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Chemical composition analysis of essential oils of four plants from Aurès region of Algeria and their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against coagulase-negative staphylococci

*1Zatout, A., 1Djibaoui, R., 2Flamini, G., 2Ascrizzi, R., 3Benbrahim, C., 4Mazari, H. E., 5Benkredda, F., 6Mechaala, S., and 7,8Kassah-Laouar, A.

 

1Laboratory of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Abdlhamid Ibn Badis, Mostaganem, Algeria

2Dipartimento di Farmacia, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy

3Laboratory of Microbiology Applied to the Agroalimentary Biomedical and the Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University Abou BekrBelkaid, Tlemcen, Algeria

4 Geo-environment and Space Development (LGEDE), University of Mustapha Stambouli, Mascara, Algeria

5Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Algeria

6Laboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology and Valorization of Bio-resources, Department of Natural Sciences and Life,

Faculty of Exact Sciences and Sciences of Nature and Life, Mohamed Khider University, Biskra, Algeria

7Central Laboratory of Medical Biology, Anti-Cancer Center, Batna, Algeria

8Faculty of Medicine, University of Batna 2, Batna, Algeria

*Correspondence to: asma.zatout@univ-mosta.dz

Abstract:

Background: The altitudinal and geographical variability of the Aurès mountains of Algeria favored the existence of some endemic and rare varieties of medicinal plants. The aim of the present work is to determine the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of the essential oils (EOs) from aerial parts of four medicinal plants from Aurès region of Algeria; Juniperus thurifera L., Juniperus oxycedrus L., Salvia officinalis L. and Thymus ciliatus ssp. munbyanus (Boiss. & Reut.) Batt. on coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates. Continue reading “Chemical composition analysis of essential oils of four plants from Aurès region of Algeria and their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against coagulase-negative staphylococci”

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Coagulase negative staphylococci in Anti-Cancer Center, Batna, Algeria: antibiotic resistance pattern, biofilm formation, and detection of mecA and icaAD genes

1*Zatout, A., 2Djibaoui, R., 2Kassah-Laouar, A., and 3Benbrahim, C.
1Laboratory of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Abdlhamid Ibn Badis, Mostaganem, Algeria
2Central Laboratory of Biology, Anticancer Center of Batna, Algeria
3Laboratory of Microbiology Applied to the Agroalimentary Biomedical and the Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University Abou BekrBelkaid, Tlemcen, Algeria
*Correspondence to: asma.zatout@univ-mosta.dz

Abstract:
Background: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are normal microbial flora found on the skin and mucous membranes of mammals. Considered for a long time as avirulent commensals, these bacteria are now recognized as opportunistic pathogens by virtue of their high resistance to multiple antibiotics and capacity for biofilm formations, which made them important agents of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The objectives of this study are to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and biofilm formation, and to detect mecA and icaAD genes in clinical CoNS isolates from Batna’s Anti-Cancer Center (ACC) in Algeria. Methods: A total of 66 CoNS were isolated from different samples and identified by API Staph system. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) of each isolate to selected antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of oxacillin and vancomycin were determined by E-test. Biofilm formation was assessed by Tissue Culture Plate (TCP) and Congo Red Agar (CRA) methods. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify mecA gene in 9 oxacillin-resistant and 1 oxacillin-sensitive CoNS, and icaAD gene in 9 biofilm forming and 1 non-biofilm forming CoNS. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA of 1 mecA and 1 icaAD positive isolates was performed by the Sanger method. Results: Nine species of CoNS were identified, with Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=29, 44%) and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n=15, 22.7%) constituting the largest proportion, and isolated mainly from the onco-haematology service unit of the center. The isolates were resistant to penicillin G (98.5%), cefoxitin (80.3%) and oxacillin (72.2%). The TCP method was more sensitive (89.4%) than CRA method (31.8%) in detecting biofilm formation. The mecA gene was detected in 66.7% (6/9) of oxacillin resistant CoNS and the icaAD gene in 55.6% (5/9) of TCP positive CoNS isolates Conclusion: Invitro resistance to methicillin (oxacillin) and biofilm formation were high among the CoNS isolates in this study, but the association of these with respective carriage of mecA and icaAD genes was low.

Keywords: Coagulase negative staphylococci, identification, antibiotic resistance, biofilm, PCR

Received April 26, 2019; Revised October 2, 2019; Accepted October 5, 2019
Copyright 2020 AJCEM Open Access. This article is licensed and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrition 4.0 International License (//creativecommmons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.

Staphylocoques à coagulase négative au Centre Anti-Cancer du Batna, Algérie: résistance aux antibiotiques, formation de biofilms et détection des gènes mecA et icaAD

1*Zatout, A., 2Djibaoui, R., 2Kassah-Laouar, A., et 3Benbrahim, C.
1Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Végétale, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Abdlhamid Ibn Badis, Mostaganem, Algérie
2Laboratoire Central de Biologie, Centre Anti-Cancer (ACC), Batna, Algérie
3laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée à l’Agroalimentaire au Biomédical et à l’Environnement, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Abou Bekr Belkaid, Tlemcen, Algérie
Correspondance à: asma.zatout@univ-mosta.dz
Coagulase negative staphylococci in Algeria Afr J. Clin. Exper. Microbiol. 2020; 21 (1): 21-29

Abstrait :

Contexte: Les staphylocoques à coagulase négative (CoNS) sont une flore microbienne normale présente sur la peau et les muqueuses humaines des mammifères. Considérés depuis longtemps comme des commensales avirulentes, ces bactéries sont reconnues comme agents pathogènes opportunistes grâce à leurs multiples propriétés coexistantes de résistance aux antibiotiques et de formation de biofilms qui constituent des agents importants d’infections nosocomiales et communautaires. l’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la résistance aux antibiotiques, la formation de biofilms et pour rechercher des gènes mecA et icaAD dans les isolats cliniques de staphylocoques à coagulase négative du Centre Anti-Cancer (AAC) de Batna en Algérie. Méthodes: au total de 66 des SCN ont été isolés de différents prélèvements et identifiés par galerie API Staph. Le test de sensibilité aux antibiotiques In vitro de chaque isolat par rapport aux antibiotiques sélectionnés a été déterminé par la méthode de diffusion sur disque, et les concentrations minimales inhibitrices (MICs) de l’oxacilline et de la vancomycine ont été déterminées par E-test. La formation de biofilm a été évaluée par la méthode de culture de tissu en plaque (TCP) et la méthode de Rouge Congo Agar (CRA). La réaction en chaîne par polymérase (PCR) a été utilisée pour amplifier l’ADN du gène mecA dont 9 des SCN résistants à l’oxacilline et 1 sensible à l’oxacilline et le gène icaAD dont 9 des SCN formant biofilm et 1 non-formant biofilm. Le séquençage de l’ADNr 16S des isolats positifs, 1 mecA et 1 icaAD ont été réalisés par la méthode de Sanger. Résultats: Neuf espèces des SCN ont été identifiées avec Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=29, 44%) et Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n=15, 22,7%) constituant la plus grande proportion, et isolées principalement de l’unité de service d’onco-hématologie du centre. Les isolats étaient résistants à la pénicilline G (98,5%), à la céfoxitine (80,3%) et à l’oxacilline (72,2%). La méthode TCP était plus sensible (89,4%) que la méthode CRA (31,8%) dans la détection de la formation de biofilm. Le gène mecA a été détecté dans 66,7% (6/9) des SCN résistants à l’oxacilline et le gène icaAD dans 55,6% (5/9) des isolats positifs des SCN pour CRA. Conclusion: La résistance à la méthicilline (oxacilline) in vitro et la formation de biofilms étaient élevées chez les isolats des SCN de cette étude, mais leur corrélation avec le portage respectif des gènes mecA et icaAD était faible.

Mots-clés: Staphylocoque à coagulase négative, identification, résistance aux antibiotiques, biofilm, PCR

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Coagulase negative staphylococci in Anti-Cancer Center, Batna, Algeria: antibiotic resistance pattern, biofilm formation, and detection of mecA and icaAD genes

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Pattern of resistance to vancomycin and other antimicrobial agents in staphylococcal isolates in a university teaching hospital

BO Olayinka, AT Olayinka, JA Onaolapo, PF Olurinola

 

Abstract

Multidrug resistance has been reported in clinical isolates of both coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Staphylococcus aureus that are most often resistant to oxacillin/methicillin. Vancomycin, a glycopeptide is the drug of choice for infections caused by such multidrug resistant strains. This study determined the pattern of resistance to vancomycin and other antimicrobial agents in staphylococcal isolates from a University Teaching Hospital. Staphylococcal isolates from clinical specimens submitted to the diagnostic medical microbiology laboratory of the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria (over a three-month period) were characterized using standard microbiological procedures and their susceptibility to vancomycin and other commonly used antimicrobial agents determined by Kirby-Bauer-NCCLS modified disc diffusion technique. A total of 56 of the 97 (57.7%) staphylococcal isolates characterized were resistant to vancomycin 30μg, showing a zone of inhibition less than 15mm. Most of these isolates were from urine (27.3%), wound (21.8%) and pleural aspirate (12.8%). The 56 staphylococcal isolates were made up of 75% (41/56) Staphylococcus aureus and 25% (14/56) coagulase-negative staphylococci. Majority of the isolates, 60.7% (34/56) produced β-lactamase enzyme. Resistance pattern to other antimicrobial agents was benzyl penicillin G (92.9%); tetracycline (69.6%); cefuroxime (60%); chloramphenicol (54.5%); oxacillin (49.1%); erythromycin (35.7%); gentamicin (25%) and ciprofloxacin (16.1%). Analysis of the multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) showed that majority (91.1%) were resistant to 3 to 7 of the other antimicrobial agents tested. No isolate was resistant to all the tested antimicrobial agents. A very high proportion of the staphylococcal isolates were resistant to vancomycin, a glycopeptide that is not commonly used in this environment. Ciprofloxacin and gentamicin appear to be the only agents that will be effective in treating infections by these isolates. The high proportion of isolates with MARI of 0.3 and above, suggest that the isolates originated from an environment where antibiotics are often used. There is need for constant, on-going antimicrobial resistance surveillance in important and commonly isolated clinically significant pathogens to form the basis for developing and implementing measures that will reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance.

Key Words: vancomycin, methicillin resistance, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, antimicrobial agents

Afr. J. Clin. Exper. Microbiol. Vol.6(1) 2005: 21-27