Posted on

Prevalence and phenotypic characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from critically ill patients in two healthcare facilities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

[1]Ogbonna, O., *1Onuoha, S. C., [2]David, I. E., [3]Onwa, C. N., 4Eromonsele, B. O., and 3Ogbu, O.

1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

2Department of Home Economics and Hospitality, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria         

3Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

4Department of Microbiology, College of Sciences, Evangel University, Akaeze, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: sconuoha@yahoo.com

 

Abstract:

 Background: The intrinsic property of Acinetobacter baumannii to survive in harsh conditions on environmental surfaces and its ability to resist commonly used antibiotics in hospitals make this pathogen to be one of the most prevalent causes of hospital infections. The present study was aimed at determining the prevalence of A. baumannii among critically ill patients in two tertiary hospitals; Alex Ekwueme-Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AE-FUTHA) and Mater Misericodiae Hospital Afikpo (MMHA) in Ebonyi State, southeast Nigeria. Continue reading “Prevalence and phenotypic characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from critically ill patients in two healthcare facilities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria”

Posted on

Nosocomial imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in intensive care units: incidence and risk factors assessment

Hend E. Sharaf, Marian A. Gerges

 

Abstract

Imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) (IRAB) has emerged as a challenging nosocomial pathogen particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). Studying the risk factors associated with IRAB infection is of paramount importance for appropriate control of IRAB spread. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence rate and possible risk factors associated with nosocomial IRAB infections in ICUs. A prospective cohort study was carried out in surgical and emergency ICUs of a tertiary care hospital in Egypt. All patients who developed nosocomial A. baumannii infection from the start of January 2014 to the end of December 2015 were included. Isolates were identified as A. baumannii using API 20NE and E-test was used to define IRAB. Out of 146 A. baumannii isolates, 11 were found to be IRAB (7.5% incidence rate), of them 72.7% (8/11) were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR). Univariate analysis demonstrated that hospital stay before ICU admission [Relative risk (RR) 3.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0- 12.7, P= 0.04)], longer ICU stay (P= 0.005), exposure to emergent surgery (RR 17.5, CI 7.39-41.4, P= 0.000), the presence of central venous catheter (RR 3.26, CI 1.0-10.6, P= 0.04) and previous carbapenem use (RR 4.05, CI 1.12-14.6, P =0.02) were significant risk factors for IRAB infection. In conclusion, a relatively high IRAB incidence was recorded in ICUs of our hospital. Hospital stay before ICU admission, longer ICU stay, exposure to emergent surgery, the presence of central venous catheter and previous carbapenem use were significant risk factors for IRAB infection. Rationale use of carbapenems in ICUs should be considered.

Keywords: Imipenem-resistant, Acinetobacter baumannii, Intensive care units

Download full journal in PDF below

Nosocomial imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in intensive care units incidence and risk factors assessment

Posted on

In vitro activity of fosfomycin against uropathogen multi-drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii

MS Rasool, M Ajaz, F Siddiqui, SA Rasool, S Hafiz

 

Abstract

Urinary tract infections caused by multidrug resistant Gram negative bacilli constitute a major global healthcare problem. Fosfomycin is considered the best treatment option for such infections. Urine samples were collected and cultured in a tertiary care hospital (Urology). Identification of these uropathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity screening were performed according to CLSI guidelines. Urine samples (n=436) were selected in which Ps. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were
found to be the significant pathogens and treated-exposed to fosfomycin. Sixty six (15%) were identified as Acinetobacter baumannii, Ps. aeruginosa n=370(85%). Forty four percent of all Ps. aeruginosa were found to be multidrug resistant while 48.5% of the Acinetobacter baumannii strains were found multidrug resistant. Polymyxin B was found to be the most effective drug (100%) against all uropathogens and fosfomycin was found effective against 73% of the multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates and 70% of the multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. It may be concluded that  antimicrobial  activity (in vitro) of fosfomycin, especially against MDR uropathogens, is very effective.

Keywords: Fosfomycin, Multidrug resistant Gram negative bacilli, Urinary tract infections, Ps.  aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii

 

L’ACTIVITE IN VITRO DE LA FOSFOMYCINE CONTRE UROPATHOGEN MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT (MDR)
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ET ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII

Les infections des voies urinaires causées par les bacilles de multi résistants Gram négatifs, constituent un problème majeur de sante mondiale. Fosfomycine est considéré comme la meilleure option de traitement pour telles infections. Les échantillons d’urine ont été recueillis et cultives dans un hôpital de soins tertiaires. Identification de ces uropathogènes et programmation de leur sensibilité aux  antibiotiques ont été réalisés selon les directives (CLSI). Les échantillons d’urine (n = 436) ont été choisis dans laquelle Ps. aeruginosa et Acinetobacter baumannii se sont trouves être l’agent pathogène important et traités – exposés a Fosfomycine. Soixante – six (15%) ont été identifies comme  Acinetobacter baumannii, Ps. aeruginosa = 370 (85%). Quarante – quatre pourcent de tous les Ps. aeruginosa se sont trouvés être multi résistants et 48,5% des souches Acinetobacter baumannii se
sont trouves multi résistants. Polymyxine B a été trouvé d’être le médicament le plus efficace (100%) contre tous les uropathogènes et Fosfomycine a été trouvé efficace contre 73% des isolats de multi résistants Acinetobacter baumannii et 70% des souches de multi résistants Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On peut conclure que l’activité antimicrobienne (in vitro) de Fosfomycine est très efficace, particulièrement contre les uropathogenes MDR.

Mots – clés : Fosfomycine, les bacilles de Multi résistants Gram négatifs, les infections des voies urinaires, Ps. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii.

Download full journal in PDF below

In vitro activity of fosfomycin against uropathogen multi-drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii