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Molecular detection of hepatitis E virus among swine and poultry birds in Lagos, Nigeria

1,2Salu, O. B., 3,4Mutiu, B. P., 1Etok, M. J., 2Orenolu, M. R., 2Anyanwu, R. A., 2Abdullah, M. A., 3,5Saka, B. A., 3,6Abdus-Salam, I. A., 7Macaulay, R. M., 2,8Oyedeji, K. S., and *1,2,9Omilabu, S. A.

1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine University of Lagos (CMUL), P.M.B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria

2Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology (CHAZVY), Central Research Laboratory, College of Medicine, University of Lagos (CMUL)/Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria

3Lagos State Bio-bank Laboratory, Mainland Hospital, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria

4Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria

5Centre for Biomedical Research Initiatives (CBRI), Nigeria

6Lagos State Ministry of Health (LSMOH), Alausa Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria

7Lagos State Ministry of Agriculture (LSMOA), Alausa Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria

8Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine University of Lagos (CMUL), P.M.B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria

9Department of Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, P.M.B. 2013, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: somilabu@unilag.edu.ng; Tel: +2348023119431

Abstract:
Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV), the only hepatitis virus that replicates in humans and a wide range of animal hosts, is a significant public health enteric virus with a growing trend of infection globally. The public and environmental implications associated with HEV as a zoonotic transmitted virus remain to be fully elucidated. Thus, with the limited information on HEV in other species other than humans in Nigeria, this study aimed to detect by molecular methods HEV among some livestock in Lagos, Nigeria. Continue reading “Molecular detection of hepatitis E virus among swine and poultry birds in Lagos, Nigeria”

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Antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacteria from Enterobacteriaceae family of laying chicken in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria

*1Ojja, C. V., 2Amosun, E. A., and 3Ochi, E. B.

1,2Avian Medicine Programme, Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (Including Health and Agriculture), University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

2Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

3Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Juba, Juba, South Sudan *Correspondence to: ojja.christopher@paulesi.org.ng; vukenichris170@gmail.com; +211923419563

Abstract:
Background: Antibiotics are significant for improving the health and productivity of chickens, but overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which has resulted in ineffective treatment of infectious diseases with associated mortality in chicken and potential spread of AMR pathogens to humans. The objective of the study was to evaluate the AMR profiles of Enterobacteriaceae from faecal samples of laying chicken in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. Continue reading “Antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacteria from Enterobacteriaceae family of laying chicken in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria”

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Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of five medicinal plants used against bacterial infections in Jalingo, Nigeria

*1Zenoh, D. A., 2Josephus, B., 3Halley, N., 1Endurance Okpan., 1Henry Chukwuemeka., and 1Akumbo Gemenen

1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria
2Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria
3Federal Medical Center Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria
*Correspondence to: zenoh.d@tsuniversity.edu.ng; +234 8053852525

Abstract:
Background: The prevalent utilization of medicinal plants in communities underscores their promise as antimicrobial agents amid rising antibiotic resistance. This study assesses five medicinal plants; Bambusa vulgaris, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Heteropogon contortus, Moringa oleifera, and Carica papaya against clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi and Shigella dysenteriae. Continue reading “Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of five medicinal plants used against bacterial infections in Jalingo, Nigeria”

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Isolation and biocontrol of bacteriophages from wastewater in the city of Lomé, Togo: potential application as a novel source for antimicrobial therapy

1Ouedraogo, A. K., *1Hoekou, Y., 2Gbekley, H. E., 1Pissang, P., 1Kpatagnon K., 1Sossou, K., 2Melila, M., 3Djeri, B., and 1Tchacondo, T.

1Laboratory of Biomedical and Food Sciences and Environmental Health, Advanced School of Biological and Food Processing Techniques, Université de Lomé, Togo
2Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of the Department of Biochemistry, Université de Lomé, Togo
3Laboratory of Microbiology and Food Quality Control, Advanced School of Biological and Food Processing Techniques, Université de Lomé, Togo

*Correspondence to: yhoekou@gmail.com; 0022890259591

Abstract:
Background: Bacteriophages offer one of the most promising solutions to the challenges of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. The aim of this study is to investigate bacteriophages as a source of new antimicrobial therapy.

