Posted on

Antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains at Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo and the therapeutic consequences

1,2Mieret, T., 1,3Ontsira Ngoyi, E. N., 1,4Aloumba, A., 1, 4Ossibi Ibara, B. R., and 1,5Odzebe, A. W. S.

1Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo

2National Public Health Laboratory, Brazzaville, Congo

3Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo

4Department of Infectious Diseases, Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo

5Department of Urology, Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo

*Correspondence to: tmieret@gmail.com; Tel: 00242068806913

Abstract:
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a very frequent reason for consultations and antibiotic prescriptions in everyday practice. Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics is responsible for the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of isolation and antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated in the bacteriology-virology laboratory of the University Hospital Centre (CHU) in Brazzaville, Congo. Continue reading “Antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains at Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo and the therapeutic consequences”

Posted on

Phenotypic and molecular identification of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella species isolated from apparently healthy broilers and zoo birds in Cameroon

*1Nelly, Z. Z., 2Oladele, O. A., 3,4Djim-Adjim-Ngana, K., 4Mouliom, M. M. M., 4,5Dah, I., and 6Josiane, N. M. C.

1Avian Medicine Program, Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (Including Health and Agriculture), Ibadan, Nigeria

2Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

3Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, P. O. Box 13033, Yaounde, Cameroon

4Department of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P. O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon

5National Veterinary Laboratory (LANAVET), P. O. Box 503 Garoua, Cameroon

6School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, The University of Ngaoundere, P. O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon

*Correspondence to: zimbinelly93@gmail.com

Abstract:
Background: Knowledge of antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria in food and pet birds in our environment is a prerequisite to effective control of bacterial diseases in humans and other food animals. Particularly, there is a dearth of information on the prevalence of resistant bacteria in pet and zoo birds in Cameroon. This study was carried out to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp isolates in apparently healthy poultry and zoo birds in Cameroon and to phenotypically and genotypically identify extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) isolates in the poultry and aviary birds. Continue reading “Phenotypic and molecular identification of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella species isolated from apparently healthy broilers and zoo birds in Cameroon”

Posted on

Antibiotic susceptibility of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in a hospital setting in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A twelve-year retrospective analysis

[1]*Kafando, H., 1Ouattara, M., 1Kienou, M., 1Coulidiaty, Y. D., 1Ouattara, K., 1Ouédraogo, R., 1Sawadogo, M., 1Guira, C., 3,4Ouédraogo, A. S., [2],5Sanou, I., and 1,2Sangaré, L.

 

1Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, 03 BP 7022, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso

2Training and Research Unit in Health Science, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

3National Reference Laboratory for the Control of Antimicrobial Resistance (NRL-AMR), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

4National Institute of Health Sciences, NAZI BONI University, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

5Laboratory Department, Tengandogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso *Correspondence to: hervekafando7@gmail.com; 0022676146695

 

Abstract:

 Background: Escherichia coli is the main bacterium responsible for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI). The increasing frequency of antibiotic resistance in E. coli isolates from UTI poses concern in their therapeutic management. The aim of this study is to describe the current antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli clinical isolates at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital of Ouagadougou (CHUYO), Burkina Faso, with a view to revising the treatment protocols for bacterial UTI. Continue reading “Antibiotic susceptibility of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in a hospital setting in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A twelve-year retrospective analysis”

Posted on

The role of Escherichia coli in the etiology of piglet diarrhea in selected pig producing districts of central Uganda

*1Obala, T., 2Arojjo, S. O., 1Afayoa, M., 1Ikwap, K., and 1Erume, J.

1College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda 2College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda *Correspondence to obala.tonny14@gmail.com; +256773884308

Abstract:
Background: Pig production in Uganda is highly constrained by rampant piglet mortalities with diarrhea being a key feature. The present study was conducted to determine possible involvement of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as agents of diarrhea in piglets and elucidate the factors for their spread and virulence, towards development of mitigation strategies in the smallholder pig value chains in Uganda. Continue reading “The role of Escherichia coli in the etiology of piglet diarrhea in selected pig producing districts of central Uganda”

Posted on

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli among paediatric patients with urinary tract infection in St. Patricks’ Hospital, Mile Four, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Iroha, I. R., Onyia, U., *Moses, I. B., Ejikeugwu, C. P., Nwakaeze, A. E., and Ugbo, E. N.
Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria *Correspondence to: ben_iyke70@yahoo.com

Abstract:
Background: The extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains which have been implicated in septicaemia among hospitalized children is a serious concern due to their high resistance rates to commonly used antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of urinary ESBL-producing E. coli in paediatric patients who had clinical evidence of urinary tract infections (UTI). Methodology: Clean catch specimens of urine collected from 100 eligible paediatric patients with clinical evidence of UTI in St. Patricks’ Hospital, Mile Four, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, were cultured for isolation of E. coli using standard bacteriological techniques. Isolates were confirmed for ESBL production by double disk synergy test (DDST), and antibiotic susceptibility of the ESBL-producing ones was determined by the modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Twenty one (21%) E. coli were isolated out of which 11 (52 %) were ESBL producers, all of which were totally resistant (100%) to cefotaxime, ticarcillin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 85% to aztreonam and 83% to ceftazidime. The multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) values ranged from 0.4 to 0.9, which implies high usage of antimicrobials Conclusion: The high prevalence of multi-drug resistant ESBL-producing E. coli obtained in this study shows that there has been overuse (abuse or misuse) of antibiotics in the study area. There is need for antimicrobial stewardship programme that will ensure prudent use of antimicrobial agents to forestall the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria.

Keywords: Paediatrics, Escherichia coli, ESBL, urine, multi-drug resistance

Received February 8, 2019; Revised May 23, 2019; Accepted May 24, 2019
Copyright 2019 AJCEM Open Access. This article is licensed and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrition 4.0 International License (//creativecommmons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.

Profils de prévalence et de résistance aux antibiotiques d’Escherichia coli produisant des β-lactamases à spectre étendu chez des patients pédiatriques présentant une infection des voies urinaires à l’hôpital St. Patricks, Mile Four, Abakaliki, État d’Ebonyi, Nigéria

Iroha, I. R., Onyia, U. * Moses, I. B., Ejikeugwu, C. P., Nwakaeze, A. E., et Ugbo, E. N.
Département de microbiologie appliquée, Faculté des sciences, Université d’Ebonyi, Abakaliki, Nigéria *Correspondance à: ben_iyke70@yahoo.com

Abstrait:
Contexte: Les souches d’Escherichia coli productrices de bêta-lactamase à spectre étendu (BLSE) qui ont été impliquées dans la septicémie chez les enfants hospitalisés constituent un grave problème en raison de leur taux de résistance élevé aux agents antimicrobiens couramment utilisés. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la prévalence et la sensibilité aux antibiotiques d’E. coli producteurs de BLSE dans l’urine chez les patients pédiatriques présentant des signes cliniques d’infections des voies urinaires (UTI). Méthodologie: Des échantillons d’urine prélevés chez 100 patients pédiatriques éligibles présentant des signes cliniques d’UTI à l’hôpital St. Patricks, à Mile Four, à Abakaliki, dans l’État d’Ebonyi, ont été cultivés pour l’isolement de E. coli à l’aide de techniques bactériologiques classiques. Les isolats ont été confirmés pour la production de BLSE par un test de synergie à double disque (DDST) et la sensibilité aux antibiotiques des producteurs de BLSE a été déterminée par la méthode de diffusion sur disque de Kirby Bauer modifiée. Résultats: Vingt et un (21%) E. coli ont été isolés, dont 11 (52%) étaient des producteurs de BLSE, qui étaient tous totalement résistants (100%) au céfotaxime, à la ticarcilline et au sulfaméthoxazole-triméthoprime, 85% à l’aztréonam et au 83 % en ceftazidime. Les valeurs de l’indice de résistance multiple aux antibiotiques (MARI) allaient de 0,4 à 0,9, ce qui implique une utilisation élevée d’antimicrobiens Conclusion: La prévalence élevée d’E. coli productrice de BLSE résistante à plusieurs médicaments obtenue dans cette étude montre qu’il y a eu surutilisation (abus ou abus). ) d’antibiotiques dans la zone d’étude. Un programme de gestion des antimicrobiens est nécessaire pour garantir une utilisation prudente des agents antimicrobiens afin de prévenir l’émergence et la propagation de bactéries multirésistantes aux médicaments

Mots-clés: pédiatrie, Escherichia coli, BLSE, urine, multirésistance

Download full journal in PDF below

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli among paediatric patients with urinary tract infection in St. Patricks’ Hospital, Mile Four, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Posted on

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in an apparently healthy population and its relation to hypertension

B.W. Odetoyin, O Olaniran, D.O. Afolayan, I.A. Aderibigbe, O Alaka, A.A. Onanuga

 

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major health problem in sub-Sahara Africa. Several studies have suggested a role of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in the aetiology of hypertension, but there is a dearth of information on this association in Africa where the burden of hypertension is high. We investigated the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, its association with hypertension and determined the antibiotic resistance patterns of implicated bacterial isolates in an urban community of Ile-Ife.

Methods: One hundred and seventy-four apparently healthy individuals were investigated for ASB. Relevant information was obtained from them with standard proforma. Their Blood pressure was measured with a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. All samples were processed on cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient medium and chocolate agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique.

Results:Fifty (28.7%) individuals were positive for ASB. ASB was commonly detected among the female subjects (X2=5.619; p-value = 0.01777), and among individuals in the age group of 50 59 years. Those that were hypertensive were two and a half times more likely to have ASB (Odd ratio=2.5; p-value=0.01369; CI=1.19-5.35). The highest percentage of hypertensive female participants with ASB was found in the age group of 30-39 years (33.3%) while among the male participants, the highest percentage was found in the age group of 60-69 years (9.5%). Escherichia coli (n=13; 26%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=13; 26%) were the commonest organisms implicated in ASB. The majority of the isolates (>90%) were multidrug resistant. Isolates of Escherichia coli were commonly resistant to ampicillin (83.3%), ceftriaxone (72.7%) and cefepime (66.7%). Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were all (100%) resistant to erythromycin, cloxacillin and streptomycin. All isolates were least resistant to cotrimoxazole (<8%).

Conclusion: Women as well as men in the age group of 50-59 years were more likely to develop ASB. ASB could be contributing to the rising incidence of hypertension in this environment. Co-occurrence of hypertension and ASB portends a grave problem for apparently healthy individuals in this environment.

Keywords: Asymptomatic bacteriuria, Hypertension, Escherichia coli, healthy individuals, urban community

Download full journal in PDF below

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in an apparently healthy population and its relation to hypertension

Posted on

Radiation sensitivity of water- borne multi drug resistant Escherichia coli

S.T. Odonkor, K.K. Addo

 

Abstract

The spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in the environment is recognized widely as an important public health issue, with concerns about future ability to treat infectious diseases. The main risk to public health is that the resistance genes are transferred from environmental bacteria to human pathogens. Safe water is one of the most important needs in public health in the twenty first century. Radiation sensitivity (D10) is defined as the radiation dose (kGy) required to reduce the number of that  microorganism by 10-fold. The aim of this paper is to determine the association between multiple antibiotic resistance and radiation sensitivity (D10).Four hundred and sixty four (464) water samples were collected for assessment. E. coli isolation and identification were done using API 20E, and a PCR based DNA STRIP technology that allows simultaneous detection of virulence genes and confirmation of E. coli isolates. Antibiotic  susceptibility testing was also conducted using the Kirby-bauer method. Radiation sensitivity was done using a cobalt 60 source. Sixty-three percent (63%) of the multidrug resistant E. colistrains recorded a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value of >0.2. The mean radiation sensitivity (D10) of the E. coli isolates is 0.33±0.11 kGy. The study confirmed a high prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistances in E. coli isolates. Lastly, there is no association between multiple antibiotic resistant indexes and radiation sensitivity (D10) of antibiotic resistant E. coli.

Keywords: Antibiotics, Escherichia coli, water-borne, multi drug resistant  radiation, Sensitivity.

Download full journal in PDF below

Radiation sensitivity of water- borne multi drug resistant Escherichia coli

 

Posted on

Molecular characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamase among clinical multidrug resistant Escherichia Coli in two hospitals of Niamey, Niger

A. M. Fody, T. S Bagré, A. K. Traoré, A Yacouba, R. Dembelé, L. Boubou, A. Inoussa, R. Sidikou, A. S. Traoré, A. Gassama-Sow, N. Barro

 

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the multiple ESBL genes in Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated in various biological samples in two hospitals of Niamey.
Methodology: A total of 195 multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli were included in the study. These isolates were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of the presence of bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla SHV and bla OXA-1 beta-lactamase genes.
Results: A total of 27.7% of Escherichia coli isolates were ESBL producing strains. Globaly, the bla TEM gene was the most prevalent (70.3%) followed by bla CTX-M (43.1%), bla OXA-1 (31.8%) and bla SHV (4.1%) genes. The four genes type of ESBL were founded simultaneously only in stool samples. Furthermore, none bla SHV gene was found in other samples type.
Conclusion: This study showed the presence of various ESBL genes among clinical MDR Escherichia coli. That is why a rational use of antibiotic and appropriate methods of screening ESBL genes in routine laboratories in Niger is needed to control the ESBL genes dissemination.

Keywords: MDR ,Escherichia coli, ESBL, bla genes, PCR, Niamey, Niger.

