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Phenotypic characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Vibrio cholerae isolates during the October 2022 and January 2023 outbreak in North-Kivu province, The Democratic Republic of Congo

*1,2Kabangwa, R. K. S., 2Mulasi, K. H., 2Moyengo, B. T., 2Byamungu, J. M.,              and 2Mobile, P. K.

1Department of Biology, University of Goma, Goma, The Democratic Republic of Congo

2Appui Médical Intégré aux Activités de Laboratoire (AMI-LABO), North Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo                                                             *Correspondence to: amilabogm@gmail.com; +243 994 907 798

Abstract:  

Background: Cholera is an infectious disease characterized by severe watery diarrhea, frequently occurring in outbreaks which affects many communities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). At the end of October 2022, a cholera outbreak was declared in the camp of internally displaced people (IDP) of Kanyaruchinya, 20 kilometers north of Goma, the provincial capital of the North-Kivu province in DRC, as well as in other IDP camps and settlements around the city of Goma. The aim of this study was to phenotypically characterize Vibrio cholerae isolates associated with this outbreak, and to determinate their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Continue reading “Phenotypic characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Vibrio cholerae isolates during the October 2022 and January 2023 outbreak in North-Kivu province, The Democratic Republic of Congo”

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Antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary bacterial isolates of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of selected hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria

*1Baba, R. T., 1Adedayo, M. R., 1Awe, S., and 2Bale, M. I.

1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University,  Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria

2Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: omotayo.rasheedat@gmail.com; 07065391534: 09026144501

                         

Abstract:

 Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) in pregnancy is associated with significant morbidity for both mother and baby. This study was aimed at determining the urinary bacterial isolates and their susceptibility to selected antibiotics among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of selected Hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Methodology: A total of 300 pregnant women between the ages of 15 and 44 years were selected by random sampling technique from antenatal clinics of three randomly selected healthcare facilities in Ilorin, Nigeria; Civil Service Hospital, Sobi Specialist Hospital and Okelele Primary Health Center, between July and October 2021.  Clean-catch mid-stream specimens of voided urine were collected from each participant, cultured on CysteineLactose-Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) and Blood agar plates, and incubated aerobically at 37oC for 24 hours. The presence of significant bacteriuria (≥105 CFU/ml) was determined on the culture plate using the plate count method. Antibiotic susceptibility testing to selected antibiotics was done using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Cefoxitin (30𝜇g) was used as surrogate to determine phenotypic methicillin resistance in staphylococcus isolates, and the methicillin resistance (mecA) gene was detected by conventional PCR assay. Continue reading “Antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary bacterial isolates of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of selected hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria”

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Antimicrobial susceptibility of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae causing urinary tract infections in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

D.S. Kpoda, N Guessennd, N.S. Somda, A Ajayi, J.I. Bonkoungou, F Konan, M.B. Ouattara, M Somda, J Simpore, R Ouedraogo, K.M. Drabo, L Sangare, M Dosso, A.S. Traore

 

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency of extended-spectrum beta lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) and other antibioticsresistant bacteria in urinary tract isolates.

Study Design: prospective and experimental study.

Methodology: Place and duration of study :YalgadoOuedraogo University Hospital Center, Charles De Gaulle Pediatric Hospital Center, Saint Camille Hospital and National Public Health Laboratory, Ouagadougou, from November 2014 to October 2015.

AllEnterobacteriaceaestrains isolated from urinary samples of patients were identifiedusing API 20E chemical gallery (BioMerieux, France). All strains were subjected to an array of 14 antibiotics to study their drug susceptibility by using Kirby- Baeurdisk diffusion method. Detection of ESBL was carried out by double disk diffusion technique. Statistical analysis was performed by Microsoft Excel and Anova one-way GrapPad Prism version 5.01. Chi-square (χ2) test was used to determine significance. A p˂ 0.05was considered to be statistically significant.

Results: A total of 324 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were identified during the study period, including211(65%) E. coli, 75 (23%)Klebsiellaspp., 18 (6%) Enterobacter spp., 11 (3%)Proteus spp., 5 (2%) Citrobacter spp., Serratia spp. 3 (1%).All the clinical isolates were susceptible to imipenem. Resistance to amikacinwas 14% (45/324); gentamicin 54% (175/324); tobramycin 58% (187/324); nalidixic acid 72% (234/324),ciprofloxacin 63% (204/324) and to cotrimoxazole 83% (269/324).The overall rate of the EBSL producing strains was 35% (114/324). Their susceptibility to antibiotics was (imipenem,amikacin, cefoxitin and fosfomycin) 100% (114/114), 93% (106/114), 74% (84/114) and 84% (96/114) respectively. ESBL positivity within individual organism group was highest inEscherichia coli 64% (73/324) followed byKlebsiellaspp. 28% (32/324), Enterobacterspp. 3% (4/324), Proteus spp. and Citrobacterspp. 2% (2/324).