Methodology: Waste water samples were randomly collected from 8 different locations in the city of Lomé for bacteriophage isolation. The phages were isolated using multi-resistant clinical isolates (Escherichia coli 1642 and Staphylococcus aureus 0868) as hosts by means of a spot test. The host range of the phages was determined also by a spot test using 8 other clinical bacterial isolates including two reference strains (E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 29213). The virulence of the phages and their effects on bacterial growth were assessed by in vitro experiments using E. coli 1642 BBec phage suspension. Continue reading “Isolation and biocontrol of bacteriophages from wastewater in the city of Lomé, Togo: potential application as a novel source for antimicrobial therapy”

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Aerobic vaginitis in women seen at the laboratory of the university hospital of Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar

*1Rakotovao-Ravahatra, Z. D., 2Razanadrakoto, I. I., 2Rafaramalala, S. S., 3Rakotovao, A. L., and 3Rasamindrakotroka, A.

1Laboratory of Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, University Hospital, Antananarivo, Madagascar

2Malagasy Medical Analysis Laboratory, Androhibe, Antananarivo, Madagascar

3Medical Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar

*Correspondence to: ravahatradomoina@yahoo.fr; +261 34 09 301 20

Abstract:
Background: Vaginitis is common in women. The present study aims to identify the factors associated with aerobic vaginitis (AV) in women and evaluate the antibiotic resistance of bacteria responsible for this vaginitis.

Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 840 patients and analysis of the results of their cytobacteriological examinations of cervicovaginal samples from January 01, 2020 to December 31, 2022 at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Raseta Befelatanana (CHUJRB) laboratory, Antananarivo, Mada- gascar. Continue reading “Aerobic vaginitis in women seen at the laboratory of the university hospital of Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar”

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HIV status of individuals who underwent pre-employment medical screening at a federal tertiary health institution in southeast Nigeria

1Ehidiamhen, F. E., 2Agwu, U. M., *3Eze, G. O., 1Ogbata, S. E., 4Chukwu, C. G., 1Akujobi, C. N., and 5Nnoli, M. A,

1Department of Pathology, David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital, PMB 337, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital, PMB 337, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

3Department of Clinical Sciences and Training, David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital, PMB 337, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

4Department of Planning, Research and Statistics, David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital, PMB 337, Uburu, Ebonyi State Nigeria 5Department of Pathology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: godsoneze46@gmail.com; +2348066656631; ORCID: //orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-1036

Abstract:
Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets the host immune system, particularly the CD4 T cells. The host resistance to opportunistic and non-opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis, fungal infections, severe bacterial infections, and several malignancies is weakened as a result of destruction of these CD4 cells by HIV. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV among individuals who participated in pre-employment medical screening at David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, with the aim of connecting those who are HIV-positive to voluntary counseling and treatment programs. Continue reading “HIV status of individuals who underwent pre-employment medical screening at a federal tertiary health institution in southeast Nigeria”

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Ribonucleic acid extraction: A mini-review of standard methods

Afolabi, Oluwadamilare I.

Research and Development, ARL Bio Limited, Lagos, Nigeria Correspondence to: dare.afolabi@outlook.com; +234 (816) 976-9839

Abstract:

Different techniques have been proposed for RNA extraction, many of which have found extensive use in biological research. The introduction of these methods has greatly improved molecular diagnostics, drug discovery, and numerous other research and clinical endeavors. In this review, the working principles of the most commonly used RNA extraction methods for research and clinical applications are discussed. Current automation efforts and the quest for more efficient and cost-effective methods are highlighted.

