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Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes among apparently healthy women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology in Kaduna State, Nigeria

*[1]Adejo, D. S., [2]Aminu, M., 2 Ella, E. E., 1Oguntayo, O. A., and [3]Obishakin, O. F

1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria

2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

3Institute of Human Virology Nigeria (IHVN), Jos Regional Office, Plateau State, Nigeria *Correspondence to: adedansteve@gmail.com; Tel: 08036057990

 

Abstract:                                                                                                                   

Background: About 99.7% of cervical dysplasia and cancer cases are caused by persistent genital high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection. Most HPV infections are subclinical and self-limiting but may persist in about 5 to 10% of infected women, resulting in pre-cancerous lesions that can progress to invasive cancer years later. This study is aimed at detecting hrHPV among apparently healthy women of reproductive age in Kaduna State, thus providing more information for effective control of HPV and cervical cancer in Nigeria.

Methodology: Cervical smears were taken from 515 randomly selected apparently healthy women across selected secondary and tertiary facilities from 3 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in each Senatorial Zone of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) technique was used to collect cervical smears and prepare smears for cytology study, while the remaining samples were stored at -80oC for molecular studies. HPV DNA were extracted from the samples and amplified by convectional PCR using specific hrHPV (HPV 16,18,31 and 45) primer sets and a broad spectrum MY09/11 and GP5+/6+ primers for a wider range of HPV genotypes. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 and relationship between prevalence of hrHPV and socio-demographic factors such as age and marital status were determined using Chisquare or Fisher Exact test with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Continue reading “Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes among apparently healthy women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology in Kaduna State, Nigeria”

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Comparative HPV genotype distribution among women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology in Yaoundé, Cameroon

*1Mbimenyuy, C. M., 1Cho, J. F., 2Mugyia, A. E., 3Ikomey, G. M., 4,5Tebit, D. M., and 6Nota, D. A.

1Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, P. O. Box 63, Buea, University of Buea, South West Region, Cameroon

2Department of Virology Centre Pasteur Du Cameroun

3Centre for Studies and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD), FMBS-University of Yaoundé 1, Box 8445, Yaoundé, Cameroon

4HIV/AIDS and Global Health Research Program, and Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa

5Global Biomed Scientific LLC, P.O. Box 2368, Forest, VA 24551, USA

6Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon

*Correspondence to: cmbimenyuy@yahoo.com

 

Abstract:

Background: The epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the pattern of HPV genotype distribution are parameters needed to assess the risk of cervical cancer. Oncogenic HPV types are well-known pathogen for lower genital tract neoplasias, representing the primary cause of cancer death in Africa and the second in Cameroon. This study was conducted to identify the various genotypes particularly the high-risk HPV types in normal and abnormal cervical cytology from women in Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Methodology: This was a hospital-based, analytical cross-sectional study carried out on 226 symptomatic women wherein cervico-vaginal samples were obtained during gynaecological examination for Pap smears, HPV-DNA and genotype detection with linear array HPV strip, conducted from November 2019 to January 2021. Continue reading “Comparative HPV genotype distribution among women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology in Yaoundé, Cameroon”

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Molecular study of Helicobacter pylori virulence genes CagA, Hpa and BabA2 in Egyptian patients

M.E.S. Zaki, M.A. Rizk, A.O. Bakr, Mahmoud Mahmoud, M.A. Ali, A Shehta

 

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to detect virulence genes of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) cagA, babA2 and hpa in gastric biopsies from patients with different stages of gastritis by polymerase chain reaction to correlate the presence of genes with the severity of the diseases.

Method: A total of 80 non repetitive gastric biopsies from antrum of the stomach were obtained from the patients and subjected to study for histological examination, unease activity, culture for H.pylori, and polymerase chain reaction studies of virulence genes cagA, babA2 and hpa.

Results: The most frequent detected gene by PCR was hpa (66.7%) and followed by cagA and babA2 (61.6%) for each. There was significant association between the three genes (P=0.0001). The study of the association between the virulence gene of H.pylori and different clinical symptoms revealed significant association of dyspepsia with cagA(P=0.001) babA2 and hpa (P=0.0001), regurgitation with cagA and babA2( P=0.002),vomiting with cagA and babA2 (P=0.01, P=0.002, respectively) and nausea with cagA and babA2 (P=0.0001, P=0.03, respectively). The virulence genes were detected in gastric ulcer. The degree of inflammation in histopathological examination was also statistically significant associated with the presence of virulences genes cagA (P=0.01), babA2 (p=0.0001) and hpa (P=0.0001)

The present study highlights the presence of virulence genes in H.pylori associated with gastric ulcer. The genes cagA, babA2 and hpa are prevalent among the strains affecting the patients. Moreover, these genes are associated with marked clinical and pathological severity. The genes are significantly associated with each other. Further studies are recommended to validate these findings.

Keywords: Gastritis, Genotypes, H.pylori, cagA, babA2, hpa, PCR

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Molecular study of Helicobacter pylori virulence genes CagA, Hpa and BabA2 in Egyptian patients