Conclusion: The results showeda high frequency of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae, especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiellaspp. The data points to theneed of routine detection and surveillance of ESBL producing bacteria in Burkina Faso.

Keywords: Antimicrobial susceptibility, Enterobacteriaceae, Urine, Burkina Faso

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Antimicrobial susceptibility of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae causing urinary tract infections in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) indices of Pseudomonas and Klebsiella species isolates in Lagos University Teaching Hospital

OO Osundiya, RO Oladele, OO Oduyebo

 

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Pseudomonas and Klebsiella infections are important nosocomial infections because of the attendant significant morbidity, mortality and socio-economic impact. These infections are difficult to treat due to the innate and acquired resistance mediated by the organisms’ genome and other transferable genetic elements. We determined the multiple antibiotic resistance indices of Pseudomonas spp and Klebsiella spp isolated from clinical specimens in Lagos University Teaching Hospital.
Methods: 110 clinical isolates were evaluated using MicrobactTM 24E (Oxoid, UK) and Pseudomonas and Klebsiella species isolates were 34 and 21 respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the  Pseudomonas and Klebsiella isolates were determined by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method and results interpreted by CLSI interpretative values. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance index (MAR) were calculated.
Results: MAR index of the Pseudomonas and Klebsiella samples was 0.4, as 31 (91.2%) and 14 (66.7%) of Pseudomonas spp and Klebsiella spp respectively were multi drug resistant. Isolates of Pseudomonas spp demonstrated the highest level of resistance to Ceftazidime (79.4%), Cefixime (76.5%), Cedipime (50%) and Piperacillin (44.1%); while that of Klebsiella spp were carbenicillin (76.4%), pipericillin (71.4%), cefixime (52.4%) and cefradoxil (42.9%) respectively. There was a low level
of resistance to quinolones and aminoglycosides.
Conclusion: The MAR index shows increase in the rates of resistance among these organisms thus making antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance and testing more crucial in selecting empiric regimen or definitive treatment.

KEY WORDS: Lagos, multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR), antimicrobial susceptibility, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella spp.

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Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) indices of Pseudomonas and Klebsiella species isolates in Lagos University Teaching Hospital

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Prevalence and Susceptibility Patterns of Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli to Various Antimicrobials in A Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in South-South Nigeria

NC Oreha, CO Esimone, OL Ekwunife

 

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli as an aetiologic agent in bacterial infections and its antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, perfloxacin, gentamycin and cotrimoxazole as a guide for empiric therapy. A retrospective study was carried out using a clinical microbiology laboratory in Nigeria. Data retrieved include number of E. coli isolates, sources of the isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility to various fluoroquinolones, gentamycin and cotrimoxazole between 2005 and 2009. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 14, Chicago IL. Out of a total of 906 bacterial isolates, E. coli accounted for 23 % (211) of the isolates. Thirty-eight percent (38.39 %) was isolated from urine samples, 27.96 % from high vaginal swab samples, 24.17 % from stool samples, 0.95% from urethra swabs, 1.9% from wound swabs and 6.6% from semen samples. There was poor level of susceptibility to norfloxacin (2.2%) and cotrimoxazole (23.7%), susceptibility to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin were 51.1%, 54.7% and 52.5% respectively, that of gentamycin was 51.8%. The trends across the years showed a significant increase in susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and ofloxacin in 2007 after which it started reducing, while norfloxacin’s susceptibility was low across the five years with maximum susceptibility at 9.1% in 2006. There was an increase in susceptibility to gentamycin as the susceptibility levels of the  fluoroquinolones were reducing. There should be continuous surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and empiric treatment with fluoroquinolones discouraged, especially for non urinary tract infections.

KEYWORDS: Antimicrobial susceptibility, Nigeria, Escherichia coli, fluoroquinolones, gentamycin

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Prevalence and Susceptibility Patterns of Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli to Various Antimicrobials in A Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in South-South Nigeria