Posted on

Plasmid profile and antimicrobial resistance ratings of enterococci isolates from pigs and poultry birds in Abia state, Nigeria

N Amaechi

 

Abstract

Our aim was to isolate and investigate the resistance ratings of enterococci poultry and pig isolates to various antimicrobial agents as well as to determine their plasmid profiles. Antimicrobial resistance ratings and the plasmid profiles of Enterococci isolated from poultry birds and pigs were analyzed. Three hundred and thirty enterococci isolates from poultry birds and pigs were obtained from the three zones in Abia State. Antimicrobial resistance ratings, transformation, curing and plasmid extraction for enterococci were done. The result showed that in both animal species multi-resistance to antimicrobials occurred in more than 40% of enterococci isolates. The enterococci isolates were resistant to floxapen (90%), ceprofloxacin (70%) and norfloxacin (80%). It also showed that the organisms were sensitive to lincocin (100%), chloramphenicol (85%) and gentamicin (75%). There were significant differences (P<0.05) in some reactions of some Enterococcus isolates to certain antimicrobial agents especially to chloramphenicol, rifampicin and gentamicin. Some isolates that was sensitive to gentamicin, rifampicin and chloramphenicol during pre-curing were resistant after curing though not significant (P>0.05). There was significant difference (P<0.05) among the isolates during pre-transformation and post-transformation process. Plasmid profile analysis of Enterococcus spp. revealed plasmid DNA bands ranging in size from 800 to 2000bp which appeared as bright bands. Large plasmid were lost during cell storage, some were plasmid less. No correlation could be made between plasmid patterns and antimicrobial resistance. The studies show good prospects for further research in the same area to explore and assign definite cause for antimicrobial resistance and multi-drug resistance.

Keywords: Enterococcus spp., plasmid, poultry birds, pigs, antimicrobial resistance.

French Abstract

Notre but était d’isoler et d’examiner les évaluations des isolats entérocoque des volailles et des porcs aux plusieurs agents antimicrobiens aussi bien que déterminer leurs profils plasmidique. Les évaluations de la résistance aux microbiens et les profils plasmidiques d’Entérocoque isolé des volailles et des porcs ont été analysés. Trois cent trente entérocoque isolats des volailles et des porcs ont été obtenus de trois zones différentes a l’État d’Abia. Les évaluations de la résistance aux antimicrobiens, la transformation durcissement et plasmide extraction pour entérocoques ont été faits. Le résultat a montré que dans les deux espèces animales, multirésistance aux antimicrobiens se produit dans plus de 40% des isolats d’entérocoques. Les isolats d’entérocoques étaient résistants a floxapen(90%), également Ceprofloxacin (70%), et norfloxacin(80%). Il a aussi montre que les organismes étaient sensibles a Lincocin(100%), Chloramphenicol(85%) et la gentamicine(75%). Il y avait des différences
significatives (P<0,05) dans certaines réactions des isolats d’enterolocoques aux certains agents antimicrobiens en particulier a
chloramphénicol, a rifampicine et gentamicine. Certains isolats qui étaient sensibles a la gentamicine, a rifampicine et chloramphénicol pendant pré- durcissement étaient résistants après le durcissement bien qu’insignifiant (P>0,05). Il y avait une différence significative (P<0,05) parmi les isolats lors de la pré- transformation et post-transformation. L’analyse du profil plasmidique d‘Enterococcus spp. a révélé les bandes d’ADN plasmidique allant de la taille de 800 a 2. 000 bp qui semblait bandes brillantes. Les grands ont été perdus lors de stockage de cellules,, certains étaient moins plasmide. Pas de corrélation entre schémas de plasmides et la résistance aux antimicrobiens. Les recherches montrent de bonnes perspectives pour  des recherches plus approfondies dans la même domaine d’explorer et d’attribuer la cause précise pour la résistance. Aux antimicrobiens et la multirésistance.

Mots- clés: Enterococcus spp., Plasmide, Volailles, Porcs, la résistance aux antimicrobiens.

Download full journal in PDF below

Plasmid profile and antimicrobial resistance ratings of enterococci isolates from pigs and poultry birds in Abia state, Nigeria

Posted on

In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Umuahia, Abia state, Nigeria

EO Ekundayo, RN Ndubuisi

 

Abstract

The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcusaureus in Umuahia was investigated in this study.A total of 113 strains of S. aureusconsisting of 30 isolates from clinical specimens obtained from 10 medical Laboratories and 83 isolates from nasal swabs of University students in Umuahia, were tested against 10 antimicrobial agents using the disc agar diffusion method. Resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin and tetracycline was 100% among strains isolated from clinical specimens. The clinical isolates also exhibited high rates of resistance to chloramphenicol (97%) and erythromycin (97%). Seven (23%) of these isolates were sensitive to Gentamicin and 6 (20%) to Streptomycin. Likewise, all the 83(100%) and 82 (98.8%)were resistant to penicillin and cloxacillin, respectively.Isolates from nasal passages appeared to be less resistant to chloramphenicol (54.2%), gentamicin (43.4), streptomycin (31.3%) and tetracycline (51.8%). Ampicillin did not produce any zone of inhibition against 29 (96.7%) isolates from clinical specimens and only slightly inhibited one with zone of inhibition of 8mm. Nineteen of the isolates manifested low to high level of resistance to chloramphenicol with mean zone of inhibition ranging from 15. 8± 0.7 mm to 9.8± 2.0 mm. All the isolates were completely resistant to penicillin and cloxacillin with no zone of inhibition at all. In the case of gentamicin, 5 (16.7%) had intermediate susceptibility (mean zone of inhibition 14±0 mm), 12(40%) had mean inhibition zone of 9.6±2.9 mm and 6(20%) were not inhibited. This study shows that S. aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens and healthy students in Umuahia are highly resistant to common antibiotics. This may not be unconnected with indiscriminate use of antibiotics and calls for more control and rational use of antibiotics to minimize the rate of development of resistance to other antibiotics.

Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, antimicrobial resistance, disc agar diffusion, antibiotic susceptibility

French Abstract

Le profil de sensibilité antimicrobienne de Staphylococcus aureus à Umuahia a été recherché dans cette étude. Au total, 113 souches de S. aureus composé de 30 souches provenant d’échantillons cliniques obtenus à partir de 10 laboratoires médicaux et 83 souches d’écouvillons nasaux des étudiants universitaires à Umuahia, ont été testées contre 10 agents antimicrobiens par la méthode de diffusion disque sur gélose. La résistance à la pénicilline, l’ampicilline, la cloxacilline et la tétracycline a été de 100% chez les souches isolées d’échantillons cliniques. Les souches cliniques ont également présenté des taux élevés de résistance au chloramphénicol (97%) et à l’érythromycine (97%). Sept (23%) de ces souches étaient sensibles à la gentamicine et 6 (20%) à la streptomycine. De même, tous les 83 (100%) et 82 (98,8%) étaient résistants respectivement à la pénicilline et à la cloxacilline. Les souches de voies nasales semblaient être moins résistantes au chloramphénicol (54,2%), à la gentamicine (43,4), à la streptomycine (31,3%) et à la tétracycline (51,8%). L’ampicilline n’a produit aucune zone d’inhibition contre 29 (96,7%) souches provenant d’échantillons cliniques et seulement légèrement inhibées avec une zone d’inhibition de 8mm. Dix-neuf souches ont manifesté un faible niveau élevé de résistance au chloramphénicol avec une zone d’inhibition moyenne allant de 15. 8 ± 0,7 mm à 9.8± 2,0mm. Toutes les souches étaient complètement résistantes à la pénicilline et à la cloxacilline sans zone d’inhibition. Dans le cas de la gentamicine, 5 (16,7%) souches avaient une sensibilité intermédiaire (zone d’inhibition moyenne de 14 ± 0 mm), 12 (40%) souches ont eu une zone d’inhibition moyenne de 9,6 ± 2,9 mm et 6 (20%) souches ne ont pas été inhibées. Cette étude montre que les souches de S. aureus isolées  à partir d’échantillons cliniques et des étudiants en bonne santé à Umuahia sont très résistantes aux antibiotiques courants. Cela peut ne pas être en rapport avec l’utilisation sans discernement des antibiotiques et des appels pour plus de contrôle et d’utilisation rationnelle des antibiotiques afin de minimiser le taux de développement d’une résistance à d’autres antibiotiques.