Continue reading “Ribonucleic acid extraction: A mini-review of standard methods”

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Falciparum malaria is associated with risk markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus in individuals with or without   COVID-19 exposure

[1]Adatsi, R., 2Pappoe, F., 3Bockarie, A. S., 4Derkyi-Kwarteng, L., 5Nsiah, P., 1Weyori, E. W.,

2Dankwa, K., 2Aniakwaa-Bonsu, E., 6Setorglo, J., and *6Acquah, S

1Public Health Reference Laboratory, Tamale Teaching Hospital, Tamale, Ghana

2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana

3Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana

4Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana

5Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana

6Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana

*Correspondence to: sacquah@ucc.edu.gh

 

Abstract:

Background: Scientific information on the impact of malaria on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after recovery from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited in the Ghanaian context. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between selected risk markers of T2DM in falciparum malaria patients post-COVID-19 or not at a tertiary hospital in Ghana. Continue reading “Falciparum malaria is associated with risk markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus in individuals with or without   COVID-19 exposure”

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Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes among apparently healthy women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology in Kaduna State, Nigeria

*[1]Adejo, D. S., [2]Aminu, M., 2 Ella, E. E., 1Oguntayo, O. A., and [3]Obishakin, O. F

1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria

2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

3Institute of Human Virology Nigeria (IHVN), Jos Regional Office, Plateau State, Nigeria *Correspondence to: adedansteve@gmail.com; Tel: 08036057990

 

Abstract:                                                                                                                   

Background: About 99.7% of cervical dysplasia and cancer cases are caused by persistent genital high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection. Most HPV infections are subclinical and self-limiting but may persist in about 5 to 10% of infected women, resulting in pre-cancerous lesions that can progress to invasive cancer years later. This study is aimed at detecting hrHPV among apparently healthy women of reproductive age in Kaduna State, thus providing more information for effective control of HPV and cervical cancer in Nigeria.

Methodology: Cervical smears were taken from 515 randomly selected apparently healthy women across selected secondary and tertiary facilities from 3 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in each Senatorial Zone of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) technique was used to collect cervical smears and prepare smears for cytology study, while the remaining samples were stored at -80oC for molecular studies. HPV DNA were extracted from the samples and amplified by convectional PCR using specific hrHPV (HPV 16,18,31 and 45) primer sets and a broad spectrum MY09/11 and GP5+/6+ primers for a wider range of HPV genotypes. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 and relationship between prevalence of hrHPV and socio-demographic factors such as age and marital status were determined using Chisquare or Fisher Exact test with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Continue reading “Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes among apparently healthy women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology in Kaduna State, Nigeria”

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Knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B amongst students of Pamo University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

[1]Ogban, G. I., *1Iwuafor, A. A., [2]Ushie, S. N., 1Emanghe, U. E., [3]Edadi, U. E., and 4Ekpe, L

1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

2Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

3Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

4Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria                                       

*Correspondence to: tonyiwuafor@unical.edu.ng.com; +23408033441539

Connaissance et sensibilisation à l’hépatite B parmi les étudiants de l’Université des sciences médicales de Pamo (PUMS),Port Harcourt, État de Rivers, Nigéria

1Ogban, G. I., *1Iwuafor, A. A., 2Ushie, S. N., 1Emanghe, U. E., 3Edadi, U. E., et 4Ekpe, L.

1Département de Microbiologie Médicale et Parasitologie, Université de Calabar, Calabar, Nigéria

2Université Nnamdi Azikiwe, Awka, État d’Anambra, Nigéria

3Département de Médecine Interne, Université de Calabar, Calabar, Nigéria

4Département de Pathologie Chimique, Université de Calabar, Calabar, Nigéria

*Correspondance à: tonyiwuafor@unical.edu.ng.com; +23408033441539

 

Abstract:

Background: Globally, 296 million people were infected by hepatitis B in 2019, with 1.1 million deaths.  Africa is one of the endemic regions. Good knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B remain pivotal to the biosafety of medical students. This study sought to determine the levels of knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B among students of Pamo University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Port Harcourt, Nigeria, and the predicting factors associated with this knowledge and awareness. The is with the aim of providing recommendations for improving and sustaining biosafety levels for medical and other health-related students of the University. Continue reading “Knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B amongst students of Pamo University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria”