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In vivo assessment of antibacterial activity of Cassia sieberiana stem bark extracts on enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection in Wister rats

In vivo assessment of antibacterial activity of Cassia sieberiana stem bark extracts on enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection in Wister rats

1Usanga, V. U., 1Ukwah, B. N., 2William, O., *1Kalu, M. E., 3Akpan, J. L., 1Azi, O. S., and 1Ude, U. A.

 1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

2Department of Laboratory Services, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria

3Department of Pharmacology, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: kalu.erem@ebsu.edu.ng; +234806 402 8592

Abstract:

 Background: The acceptance of traditional medicine as an alternative form of health care has led researchers to further investigate the antimicrobial and other health benefits of medicinal plants including Cassia sieberiana. The objective of this study is to assess the in vivo antibacterial effects of C. sieberiana stem bark extracts on infections caused by human and animal isolates of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) in Wister rats.

Methodology: This in vivo study was designed for 21 days in 3 phases of 7 days each; adaptation, infection and treatment. Escherichia coli were isolated from aerobic cultures of human and cattle faecal samples and EHEC 0157 identified by serological typing using latex agglutination method. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of authenticated C. sieberiana stem bark, were prepared using standard method. Forty-five Wister rats were randomly divided into 9 groups (A-I) of 5 rats each. Rats in group A (uninfected with human or animal EHEC isolate and untreated) served as negative control while rats in group B (infected with EHEC animal isolate and untreated) and group C (infected with EHEC human isolate and untreated) served as positive controls. Rats in group C through group I were experimental groups that were either infected with human or animal EHEC isolate and treated, or uninfected but treated with ethanol and aqueous extracts of C. sieberiana. During each of the study phase, faecal samples were collected from the rats and processed for evaluation of EHEC count and to determine faecal occult blood. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20.0 and categorical variables were compared with Pearson’s Chi-square, with significant value taken as p<0.05 Continue reading “In vivo assessment of antibacterial activity of Cassia sieberiana stem bark extracts on enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection in Wister rats”

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Impact of decalcification on antibacterial properties of eggshell against selected poultry pathogens

*1Balogu, T. V., 1Chukwueze, B. C., and 2Okonkwo, T. P.

1Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria

2Department of Chemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: tovin2009@yahoo.com

 

Abstract:

 Background: Eggshell which is primarily composed of more than 98% calcium carbonate crystal, serves as the physical protective and active barrier structure of egg content. Recently, antimicrobial properties of eggshell are fast becoming center of interest among stakeholders of poultry industry. However, few studies have focused on the rigidity factor of calcium components of eggshell as antimicrobial agent. Thus, this study was designed to determine the effect of decalcification on the ability of eggshell to inhibit common poultry and egg bacterial pathogens.

Methods: Raw eggshell denoted as calcified eggshell (CES) and decalcified eggshell (DES) were extracted and made into fine powder. Standard protocol was used for preparations of CES and DES at concentrations of 10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 mg/ml, and their antibacterial assays on selected bacterial pathogens (Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi) were performed by agar diffusion method. Gentamicin 80mg solution (CC1) and distilled water (CC2) served as controls. Data were analysed with SPSS version 20.0 and presented as mean±SD for descriptive statistics. Friedman’s two-way test ANOVA was used to compare the differences in mean values between CES, DES, CC1 and CC2 at significance level of p<0.05. Continue reading “Impact of decalcification on antibacterial properties of eggshell against selected poultry pathogens”

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Efficacy of household cleaning agents against some selected pathogenic bacteria

EO Igbinosa, MA Ibhazukor, OA Eribo, AG Ogofure

 

Abstract

The emergence and spread of microorganisms with reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial agents is a major public health problem. This study evaluated the antibacterial effect of household cleaning agents on selected bacterial isolates. Standard culture-based procedure was used to determine the efficacy of disinfectants on selected bacteria isolates. The activity assessed was against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ariel was found to have more bactericidal effect on Streptococcus pyogenes being sensitive and Staphylococcus aureus. Dettol exhibited antibacterial effect against all tested isolates with zones of inhibition for Streptococcus pyogenes (24±0.12mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (9±0.01mm). Harpic revealed antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other tested isolates with average zones of inhibition of 20±0.20mm. Jik was active against Klebsiella pneumoniaand Escherichia coli while Omo showed good inhibitory effect against all tested isolates except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Based on the present study, the levels of decreased susceptibility to household cleaning agents seem to be increasing, regardless of whether these products used in the home or not. The eventual clinical implications of this decreased susceptibility need continue surveillance.

Key words: Antibacteria, Commensal flora, Disease, Disinfectant, Hygiene, Public health

French Abstract

L’émergence et la propagation des micro-organismes d’une sensibilité réduite aux agents antimicrobiens est un problème majeur a la santé publique. Cette recherche a évalué l’effet antibactérien des agents d’entretien ménager sur isolats bactériens sélectionnés. Procédure fondée de culture Standard a été employé pour déterminer l’efficacité des désinfectants sur des isolats bactériens sélectionnés. L’activité évaluée était contre Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli et Pseudomonas aeruginosa. L’Ariel a été trouvé d’avoir plus effet bactéricide sur Streptococcus pyogenes étant sensible et Staphylococcus aureus. Le dettol a exposé l’effet antibactérien contre tous les isolats testés avec des zones d’inhibition pour Streptococcus pyogenes (24±0,12mm) et Staphylococcus aureus(9±0,01mm). Harpic a révélé l’activité antibactérienne contre Pseudomonas aeruginosa et les autres isolats testés avec des zones moyennes d’inhibition de 20±0,20mm. Jik a été actif contre Klebsiella pneumonia et Escherichia coli tandis que l’Omo a montré un bon effet inhibiteur contre tous les isolats testés sauf Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fondée sur la recherche de ce moment, les niveaux de la diminution de la sensibilité aux agents d’entretien ménager paraissent être de plus en plus indépendamment du fait que ces produits sont utilisés à la maison. Finalement, les implications cliniques finales de cette diminution de la sensibilité ont besoin d’une surveillance continuelle.

Mots – clés: Antibactérien, Flore commensal, Maladie, Désinfectants Hygiène, Santé publique.

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Efficacy of household cleaning agents against some selected pathogenic bacteria