The characterization of multidrug resistant type 1 S-fimbriated Escherichia coli from women with recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIS) in Bangladesh

M. K. Hasan, F. Momtaz, M.J. Foysal, M.H. Ali, K. Islam, S.H. Prodhan

 

Abstract

Background: Escherichia coli is a bacterial species that is most frequently associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) worldwide. Recurrent UTIs (RUTIs) pose a major threat to health, especially in women. However, studies on the pathogenic potentials of E. coli isolates associated with RUTIs has yet to be done. The present study was designed to characterize the isolates of E. coli from women, suffering from repeated UTIs in Bangladesh.
Methods: A total of 15 isolates of E. coli, collected from women with RUTIs in the Sylhet city of Bangladesh, were analyzed by a series of biochemical and molecular tests.
Results: The PCR amplification of the mannose-resistant type 1 S-fimbriae gene (sfa1) confirmed all sfa1+ isolates of E. coli. In an antibiogram assay, all the isolates of E. coli were found to be completely resistant to at least five of the ten commercial antibiotics and drug resistance were found to be correlated with the weight of the RUTIs patient. Analysis of the 16S rRNA data of the two most drug-resistant and clinically significant isolates were found to be clustered with the drug-resistant UTI-causing E. coli isolates, circulated in India.
Conclusions: This study could pave the way of RUTIs diagnosis and treatment strategy for women in Bangladesh.

Keywords: RUTIs, E. coli, sfa1, multidrug-resistant isolates, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, correlation analysis.

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The characterization of multidrug resistant type 1 S-fimbriated Escherichia coli from women with recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIS) in Bangladesh

Cross-seasonal analysis of bacteriological profile of water sources as a disease risk measure

S.T. Odonkor, K.K. Addo

 

Abstract

Water is a natural resource and is essential to sustain life. Poor drinking water quality is the cause of several diseases. The aim of this paper was to investigate bacteriological profile of water sources as a measure of disease risk, aimed at providing useful information towards rural water resources management. Five hundred and twenty bacterial isolates (520) were obtained from waters samples collected during the period of study. Majority of the Isolates (305) representing 58.65% of the total were obtained during the dry season, as against (205) representing 41.35% in the rainy season. There was a statistical differences (P> 0.05) of the microbes isolated seasonally. The highest occurring was Klebsiella spp. (9.83±6.99, P> 0.05) in the dry season and the least Shigella spp. P> 0.05. Furthermore dam water sources was observed to poses a high disease risk among the five water sources investigated, whiles borehole water sources possess a lower diseases risk. An alarming observation was the presences of bacteria of public health importance in the water sources. These included Shigella spp. (dysentery), Salmonella typhi(typhoid fever and acute diarrhoeal infection), Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever), and Vibrio cholerea (cholera). In a nutshell, to reduce the level of bacterial contamination of drinking water sources there should be an incessant education on issues such as: environmental awareness, (cultivation sanitation habits and ensure that their surroundings and water sources are not indiscriminately polluted), causes, modes of transmission and prevention of water and sanitation related diseases.

Keywords: E. coli, water, Public health and disease

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Cross-seasonal analysis of bacteriological profile of water sources as a disease risk measure

 

Distribution and types of water-borne bacterial pathogens in River Sokoto, Nigeria and their health implication

M.I.O. Raji, Y.J. Oyeniyi

 

Abstract

The quality of water from River Sokoto was assessed to determine its bacterial load and types. Standard bacteriological techniques were used to perform the total heterotrophic bacteria, faecal coliform and enterococci counts of water samples collected from six sampling points on the river and distribution of bacteria in the water samples was also determined using standard procedures. The study indicated high heterotrophic bacteria, faecal coliform and enterococci counts above permissible limits for drinking and recreational waters according to World Health Organization (WHO) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). A total of 434 bacteria organisms were isolated comprising nineteen different species. Among the Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, which are human pathogenic organisms, had the highest percentage (11.98%) followed by Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies pneumonia. Pseudomonas aeruginosaconstituted the majority of non-Enterobacteriaceae Gram negative organisms. Staphylococcus aureus was the highest among the Gram positive organisms followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus (5.99%). Other isolates in significant numbers are Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Elizabethkingia meningoseptica and Aeromonas sobria. Bacteria of aquatic habitat like Providencia rettgeri, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Staphylococcus cohnii subspecies urealyticus and Staphylococcus chromogenes that have not been isolated before in the study area were also isolated. River Sokoto predominantly contained E. coli which is an indication of faecal contamination and that makes it unsuitable for drinking and agricultural uses. People in the area should be encouraged to practice adequate sanitation.

Key words: River Sokoto, water quality, bacterial pathogens, E. coli, health implication.

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Distribution and types of water-borne bacterial pathogens in River Sokoto, Nigeria and their health implication

Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Strains of Escherichia coli in Drinking Water Samples from Mowe Metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria

SA Adenodi, NE Oyejide, SO Fayemi, F Ayoade

 

Abstract

A measured Escherichia coli level in drinking water is perhaps the most popular means of determining human health risks globally. Water samples from wells, boreholes and sachet water, the 3 predominant sources of drinking water in the study area were evaluated for the presence of bacteria, particularly E coli. Bacteria isolation was done using standard microbiological procedures while identification of isolates was done using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Enumeration of standard plate count was done by spread plate method on serially diluted water samples. The prevalence of E coli in the water samples and the activities of cefoxitin, fusidic acid, meticillin, penicillin and vancomycin against the E coli isolates and the susceptibility testing data were obtained using Kirby Bauer method. A total of six bacteria species Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes were isolated from water samples obtained from borehole, well and sachet water samples in the study area. The mean bacteria counts ranged between 3.74 x 104 to 1.65 x 102 CFU/ml for well and borehole water and 0.81 to 5.1 x 102 CFU/ml for sachet water samples. Out of the 6 E coli strains representing 27.2% of the isolated bacteria species; two, representing 33.3% of the strains
showed moderate to high resistance against meticillin. These findings are expected to motivate public health stakeholders in the study location to attempt reducing the growing resistance of pathogenic bacteria in the environment, and their ecotoxic effects.

Key words: antibiotic resistance, meticillin, water quality, E. coli

 

Un niveau d’Escherichia coli mesurées dans l’eau potable est peut-être le moyen le plus populaire de la détermination des risques pour la santé humaine à l’échelle mondiale. Des échantillons d’eau de puits, de forages et de l’eau de sachet, les trois principales sources d’eau potable dans la zone d’étude ont été évalués pour la présence de bactéries, en particulier E. coli. L’isolement de bactéries a été effectué en utilisant des procédures microbiologiques standard tandis que l’identification des isolats a été effectuée à l’aide des caractéristiques culturelles, morphologiques et biochimiques. Énumération de nombre de plaque standard a été effectuée par la méthode de la plaque de propagation sur des échantillons d’eau dilués en série. La prévalence de E. coli dans les échantillons d’eau et les activités de la céfoxitine, l’acide fusidique, la méticilline, la pénicilline et
de la vancomycine contre les isolats de E. coli et les données de tests de sensibilité ont été obtenus en utilisant la méthode de Kirby Bauer. Un total de six espèces de bactéries :Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus,  Enterobacter aerogenes ont été isolés à partir d’échantillons d’eau provenant de puits, de forage et des échantillons d’eau de sachet dans la zone d’étude. Les bactéries, les valeurs moyennes se situaient entre 3,74 x 104 à 1,65 x 102 UFC / ml pour le bien et l’eau de forage et de 0,81 à 5,1 x 102 UFC / ml pour les échantillons d’eau de sachet. Sur les 6 souches d’E.coli représentant 27,2% des espèces de bactéries isolées ; deux (33,3 %) des souches ont montré une résistance modéré à haute à la pénicilline. Ces résultats devraient inciter les intervenants en santé publique dans le lieu de l’étude de tenter de réduire la résistance croissante des bactéries  pathogènes dans l’environnement et leurs effets écotoxiques.

Mots clés: Résistance aux antibiotiques, pénicilline, qualité l’eau, E. coli.

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Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Strains of Escherichia coli in Drinking Water Samples from Mowe Metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria