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Resistance profiles of urinary Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to antibiotics commonly prescribed for treatment of urinary tract infections at Monkole Hospital Center, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

1,2Mukubwa, G. K., 2,3Lukusa, F. N., 4Kavulikirwa, O. K., 5,6Liesse, J. I., *2,7Tshilolo, L. M., and *1,8,9Memvanga, P. B.

1Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2Laboratory Service, Monkole Hospital Center, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

3Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa,

Democratic Republic of the Congo

4Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary medicine Catholic University of Graben,

Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo

5Laboratory of Experimental and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

6Centre Universitaire de Référence de Surveillance de la Résistance aux Antimicrobiens, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

7Health Training and Support Center, CEFA-Monkole, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

8Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Catholic University of Graben, Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo

9Pôle interuniversitaire d’Innovation pour la mise en place d’une approche verte de lutte contre la Résistance aux Antimicrobiens (PI-RAM), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo *Correspondence to: patrick.memvanga@unikin.ac.cd and leon.tshilolo2012@gmail.com

 

Abstract:

Background: The occurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria is increasing worldwide and has become a major public health concern that requires global attention. To promote better treatment outcome of UTI and raise awareness of antibiotic resistance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), we investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial pathogens frequently isolated from urine samples of inpatients and outpatients with symptoms of UTI at the Monkole Hospital Center (MHC), Kinshasa from June 2017 to May 2018.

Methodology: This was a retrospective review of results of uro-cultures of urine samples of both inpatients and outpatients who had clinical symptoms of UTI, over a period of one year at the MHC, Kinshasa, DRC. During this period, aerobic uro-cultures of urine were done on MacConkey agar (MAC) or Cystine-LactoseElectrolyte-Deficient (CLED) agar media at 37oC incubation for 24 hours. Identification of bacterial isolates on the culture media and antimicrobial susceptibility to sixteen selected antibiotics were done using the integral system enterobacteria and the Vitek® 2 automated system according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The R-studio software was used for statistical analysis. Continue reading “Resistance profiles of urinary Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to antibiotics commonly prescribed for treatment of urinary tract infections at Monkole Hospital Center, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo”

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Antimicrobial properties, safety, and probiotic attributes of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Sauerkraut

*Fadare, O. S., Anyadike, C. H., Momoh, A. O., and Bello, T. K.

Department of Biological Sciences (Microbiology Unit), Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Elizade University, Wuraola Ade Ojo Avenue, P. M. B. 002, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to olalekan.fadare@elizadeuniversity.edu.ng; +2348169001041; ORCiD: 0000-0002-1749-2238

 

Abstract:

 Background: According to the World Health Organization, probiotics have been defined as live microorganisms that when administered in the right amount provide health benefits to the host. This study aims to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Sauerkraut and determine their anti-pathogenic potential and suitability as probiotics.

Methodology: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from fermented cabbage obtained from an open market in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria by inoculating the prepared cabbage suspension on triplet plates of Rogosa agar (Lactobacillus selecting agar) and incubating in an anaerobic jar with gaspaks at 37oC for 72 hours. The LAB isolates were presumptively identified phenotypically by colony morphology, Gram stain reaction, and catalase test. The antibacterial activity of the LAB isolates was then carried out using agar overlay and agar-well diffusion methods. The most efficient LAB isolate was selected based on its strong antibacterial activity, confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing and further evaluated for probiotic activities including bile salt resistance, survival in low pH, hydrophobicity of the cell surface, auto-aggregation, and co-aggregation. The putative probiotic LAB isolate was also evaluated for its safety using in vitro tests (antibiotic susceptibility testing, haemolysis, and DNase tests) and in vivo assays (sub-acute oral toxicity tests in male albino rats). Continue reading “Antimicrobial properties, safety, and probiotic attributes of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Sauerkraut”

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Bacterial contaminants of Date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) sold in Kaduna, Nigeria, and their susceptibility to antibiotics

Bacterial contaminants of Date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) sold in Kaduna, Nigeria, and their susceptibility to antibiotics

*[1]Obajuluwa, A. F., 1Yagat, D. S., and [2]Durowaiye, M. T.

1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria

2Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: afobajuluwa@gmail.com; +234 8036207703; ORCID ID: //orcid.org/0000–0003–1679–6616

Abstract:

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge of antimicrobial therapy of infections today. Food-borne bacteria can serve as reservoir for transmission of antibiotic resistant strain. This study was aimed at determining the bacterial contaminants on dates palm fruits sold in Kaduna metropolis and to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacteria isolated.

Methodology: A total of 60 samples of Date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) were collected randomly from five major markets in Kaduna metropolis. Total bacterial and total coliform counts were determined using pour plate method. Gram, staining, microscopy and biochemical tests were carried out to isolate the bacterial contaminants. Antibiotic susceptibility test for commonly prescribed antibiotics was also carried out through agar diffusion method and the percentage antibiotic resistance determined. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics on Microsoft Excel. Continue reading “Bacterial contaminants of Date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) sold in Kaduna, Nigeria, and their susceptibility to antibiotics”

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Association of intestinal helminthic infection and nutritional status of primary school children in Gombe State, Nigeria

Bakari, H. B., *Aliu, R., Manga, M. M., Wasinda, S. B., and Usman, A. S.

Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: aliu.abdurrazaq11@gmail.com; +2348066536823

Abstract:

Background: Intestinal helminthic infections are among the commonest infections worldwide. It often affects the poorest communities and has similar geographic distribution with malnutrition. Intestinal helminthic infection contributes to undernutrition through subtle reduction in digestion and absorption of food, chronic inflammation and loss of nutrients. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminthic infection and its relationship with nutritional status of primary school children in Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria.

Methodology: This was a cross sectional study of 350 pupils selected through multistage random sampling technique from 24 primary schools in Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria from July 2018 to January 2019. Demographic information including age, gender, height, and weight were collected from each participant with a designed collection form. The data were analysed using SPSS version 24.0, and presented as frequency distribution and mean ± SD. The Chisquare test (with Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) was used to test for association between prevalence of helminthiasis and factors such as gender, age group and school type. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence interval. Continue reading “Association of intestinal helminthic infection and nutritional status of primary school children in Gombe State, Nigeria”

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Assessment of faecal contamination in selected concrete and earthen ponds stocked with African catfish, Clarias gariepinus

Olalemi, A., Oluyemi, M., and *Bayode, M

Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology,  Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: bayodemtmcb@futa.edu.ng; +2348085854567; ORCiD: //orcid.org/0000–0001–9990–3805

Abstract:

 Background: Microorganisms constitute significant fraction of the aquatic ecosystem and have been reported to be the cause of emerging novel infectious diseases in aquacultural practices. The prevalence of infectious diseases has been observed to depend on the interaction between fish pathogens and the aquatic environment. This study was conducted to assess the levels of faecal pollution markers in catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and their growing waters in selected earthen and concrete ponds in the teaching and research fish farm of the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), Nigeria in the dry (February-April) and wet seasons (May-July) of the year.

Methodology: Two earthen and 2 concrete ponds were randomly selected as sampling sites due to their frequent usage. A total of 120 grabs of catfishes from the earthen (n=60) and concrete (n=60) ponds, and 84 pond water samples from earthen (n=42) and concrete (n=42) ponds, were randomly collected over a 6-month period of study. Enteric bacteria count in the water and catfish samples were determined using membrane filtration and pour plate methods respectively. The physiochemical characteristics of the water samples were determined using standard methods. The rate of bioaccumulation of faecal indicator bacteria was obtained by dividing the log count of each organism in the catfish by the corresponding log count in the growing waters. Continue reading “Assessment of faecal contamination in selected concrete and earthen ponds stocked with African catfish, Clarias gariepinus”

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Antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary bacterial isolates of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of selected hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria

*1Baba, R. T., 1Adedayo, M. R., 1Awe, S., and 2Bale, M. I.

1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University,  Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria

2Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: omotayo.rasheedat@gmail.com; 07065391534: 09026144501

                         

Abstract:

 Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) in pregnancy is associated with significant morbidity for both mother and baby. This study was aimed at determining the urinary bacterial isolates and their susceptibility to selected antibiotics among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of selected Hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Methodology: A total of 300 pregnant women between the ages of 15 and 44 years were selected by random sampling technique from antenatal clinics of three randomly selected healthcare facilities in Ilorin, Nigeria; Civil Service Hospital, Sobi Specialist Hospital and Okelele Primary Health Center, between July and October 2021.  Clean-catch mid-stream specimens of voided urine were collected from each participant, cultured on CysteineLactose-Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) and Blood agar plates, and incubated aerobically at 37oC for 24 hours. The presence of significant bacteriuria (≥105 CFU/ml) was determined on the culture plate using the plate count method. Antibiotic susceptibility testing to selected antibiotics was done using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Cefoxitin (30𝜇g) was used as surrogate to determine phenotypic methicillin resistance in staphylococcus isolates, and the methicillin resistance (mecA) gene was detected by conventional PCR assay. Continue reading “Antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary bacterial isolates of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of selected hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria”

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African Traditional Medicine (ATM) Day 2022

Letter to the Editor 

*Adegboro, B., et Imran, J.

Département de Microbiologie Médicale et d’Immunologie, Université du Nil du Nigéria, Abuja, Nigéria

*Correspondance à: boaz.adegboro@nileuniversity.edu.ng; boazadegboro@gmail.com

Dear Editor,

Since the year 2000, 31st of August of every year has been set aside by the World Health Organization (WHO) to celebrate the contributions of African Traditional Medicine (ATM). The 2022 commemoration highlights the challenges against the development of ATM in Nig-eria and how they can be overcome; how the country can maximize it to boost foreign exchange Continue reading “African Traditional Medicine (ATM) Day 2022”