Mots clés: Staphylococcus aureus, résistance aux antimicrobiens, disque de diffusion sur gélose, sensibilité aux

Download full journal in PDF below

In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Umuahia, Abia state, Nigeria

Posted on

Antifungal susceptibility profiles and risk factors of vaginal candidiasis amongst female university students in southwest region, Cameroon

L Ane-Anyangwe, HD Meriki, SP Silum, FR Nsongomanyi, D Zofou

 

Abstract

Vaginal candidiasis (VC) is second to bacterial vaginitis, as the most common opportunistic mucosal infection that affects large numbers of otherwise healthy women of childbearing age. The incidence of VC is significantly modified by dressing patterns and aberrant health-care practices. Contemporary young women often shift their preference from skirt to trousers and leggingswhich also coincides with a rise in auto-medication and over-the-counter drugs phenomena in our communities. These could result in increased occurrence of vaginal candidiasis infection and antifungal drug resistance. This was a cross-sectional study conducted between March 2011 and August 2011 among150 female students(aged 17-29 years) of the University of Buea. Socio-demographics information, risk factors and clinical symptoms were gotten through a standard questionnaire. Vaginal swabs were collected from each participant and cultured on Sabouraud’sdextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol (SDA-CAF). Identification and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed following standard microbiological procedures. Of the 150 participants who submitted vaginal swabs, yeasts was isolated in 98 (65.3%). Of the 98 yeasts isolates, 73.5% were Candida species, mainly C. albicans (65.3%). Overhalf (64.7%) ofstudyparticipantshadapreferencefortrousers,however, this attitude was not significantly associated (p = 0.559) with candidiasis.Previous episodes of vaginal infection and treatment for candidiasis were significantly associated with VC (p = 0.004). Antifungal susceptibility results showed a high resistance to fluconazole (82.0%), nystatin (80.0%) and ketoconazole (72.0%), while clotrimazole (50.0%) was the most activeantifungal drug. There was a high prevalence of VC in this study population with previous vaginal infectionbeing important risk factor for reoccurrence. Clotrimazole was the drug of choice in the treatment of VC in this population.

Key words: vaginal candidiasis, risk factors, antifungal susceptibility profiles

French Abstract

La candidose vaginale (CV) est la deuxième infection opportuniste de la muqueuse la plus fréquente (après la vaginite bactérienne) qui affecte un grand nombre de femmes en âge de procréer. L’incidence de la CV est affectée de façon significative par certaines habitudes vestimentaires et pratiques de soins de santé « aberrante »s. Chez les jeunes femmes contemporaines, les pantalons et leggings sont de plus en plus préférés aux jupes, ce qui coïncide aussi avec une augmentation du phénomène d’automédication dans nos communautés. Ces deux facteurs pourraient entraîner une augmentation de la prévalence de l’infection à Candida vaginale et la résistance aux antifongiques. La présente étude transversale a été menée entre Mars et Août 2011 portait sur 150 étudiantes âgées de 17 à 29 ans, à l’Université de Buea (Cameroun). Elle avait pour objectifs majeurs d’évaluer les profils de sensibilité aux antifongiques ainsi que les facteurs de risque de candidose vaginale chez les étudiantes universitaires. Les données sociodémographiques, informations sur les facteurs de risque et les symptômes cliniques ont été explores à l’aide d’un questionnaire semi-structuré. Des spécimens vaginaux ont été prélevés dans chaque participante et soumis à une culture sur le dextrose gélose de Sabouraud supplémenté par le chloramphénicol (SDA-CAF). Les tests d’identification et de sensibilité antifongique ont été réalisés suivant des procédures microbiologiques standard. Parmi les 150 participants qui ont soumis des prélèvements vaginaux, des levures ont été isolées de 98 personnes (65,3%). Sur les 98 levures isolées, 73,5% étaient des espèces de Candida, principalement C. albicans(65,3%). Plus de la moitié des participants (64.7%) ont exprimé des préférences pour les pantalons et autres styles vestimentaires émergents. Cependant, de telles attitudes n’ont pas paru statistiquement associées à l’occurrence des candidoses au sein de la population ciblée (p = 0.559). Des précédents épisodes d’infection vaginale et le traitement de la candidose reportés par les participantes étaient significativement associés à CV (p = 0,004). Les résultats de sensibilité antifongiques ont montré une grande résistance au Fluconazole (82,0%), Nystatine (80,0%) et Kétoconazole (72,0%), tandis que le Clotrimazole (50,0%) était le médicament antifongique le plus actif. Il y avait une forte prévalence de CV dans cette population d’étude avec infection vaginale précédente étant facteur de risque important pour la répétition. Le Clotrimazole s’est avéré comme étant le médicament de choix dans le traitement des CV dans cette population, malgré la forte résistance.

Mots clés: Candidose Vaginale, facteurs de risque, les profils de sensibilité aux antifongiques

Download full journal in PDF below

Antifungal susceptibility profiles and risk factors of vaginal candidiasis amongst female university students in southwest region, Cameroon

Posted on

Efficacy of household cleaning agents against some selected pathogenic bacteria

EO Igbinosa, MA Ibhazukor, OA Eribo, AG Ogofure

 

Abstract

The emergence and spread of microorganisms with reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial agents is a major public health problem. This study evaluated the antibacterial effect of household cleaning agents on selected bacterial isolates. Standard culture-based procedure was used to determine the efficacy of disinfectants on selected bacteria isolates. The activity assessed was against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ariel was found to have more bactericidal effect on Streptococcus pyogenes being sensitive and Staphylococcus aureus. Dettol exhibited antibacterial effect against all tested isolates with zones of inhibition for Streptococcus pyogenes (24±0.12mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (9±0.01mm). Harpic revealed antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other tested isolates with average zones of inhibition of 20±0.20mm. Jik was active against Klebsiella pneumoniaand Escherichia coli while Omo showed good inhibitory effect against all tested isolates except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Based on the present study, the levels of decreased susceptibility to household cleaning agents seem to be increasing, regardless of whether these products used in the home or not. The eventual clinical implications of this decreased susceptibility need continue surveillance.

Key words: Antibacteria, Commensal flora, Disease, Disinfectant, Hygiene, Public health

French Abstract

L’émergence et la propagation des micro-organismes d’une sensibilité réduite aux agents antimicrobiens est un problème majeur a la santé publique. Cette recherche a évalué l’effet antibactérien des agents d’entretien ménager sur isolats bactériens sélectionnés. Procédure fondée de culture Standard a été employé pour déterminer l’efficacité des désinfectants sur des isolats bactériens sélectionnés. L’activité évaluée était contre Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli et Pseudomonas aeruginosa. L’Ariel a été trouvé d’avoir plus effet bactéricide sur Streptococcus pyogenes étant sensible et Staphylococcus aureus. Le dettol a exposé l’effet antibactérien contre tous les isolats testés avec des zones d’inhibition pour Streptococcus pyogenes (24±0,12mm) et Staphylococcus aureus(9±0,01mm). Harpic a révélé l’activité antibactérienne contre Pseudomonas aeruginosa et les autres isolats testés avec des zones moyennes d’inhibition de 20±0,20mm. Jik a été actif contre Klebsiella pneumonia et Escherichia coli tandis que l’Omo a montré un bon effet inhibiteur contre tous les isolats testés sauf Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fondée sur la recherche de ce moment, les niveaux de la diminution de la sensibilité aux agents d’entretien ménager paraissent être de plus en plus indépendamment du fait que ces produits sont utilisés à la maison. Finalement, les implications cliniques finales de cette diminution de la sensibilité ont besoin d’une surveillance continuelle.

Mots – clés: Antibactérien, Flore commensal, Maladie, Désinfectants Hygiène, Santé publique.

Download full journal in PDF below

Efficacy of household cleaning agents against some selected pathogenic bacteria

Posted on

A comparative assessment of public and private dots laboratories in the Lagos state TB control programme

OA Adejumo, T Femi-Adebayo, OJ Daniel, EN Adejumo, H Abdur-Razzaq, OO Odusanya

 

Abstract

Background: The purpose of the laboratory services within the framework of the NTP is to provide bacteriologic evidence for the diagnosis, follow-up of TB patients and to document cure at the end of treatment. However to be fully functional, laboratory commodities should be available as needed. This study compared the laboratory hygiene practices and availability of laboratory equipment and other consumables for making diagnosis of TB in public and private DOTS laboratories in Lagos State.
Methods: A descriptive comparative cross sectional study comparing availability of commodities in public and private laboratories involved in TB services in Lagos State.
Results: Seventeen DOTS laboratories and 34 laboratory scientist/technician were recruited for this study. About three quarter and two thirds of the public and private DOTS laboratories respectively had reagents for smear microscopy. A significantly higher proportion of the public DOTS laboratories had separate area for TB work and separate table for smear preparation (p <0.05). A higher proportion (71.4%) of the laboratory scientist/ technicians at the public compared with 38.5% of those at the private DOTS laboratories had good knowledge of the laboratory diagnosis of TB.
Conclusion: Laboratories involved in TB service are not functioning optimally and need to be strengthened.

Key Words: Laboratory, DOTS, Consumables, Hygiene.

French Abstract

Contexte : L’objet des services des laboratoires dans le cadre du NTP est de fournir les preuves bactériologiques pour le diagnostic, de suivre les patients tuberculeux et de documenter la guérison a la fin du traitement. Toutefois, pour être pleinement fonctionnel, les produits de laboratoire devraient être disponibles au besoin. Cette recherche comparait les pratiques hygiènes de laboratoire et la disponibilité des équipements de laboratoire et autres consommables pour faire le diagnostic de la tuberculose aux laboratoires de DOTS publics et prives dans l’État de Lagos.
Méthodes : Une étude transversale comparative et transversale descriptive comparant la disponibilité des produits aux laboratoires publics et prives  concernes a fournir aux services tuberculeux dans l’état de Lagos.
Résultats : Dix – sept laboratoires de DOTS et 34 scientifiques/techniciens ont été recrutés pour cette recherche. Environ trois quarts et deux tiers des laboratoires de DOT publics et prives ont eu réactif respectivement pour la microscopie des frottis. Une proportion significativement plus élevée des laboratoires de DOTS publics a eu un espace séparé pour les travaux de la tuberculose et une table séparée pour la préparation des frottis (p<0,05). Une proportion élevée(71,4%) des scientifiques/techniciens des laboratoires publics comparativement a 38,5% de ceux des laboratoires de DOTS prives avaient une bonne connaissance de diagnostic laboratoire de la tuberculose.
Conclusion : Les laboratoires qui ont concerné a fournir les services tuberculeux ne fonctionnent pas de la façon optimale et doivent être renforcés.

Mots– clés : Laboratoire, DOTS, consommables, Hygiène.

Download full journal in PDF below

A comparative assessment of public and private dots laboratories in the Lagos state TB control programme

Posted on

Nosocomial Urinary Infections at the Urogoly Unit of the National University Hospital (Yalgado Ouedraogo), Ouagadougou: Feb.-Sept. 2012

I Sanou, A Kabore, E Tapsoba, I Bicaba, A Ba, B Zango

 

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors and the microorganisms susceptibilities of nosocomial urinary infections at the urology unit of the national university hospital of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso.
Method: From February to September 2012, two bacteriological analyzes have been performed for any of the 75 inpatients in the urology unit of the national university hospital of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso.
Results: During the study period, 43 cases of nosocomial urinary infection were identified (57.3%) and we found no statistically significant associated risk factors with age groups, sex, arterial blood pressure, kidney illness and urinary obstructive pathologies.
The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (30.9%),  Klebsiella spp (26.9%) and Staphylococcus spp (15.4%). The yeasts strains were very sensitive to antifungal but the bacteria susceptibility rate to antibiotics was very variable. Thus, the cocci were rather sensitive to  association clavulanic acid + amoxicilline and ceftriaxone and enough
sensitive to gentamicine ; the bacilli were enough sensitive to gentamicin and very sensitive to imipenem.
Conclusion: From the antibiogram results, we recommend gentamicin in combination with penicillin or metronidazole as the first antibiotics to be used in the treatment of nosocomial urinary tract infections.

Keywords: urinary infection, nosocomial infection, bacteria, antibiotics

Download full journal in PDF below

Nosocomial Urinary Infections at the Urogoly Unit of the National University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo Ouagadougou Feb Sept 2012

Posted on

Urinary Tract Infections amongst Pregnant Women Attending A Medical Centre IN Kaduna, Nigeria

M Muhammed

 

Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) constitutes a major health problem in pregnant women due to their relatively short urethra, which promotes the ascending of the pathogens to the bladder, urethra and the kidneys. It is also more common in pregnant women due to the anatomical and physiological changes that occur during pregnancy.
Aim: To determine the incidence of Urinary Tract Infections and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the microbial isolates from the urine samples of pregnant women prior to treatment.
Methods: Fifty (50) mid stream urine (MSU) samples were collected and analyzed using standard Microbiological Techniques, and the antimicrobial sensitivity tests determined using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion techniques.
Results: Of the 50 urine samples obtained from pregnant women, 3 different microbes were isolated indicating 28%. Staphylococcus aureus18%, Escherichia coli 8%, Candida albicans 4%; and a 2% co-infection of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureusand Escherichia coli were highly sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin (Cilox), Paflacin and
Cephalosporine.
Conclusion: Undetected and untreated urinary tract infection in pregnancy leads to discomfort associated with abdominal pains, itching, vaginal discharge and dysuria which may lead to more serious medical  complications.

Keywords: Microbial isolates; pregnant women; anti-microbial  susceptibility; microbiological techniques; Disc diffusion.

Download full journal in PDF below

Urinary Tract Infections amongst Pregnant Women Attending A Medical Centre IN Kaduna Nigeria

Posted on

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Pathogens Isolated from Two Tertiary Hospitals in Southwestern Nigeria

NS Ochada, IA Nasiru, Y Thairu, MB Okanlowan, YO Abdulakeem

 

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most common reasons for patients to seek health assistance that is commonly  encountered in office practices. This is also a leading cause of Gram negative sepsis in hospitalized patients.
Objectives: This study was carried out in order to isolate, characterize and identify the pathogens associated with UTI in two teaching hospitals at Osun state, Nigeria and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.
Methods: This was a prospective observational study involving standard microbiological procedures for analysing urine samples of inpatient and outpatient cases of UTI. Identification of these pathogens was performed using Microbact/API identification system.
Results: Out of the 300 urine samples cultured, 88 (29.3%) yielded  significant growth of urinary pathogens while 212 (70.7%) yielded either insignificant growth or no growth of any urinary pathogen. Escherichia coli 19 (21.6%) were the commonest pathogen isolated followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 14 (15.9%), Staphylococcus aureus 12(13.6%), Candida albicans 12(13.6%), Pseudomonas aerugenosa 9 (10.2%), Klebsiella oxytoca 8 (9.1%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus 6 (6.8%), Serratia  rubidaea 3 (3.4%), Enterobacter agglomerans 2 (2.3%), Acinetobacter iwoffii 1 (1.1%), Acinetobacter baumannii 1 (1.1%), Providencia retgerri 1 (1.1%). The susceptibility of Gram negative bacteria (GNB) were mainly toward parenteral antibiotic rather than oral one, while most of the common  antibiotic showed a resistant pattern. UTI was more prevalent among  patients within hospital setting 71(80.7%) than out-patients 17(19.3%).
Conclusion: This study justifies the necessity to treat patients with UTI based on antimicrobial susceptibility test result in order to prevent   evolution of resistant pathogens. Since UTI has large impact on the socio-economy and emergence of bacterial resistance, periodic surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility is strongly recommended.

Keywords: Microbact; antimicrobial resistance; UTI and Osobgo.

Download full journal in PDF below

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Pathogens Isolated from Two Tertiary Hospitals in Southwestern Nigeria

 

Posted on

Profile of Infections in Intensive Care Unit (Icu) in a Central Nigeria Tertiary Hospital

KC Iregbu, SA Sonibare

 

Abstract

Background: Intensive Care Units (ICUs) accommodate the most seriously ill patients in a relatively confined environment. Increased duration of stay, increased number of indwelling and invasive devices and prolonged or inappropriate use of antibiotics are common features of ICUs, with consequent or associated increase in selection of multi-resistant  pathogens, morbidity and mortality.
Objectives: To determine the identity and antimicrobial resistance pattern of organisms commonly associated with infections in the ICU of the hospital.
Method: A retrospective study of Intensive Care Units (ICU) infections in NHA over a three-year period January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2012 was conducted through review and analysis of laboratory data.
Results: Data for 79 specimens were fully analysed; 35(44%) from urine, 17 (22%) from blood, 6 (8%) from tracheal specimens and 8 (10%) from wound. Forty-one (52%)of the specimens yielded growth;16 (20%) from urine, 8 (10%) from wound, 6 (8%) from tracheal specimens,3(4%) from blood and others 8(10%). 14(34%) out of the 41 isolates were Escherichia coli, 8 (20%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 6 (15%) were Staphylococcus aureus and 6 (15%) Klebsiella pneumoniae. Three (4%) of the specimens
yielded mixed growths while another 3 (4%) yielded Candida species. Sensitivity of E. coli to third generation cephalosporins ranged from 62-72%and 90% to imipenem. For Klebsiella pneumoniae it was 67-75% to third generation cephalosporins and 100% to imipenem. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 71% and 83% sensitive to ceftazidime and imipenem respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was 67% and 83% sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanate and imipenem respectively. Susceptibility of all
these isolates to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides remained poor.
Conclusion: The isolates from the ICU were same as common in clinical specimens. There was wide variability in resistance with a tendency to increase over time. This trend needs to be monitored while antibiotic stewardship should be emphasised.

Key words: Intensive care units (ICU), nosocomial Infections, antibiotic susceptibility.

Download full journal in PDF below

Profile of Infections in Intensive Care Unit (Icu) in a Central Nigeria Tertiary Hospital

Posted on

Occurrence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates in Communal Water Sources in Ogun State, Nigeria

BT Odumosu, AR Akintimehin

 

Abstract

The role of Enterobacteriaceae in dissemination and reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes in outbreaks of disease and infections are pressing public health concern. This study is aimed at investigating the antibiotic resistance patterns and ESBL production in water-borne Enterobacteriaceae recovered from some selected drinking water sources among 6 towns in
Ogun State (Nigeria). Sixty water samples were collected from boreholes and well waters sources, of these samples 68 Enterobacteriaceaeincluding Enterobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Salmonella spp, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia spp were recovered and identified presumptively using standard microbiological and biochemical methods. The susceptibilities of the isolates to nine antibiotics were carried out by disk diffusion method and determination of ESBL production was by double-disk synergy method. Of the 68 isolated strains tested, 1 (1.47%) was susceptible to all the
antibiotics, 98.5% of the isolates were resistant to . 1 antibiotics and 75% were found to be resistant to . 2 classes of antibiotics. Incidence of water-borne ESBL-producing enteric in this study was 7.14%. The increasing unabated spread of Enterobacteriaceae in public water supply harboring resistance genes portends a high risk for communal outbreaks. This necessitates an urgent precautionary and antibiotics surveillance measures in Nigeria.

Keywords: Enterobacteriaceae, antibiotic resistance, ESBL

Download full journal in PDF below

Occurrence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates in Communal Water Sources in Ogun State, Nigeria