 

Caracterisation moleculaire des betalactamases a spectre etendu chez les souches de Escherichia coli multi resistantes dans deux hopitaux de Niamey, au Niger

Objectifs: Le but de cette étude était d’identifier les multiples gènes de BLSE chez les souches de Escherichia coli multi résistantes isolées de différents types d’échantillons biologiques dans deux hôpitaux de Niamey.
Méthodologie : Un total de 195 Escherichia coli multi résistants a été inclus dans l’étude. Ces isolats ont été testés par la réaction de polymérase en chaîne (PCR) pour détecter la présence des gènes bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla SHV et bla OXA-1.
Résultats : Au total, 27,7% des isolats de Escherichia coli multi-résistants étaient des souches productrices de BLSE. Globalement le gène blaTEM (70,3%) était le plus détecté suivi des autres gènes bla CTX-M (43,1%), bla OXA-1 (31,8%) et bla SHV (4,1%). Notons que seul dans les échantillons de selles quatre types de gènes de BLSE ont été trouvés simultanément. Par ailleurs notons qu’aucun gène de type bla SHV n’a été trouvé dans les autres types d’échantillons.
Conclusion : Cette étude avait montré la présence de divers gènes de BLSE chez les souches cliniques de Escherichia coli. C’est pourquoi une utilisation rationnelle des antibiotiques et des méthodes appropriées de dépistage des gènes de BLSE dans les laboratoires sont nécessaires afin de contrôler la diffusion des gènes de BLSE.

Mots clés : Escherichia coli multi résistantes, BLSE, gènes bla, PCR, Niamey, Niger

Download full journal in PDF below

Molecular characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamase among clinical multidrug resistant Escherichia Coli in two hospitals of Niamey, Niger

Posted on

The etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urinary tract infections at a private Nigerian teaching hospital in South West Nigeria

C.J. Elikwu, E.O. Shobowale, O.Y. Oluyemi, D.O. Afolabi, D.A. Aderinto, K.I. Onyedibe, A.U. Solarin

 

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI’s) are among the commonest bacterial infectious disease in clinical practice with a wide range of etiologic agents. It frequently occurs in both the hospital and the community.

Aims/Objectives: To determine the etiology of UTI at BUTH and obtain data on their susceptibility and resistance patterns.

Methods: This was a prospective analysis of data on patients with UTI obtained from in and outpatients over a six month period. Samples had been obtained by clean catch mid-stream urine or suprapubic aspiration. The organisms had been
identified by biochemical methods with susceptibility and resistance testing performed. Data analysis was with EPI-INFO version 3.5.1

Results: There were a total of 200 urine samples that had positive growth. Prevalent organisms were Escherichia coli (48%) and Klebsiella spp (24%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (10%) and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (6.5%). The risk factors for UTI were female gender (p = 0.00), Diabetes mellitus (p = 0.03) and genitourinary surgery (p = 0.04). Effective antibiotics in-vitro to Escherichia coli were Nitrofurantoin and Cefepime at 84.8% and 92.3% respectively; while Cotrimoxazole performed poorly (32.5% susceptibility).

Conclusion: Urinary tract infections are an important cause of morbidity in our environment and inaccuracies in diagnosis will prolong morbidity and may lead to costly and unsafe treatments.The prevalent pathogens in our environment are the Gram negative bacilli, Escherichia coli andKlebsiella pneumoneae. Nitrofurantoin retains efficacy to both urinary pathogens.

Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection, Catheterization, Escherichia coli, Risk factors, Nitrofurantoin

Download full journal in PDF below

The etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urinary tract infections at a private Nigerian teaching hospital in South West Nigeria

Posted on

Prevalence and Susceptibility Patterns of Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli to Various Antimicrobials in A Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in South-South Nigeria

NC Oreha, CO Esimone, OL Ekwunife

 

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli as an aetiologic agent in bacterial infections and its antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, perfloxacin, gentamycin and cotrimoxazole as a guide for empiric therapy. A retrospective study was carried out using a clinical microbiology laboratory in Nigeria. Data retrieved include number of E. coli isolates, sources of the isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility to various fluoroquinolones, gentamycin and cotrimoxazole between 2005 and 2009. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 14, Chicago IL. Out of a total of 906 bacterial isolates, E. coli accounted for 23 % (211) of the isolates. Thirty-eight percent (38.39 %) was isolated from urine samples, 27.96 % from high vaginal swab samples, 24.17 % from stool samples, 0.95% from urethra swabs, 1.9% from wound swabs and 6.6% from semen samples. There was poor level of susceptibility to norfloxacin (2.2%) and cotrimoxazole (23.7%), susceptibility to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin were 51.1%, 54.7% and 52.5% respectively, that of gentamycin was 51.8%. The trends across the years showed a significant increase in susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and ofloxacin in 2007 after which it started reducing, while norfloxacin’s susceptibility was low across the five years with maximum susceptibility at 9.1% in 2006. There was an increase in susceptibility to gentamycin as the susceptibility levels of the  fluoroquinolones were reducing. There should be continuous surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and empiric treatment with fluoroquinolones discouraged, especially for non urinary tract infections.

KEYWORDS: Antimicrobial susceptibility, Nigeria, Escherichia coli, fluoroquinolones, gentamycin

Download full journal in PDF below

Prevalence and Susceptibility Patterns of Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli to Various Antimicrobials in A Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in South-South Nigeria