Sero-prevalence of human T-lymphotrophic virus 1/2 among HIV-1 infected individuals in Ilorin, Nigeria

1 Adeoye, O. A., *1 Ashaka, O. S., 1 Omoare, A. A., 2 Fawibe, A. E., and 1 Agbede, O. O.

1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

2 Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: ashakseyi@gmail.com

Abstract:
Background: HTLV–1 or 2 co–infection in individuals infected with HIV–1 can lead to increased morbidity. The shared routes of transmission of HTLV with HIV–1 may increase the prevalence of HTLV among HIV–1 infected population and subsequently affect patient’s management.
Methods: Sera were collected from 144 HIV–1 infected individuals attending the highly active anti–retroviral therapy (HAART) clinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital between the months of May and August 2016. Sera were tested for anti–HTLV IgM and IgG antibodies to HTLV–1&2 using the sandwich enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: Out of the 144 participants tested, 47 (32.6%) and 37 (25.7%) were positive for HTLV IgG and IgM respectively. Twenty–one participants (14.6%) had both IgG and IgM antibodies to HTLV–1&2. Ten individuals were anti–retroviral drug naïve out of which, four and six were positive to anti–HTLV IgG and IgM respectively. Conclusion: Findings from this study revealed that there is high sero–prevalence of HTLV IgG and IgM antibodies among HIV–1 sero–positive individuals in Ilorin. The high rate of co–infection supports routine screening for HTLV–1/2 co-infection among HIV–1 infected individuals in Ilorin, Nigeria so that the purpose of HAART treatment and monitoring of patients to prevent progression to AIDS will not be aborted.

Keywords: Human T-cell lymphotrophic Virus, Human immunodeficiency virus–1, IgG, IgM, CD4+ counts

Received March 20, 2018; Revised March 20, 2019; Accepted March 23, 2019

Copyright 2019 AJCEM Open Access. This article is licensed and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrition 4.0 International License (//creativecommmons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.

 

Prévalence sérologique du virus T-lymphotrophe humain 1/2 chez les personnes infectées par le VIH-1 à Ilorin, au Nigéria

1 Adeoye, O. A., *1 Ashaka, O. S., 1 Omoare, A. A., 2 Fawibe, A. E., and 1 Agbede, O. O.

1 Département de microbiologie médicale et de parasitologie, Université d’Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigéria

2 Département de médecine, Université d’Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigéria

*Correspondance à: ashakseyi@gmail.com

Abstrait:
Contexte: La co-infection par le HTLV-1 ou 2 chez les personnes infectées par le VIH-1 peut entraîner une morbidité accrue. Les voies de transmission partagées du VIH-1 par le VIH-1 peuvent augmenter la prévalence du virus dans les populations infectées par le VIH-1 et, par conséquent, affecter la prise en charge du patient.
Méthodes: Des sérums ont été recueillis auprès de 144 personnes infectées par le VIH-1 fréquentant la clinique de traitement antirétroviral hautement actif (HAART) de l’hôpital universitaire de Ilorin entre mai et août 2016. Les sérums ont été testés pour la détection des IgM et IgG anti-HTLV. anticorps anti-HTLV-1 et 2 en utilisant l’essai sandwich immuno-absorbant lié à une enzyme.
Résultats: Sur les 144 participants testés, 47 (32,6%) et 37 (25,7%) étaient positifs pour les IgG et les IgM du HTLV, respectivement. Vingt et un participants (14,6%) avaient à la fois des anticorps IgG et IgM anti-HTLV-1 et 2. Dix personnes n’avaient jamais reçu d’antirétroviraux, dont quatre et six étaient positives aux IgG et aux IgM anti-HTLV, respectivement.
Conclusion: Les résultats de cette étude ont révélé une prévalence élevée de l’anticorps IgG et IgM du HTLV chez les sujets séropositifs pour le VIH-1 à Ilorin. Le taux élevé de coïnfection favorise le dépistage systématique de la co-infection par HTLV – 1/2 chez les personnes infectées par le VIH – 1 à Ilorin, au Nigéria, de sorte que l’objectif du traitement HAART et du suivi des patients pour prévenir la progression du sida ne soit pas avorté.

Mots-clés: Virus lymphotrophe humain à cellules T, Virus de l’immunodéficience humaine-1, IgG, IgM, Compte de CD4+

 

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Sero-prevalence of human T-lymphotrophic virus 1/2 among HIV-1 infected individuals in Ilorin, Nigeria

 

Reference Values of CD4-Lymphocyte Counts in HIV Seronegative Pregnant Women in Buea, Cameroon

RA Tanjong, J Atashili, HLF Kamga, G Ikomey, NT Akenji, MP Ndumbe

 

Abstract

Pregnancy is a physiologically immunocompromised state, during which alterations in T-lymphocyte subsets may occur. Reference values for CD4 counts in pregnancy have not been established particularly in sub-Saharan populations. This study aimed at describing expected (‘normal’) values of CD4 counts in healthy HIV-negative pregnant women so these could serve as reference for assessing the progress of HIV disease in HIV-infected pregnant women. The study was conducted in antenatal clinics in the Buea Health District, Cameroon. All eligible women were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. Whole blood samples collected were tested for HIV using Determine 1/2 and SD Bioline HIV-1/2 3.0 rapid tests. The CD4+ absolute counts were assessed using the Partec Cyflow Counter and the CD4 easy count kit. A total of 279 women were analysed. Their ages ranged from 15 to 47 years. A vast majority (95%) of participants were in the second or third trimester of gestation. Slightly less than half (43%) were primiparous. The CD4 cell count ranged from 321 to 1808 cells/μl . This distribution was approximately normal with a mean of 851cells/μl, a median of 831cells/μl , and a standard deviation of 254cells/μl . The expected (‘normal’) range, covering 95% of the sample was 438-1532 cells/μl. Participants with malaria parasitaemia tended to have a lower CD4 count (lower on average by 115 cells/μl, P<0.001). CD4 cell counts in HIV-negative pregnant women appear similar to those of the general population of HIV-negatives. These values can thus be used as references when assessing HIV-seropositive pregnant women.

Keywords: CD4 counts, HIV-negative, pregnancy

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Reference Values of CD4-Lymphocyte Counts in HIV Seronegative Pregnant Women in Buea, Cameroon