered from 7(11.7%) of them. The difference in the occurrence of T. vaginalis between the patients and the control group was highly statistically significant (p<0.001). This implies that in most cases, infestation with T. vaginalis in the male is silent and might represent a carrier state. Eight (40%) of the 20 men with Trichomonas vaginalis and 43.2% of the 44 men investigated were between 20 and 29 years and this parallels that of other sexually transmitted diseases. While only 6(30%) of the men with T.vaginalis were diagnosed by direct wet mount preparation, all the 20 (100%) positive cases were diagnosed by culture. This however, indicated the general superiority of culture over fresh smears but it is desirable to use both methods in the diagnosis of Trichomoniasis since they complement each other.

Key Words: Trichomonas vaginalis, Prevalence, Sexual Partners, Trichomoniasis, Ibadan.

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PREVALENCE OF TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS AMONGST COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS (CSWs)

Specimens of High Vaginal Swabs (HVS) of 135 pregnant women were examined to determine the cause of vaginitis in pregnant women in lseyin, Oyo State, Nigeria between August and October 1999.  Study subjects were selected from patient attending selected antenatal clinics in public, private and mission hospitals/clinics in lseyin. Samples were collected from subject in lithotomy position using sterile cuscos bivalve speculum. Samples were analysed by using standard technique as described. A structured questionnaire was also administered in order to obtain vital epidemiological information necessary for the study as described. The data analysis was done using chi square test. Results shows that 45 (33.3%) were positive for Candida spp, 15 (11.1%) for Gardnerella vaginalis and 5 (3.7%) for Trichomonas vaginalis. Sexual activities of individual have no significant effect on prevalence of vaginitis while symptomatology was a major indicator of infection. The effect of educational attainment and religion on infection rate was discussed. Infection decreased with age of patients while infection distribution by age of pregnancy gave a confusing pattern and the factors responsible for this were discussed. Since vaginitis could be asymptomatic most time, the screening of all pregnant women with risk factors for preterm labour and premature rupture of membranes must be undertaken. Prompt treatment of cases is also recommended.

Key Words: Pregnant women, vaginitis, aetiologic agents, prevalence, Iseyin.

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BACTERIOLOGICAL AND PARASITOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF VAGINITIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN ISEYIN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA