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The bacteria profiles of wounds in diabetic patients hospitalized in northern Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

W. Mthembu, D Penduka, R Mosa, B Shoba, A Zobolo, A Opoku

 

Abstract

Diabetic wound infections still remain a health concern such that correct identification of bacteria is essential in monitoring the spread of the infections as well as in the administration of the correct treatment. This study therefore focuses on isolating and identifying bacteria present in diabetic wounds of hospitalized patients in northern KwaZulu-Natal and assessing their distribution.The wound specimen were collected and swabbed onto selective and differential media. The bacteria identities were presumptively ascertained through biochemical characterization (Gram-stain, catalase test, oxidase test and API) and then confirmed through 16S rDNA sequencing.A total of 42 isolates were recovered from 83% of the patients sampled from the three participating hospitals (X, Y, and Z). Gram-negative bacilli from Enterobacteriaceaewere predominant followed by Staphylococci spp and Enterococcus faecaliswith 43% polymicrobial cases from hospital Z and 29% from hospital X. Distribution of some opportunistic pathogens and nosocomially-acquired pathogens were also observed across the patients with five bacterial identities distributed among hospital X and Z. The adverse effects associated with the recovered bacteria in diabetic wounds pose a serious health concern and preventive measure should be taken.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, wounds, bacteria, infection

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The bacteria profiles of wounds in diabetic patients hospitalized in northern Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

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Glycated haemoglobin levels in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis infection during 6 months of treatment

KS Akinlade, SK Rahamon, VF Edem, OM Ige, OG Arinola

 

Abstract

Background: There is little information on the possible impact of drugs used in the treatment of  multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) on glycaemic levels. This study therefore assessed changes in glycated haemoglobin levels in patients with MDR-TB.
Materials and Methods: This longitudinal study involved 21 MDR-TB patients who were followed up for 6 months. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level of each patient was determined before the  commencement of MDR-TB drug regimen and at 2, 4 and 6 months post treatment as part of a study which investigated them every 2 months. Differences in means were assessed using the paired Student’s t-test and statistical significance was set at P<0.05.
Results: A patient had undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) with an HbA1c value of 6.5% and died before the second month sample collection; another patient became critically ill; therefore, 19 patients completed the study. Before the commencement of MDR-TB therapy, two patients had pre-diabetes with HbA1c values of 6.0% and 5.8% while the HbA1c values of the remaining patients were less than 5.7%. There was a significant reduction in the mean HbA1c level at 2 months post therapy compared with the baseline. However, the HbA1c levels increased slightly after the 2nd month of therapy but no significant change was observed in the HbA1c levels at 4 and 6 months of MDR-TB therapy compared with baseline.
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is not common among Nigerians with MDR-TB and MDR-TB drug  regimen might have an acute effect on glycaemic changes in patients with MDR-TB.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Glycaemic change, Glycated haemoglobin, Multidrug resistant tuberculosis therapy

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Glycated haemoglobin levels in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis infection during 6 months of treatment

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Isolation of Enterovirus from Feacal Samples of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Maiduguri, Nigeria

BS Oderinde, MM Baba, MU Nwodo, J Ladan, PE Ghamba, MT Akinola, AM Kadai

 

Abstract

In this study, 150 patients were recruited out of which 63(42%) were male while 87(58%) were female subjects. Patients with type 1 diabetes were 2(1.3%), those with type 2 were 142(94.7%) while those with GDM were 4(4%). Only one sample from type 2 was positive by virus isolation and identified to be Echovirus 1 and 21 by microneutralization tests as described in WHO polio laboratory manual, 2004. It has been demonstrated that enterovirus infections were significantly more common in recently diagnosed diabetic patients, compared to control subjects. The question if enterovirus could cause beta cell damage and diabetes mellitus has become more and more relevant when recent studies have provided new evidence supporting this scenario especially in type 1 diabetes. This is an important issue since it opens the possibility to develop new, preventive and therapeutic strategies to fight the disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate if enterovirus can be isolated from the stool samples of diabetic patients as a study.

Key words: Isolation, enteroviruses, faeces, diabetes mellitus, patient

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Isolation of Enterovirus from Feacal Samples of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Maiduguri, Nigeria