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Sero-prevalence of and risk factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infections among individuals with peptic ulcer in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria during 2020-2021

*1Okoroiwu, G. I. A., 2Okoroiwu, I. L., 1Ubosi, N. I., and 3Sani, N. M.

 

1Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria, Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria

 2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Imo State University Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

3Department of Microbiology, Kano State University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Kano State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: okoroiwugia@yahoo.com; 08036677539

 

Abstract:

 

Background: Helicobacter pylori, which is a causative agent of chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer, presently affects approximately one half of the world population. This study was conducted to assess the epidemiology and risk factors for acquisition of H. pylori among individuals with and without peptic ulcer symptoms in Owerri, Nigeria, in order to provide baseline data and create awareness for effective management and prevention of infection caused by this pathogen. Continue reading “Sero-prevalence of and risk factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infections among individuals with peptic ulcer in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria during 2020-2021”

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Prevalence and factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection among treatment naïve dyspeptic adults in University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria

1Odigie, A. O., *2Adewole, A. J., and 2Ekunwe, A. A.
1Department of Family Medicine, Central Hospital, Health Management Board, Benin City, Nigeria

2Department of Family Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, PMB 1111, Benin City, Nigeria *Correspondence to: afolabi.adewole74@gmail.com; +2348037222755

Abstract:

Background: Infectious diseases such as malaria, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis have received tremendous attention globally but inspite of the widespread nature of infections caused by Helicobacter pylori, little attention has been paid to it especially in the developing countries. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with H. pylori infection among dyspeptic patients attending the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.

Methodology: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study of 354 treatment naive dyspeptic patients aged 18 to 44 years, recruited consecutively after obtaining institutional ethical approval and subjects’ informed consent. A pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain subjects’ data. The stool antigen test was used to detect H. pylori infection. Continue reading “Prevalence and factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection among treatment naïve dyspeptic adults in University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria”

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Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori IgG and stool antigen detection from dyspeptic patients in Jos, Nigeria

D.O. Ombugadu, O.V. Oladele, S.C. Onuoha, O. Omisope, A. Ani

 

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is a helical shaped gram negative microaerophilic bacterium, that can inhabit various areas of the stomach. The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among dyspeptic patients attending Endoscopy unit, Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH). The prevalence of H pylori; antibodies in plasma and antigen in stool samples of 80 patients examined was studied using ELISA (DIA PRO, Italy) and ICA (BIOTEST China) respectively. Sociodemographic and clinical information was obtained through the assistance of attending  gastroenterology staff. Blood grouping was also performed by slide  agglutination test for all patients. Helicobacter pyloriIgG antibodies were detected in plasma of 28 (35%) patients of which 27 patients out of the sero-positive cases were antigen positive while Helicobacter pylori antigen was detected in the stool of 31 (38.8%) patients of which 27 patients out of the antigen positive cases were also seropositve. No significant association was found between Helicobacter pylori and age, sex, ABO blood group,  economic status, source of water and consumption of alcohol. Thus,  Helicobacter pylori seropositivity with respect to blood groups was found to be 32.6%, 46.7%, 33.3% and 33.3% in blood groups O, B, A and AB  respectively, while Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test positive results was found to be 33.3%, 33.3%, 46% and 39.5% in blood groups O, B, A and AB respectively. Hence, no statistical association was found between   Helicobacter pylori infection and blood groups of the patients (P>0.05). However, marital status was significantly associated with Helicobacter pylori antibody test (P<0.05). There is need for government to encourage people about the Helicobacter pylori screening test since it is one of the etiologic agent of ulcer.

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Jos, Peptic ulcer, Prevalence.

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Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori IgG and stool antigen detection from dyspeptic patients in Jos, Nigeria

 

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Use of stool culture as a non invasive method for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori from stool of diarrhoeic children in western Nigeria

K.S. Oyedeji, O.M. Odeniyi, O.I. Ola-Bello, S Ushie, A.A. Mustapha, O.A. Ogunbase

 

Abstract

Background: Helicobacter pylori has been associated with chronic diarrhoea, iron deficiency anaemia, growth retardation, gastric malignancies, peptic ulcer disease, and gastritis among children. Diagnosis of this infection has been invasive using biopsies while stool culture is not common or routinely practiced. This study was designed to detect and isolate H.pylori from stool of diarrhoeic children and highlight possible use of such for routine laboratory diagnosis of H.pylori infections.

Material and methods: Two hundred and sixty faecal samples obtained from diarrhoeic children were screened for H. pylori antigen, using H. pylori stool antigen test kit (HpSA) and cultured on modified DENTS medium. Cholestyramine and nitrobluetetrazolium salt were added to the stool and the medium respectively to aid isolation of H. pylori. Correlation of BMI and H. pylori infection of the children was also evaluated.

Results: Twenty-six (10%) samples showed growth on culture while 91 (35%) tested positive for H. pylori antigen. Of the 26 children with positive culture, 16 had a low BMI. HpSA has sensitivity and specificity of 11.5% and 62.4%. There was a significant association (χ2 = 12.86, df=2, P-value = 0.004) between age group of participants and use of HpSA kit.

Conclusion: Stool culture for recovery of H. pylori is feasible in our environment and diarrhoeic children should be screened for H. pylori using both HpSA and culture. H. pylori is suggested to be screened routinely especially among children having diarrhoea and are underweight. Albeit, other causes should be eliminated before concluding on the reason for the underweight.

Keywords:  Helicobacter pylori, stool culture, HpSA, BMI, Cholestyramine, Nitrobluetetrazolium salt

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Use of stool culture as a non invasive method for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori from stool of diarrhoeic children in western Nigeria

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Diagnostic accuracy of rapid urease test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori gastic biopsies in Nigerian with dyspepsia

AC Jemilohun, JA Otegbayo, SO Ola, AO Oluwasola, A Akere

 

Abstract

Background: The strong association of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with dyspepsia has caused a major paradigm shift in patients’ management. It has been observed that histology is usually employed as the routine test for the diagnosing H. pylori in centres where  Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) is available in Nigeria. Because of the drawbacks attendant to the use of histology, in terms of cost effectiveness and technical expertise, it is necessary to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a simpler alternative for ease of management of patients with dyspepsia.
Objective: This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of rapid urease test (RUT) in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in patients with dyspepsia.
Methods: Eighty-six consecutive adult patients with dyspeptic symptoms presenting for endoscopy were recruited after giving informed consent. Gastric antral biopsies were collected at endoscopy for RUT and histology. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) of RUT was calculated using histology as the reference
standard.
Results: Of the 86 subjects, there were 39 (45.3%) males and 47(54.7%) females. The mean age was 49.19±13.75 years. The age range was 23 to 85 years. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of RUT was 93.33%, 75.6 %, 80.76 %, and 91.17 % respectively.
Conclusion: RUT is accurate for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Its use will serve as a good alternative to histology in management of patients with dyspepsia in resource poor environments, except in patients who need histology for reasons other than H. Pylori diagnosis.

Key words: Dyspepsia, Helicobacter pylori, Rapid Urease test, Histology.

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Diagnostic accuracy of rapid urease test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori gastic biopsies in Nigerian with dyspepsia