Posted on

Hepatitis B immunization at the University College Hospital, Ibadan: an eight year review of vaccine administration records

SO Ola, A Akere, JA Otegbayo, F Omokhodion, AA Olofin, EA Bamgboye

 

Abstract

Vaccination of health care workers (HCWs) against hepatitis (HBV) infection is highly necessary in Nigeria where the infection occurs in hperendemic proportions. We hereby determine the trends in the administration of HBV vaccine at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria. The study reviewed the records for the administration of vaccine against HBV at the Staff Medical Services Department of UCH, Ibadan, Nigeria, from 1994 to 2001. A total of 1,437 subjects consisting of 686 (47.7%) males and 751 (52.3 %) females were vaccinated against HBV from 1994 to 2001. They were aged 16 to 64 years and consisted of 356 students (24.8%) and 1081 healthcare workers (HCWs) (75.2%) which comprised Doctors (30.9%), Dentists (1.9%), Paramedics (19.6%), Non-medics (14.6%) and subjects with undisclosed occupational category ((10.7%). About 11% to 100% of the subjects had annual prescreening for HBsAg sero-negativity from 1996 to 2001 but none had post vaccination assay of anti-HBs titre. All the subjects received 1st dose of 0, 1, 2 accelerated HBV vaccination schedule while on annual basis, 16.7% to 91.8% of the subjects received the 3rd dose of the vaccine. Despite the proportional participation of the different occupational groups was highest among the doctors and dentists but lowest among the paramedics, only 59.7% of all the vaccinees had three dose(s) of the vaccine during the 8 year period. In conclusion, although the HBV vaccination programme had shortcomings, it is an established practice at UCH, Ibadan and efforts should be made to improve on its prevailing standard.

Keywords: Immunization, HBV, Healthcare Workers, Nigerians, UCH, Ibadan.

Download full journal in PDF below

Hepatitis B immunization at the University College Hospital Ibadan an eight year review of vaccine administration records

Posted on

Infant immunization coverage in difficult-to-reach area of Lagos metropolis

A Adeiga, SA Omilabu, RA Audu, FA Sanni, GF Lakehinde, O Balogun, O Olagbaju

 

Abstract

A retrospective survey of infant immunization coverage was conducted among 210 children aged 12 to 23 months in difficult-to-reach coastal suburb of Lagos, Nigeria. This was to assess immunization coverage for BCG, DPT, OPV and measles vaccination and to investigate reasons for failure to be immunized and evaluate the drop out rate as well as missed opportunities. An EPI cluster method was used. Questionnaires were administered with WHO cluster form for infant immunization. Recall history and card records of immunization were the tools used. The result showed that 82 (39%) of the 210 children assessed were not immunized, 84 (40%) were partially immunized and only 44 (21%) were fully immunized. At one year of age, only 21 (10%) of the children completed their immunization. Observation of the follow up of vaccination showed that 65.5% of 127 children who started BCG vaccination dropped out as at the time of receiving measles vaccination. Reasons advanced for failure to immunize or complete immunization of the children included obstacles in 47.7%, lack of information 40.7% and lack of motivation in 11.6%. These factors contributed to missed opportunities. Only 9 (11%) of 82 children not vaccinated against measles attributed non vaccination to illnesses. Lack of health facilities and the terrain that is difficult to reach contributed to low coverage. Also, low literacy level, poor maternal health education, poor socioeconomic status and poor advocacy to community leaders and lack of commitment of health workers contributed to low coverage. For immunization coverage to improve in this area, these factors must be addressed.

Keywords: infant, immunization, coverage, antigens, advocacy

African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology Vol. 6 (3) 2005: 227-231

Posted on

Tetanus toxoid immunization coverage among mothers of below one year of age in difficult-to-reach area of Lagos Metropolis

A Adeiga, SA Omilabu, RA Audu, F Sanni, GP Lakehinde, O Balogun, O Olagbaju

 

Abstract

A retrospective survey of tetanus toxoid immunization coverage was conducted among 196 mothers of children less than one year of age in a difficult-to-reach area of Lagos metropolis. This was to ascertain the status of coverage among the women presumed to have been immunized with minimum of two doses of tetanus toxoid during pregnancy, estimate drop out rates, and investigate reasons for failure to be immunized and determine missed opportunities to get immunized. An interview was conducted by administering questionnaires using WHO cluster form for tetanus toxoid immunization. Recall history and immunization card review were taken as response. The results showed that with card/history criterion, 109 (55.6%) women received first dose of tetanus toxoid (TT), 80 (40.8%) received second dose and 22 (11.2%) received third dose while 87 (44.4%) were not immunized. Using the card criterion that only established valid immunization, 20 (10.2%) women received first dose and 14 (7.2%) received the second dose. With the card criterion analysis, 14 (7.2%) mothers were protected against tetanus and only 4 (2%) babies born of these mothers were protected against tetanus. A decline was observed in compliance with the regimen of vaccination. Thirty three (16.8%) of women studied missed the opportunity of getting vaccinated and 87 (79.8%) of 109 who started vaccination dropped out. Reasons advanced for failure to be immunized included lack of information accounting for 65.85%, lack of motivation was 20.4% and 13.8% as environmental factors. Poverty and lack of health facilities also contributed to the low level of immunization coverage. For TT immunization to improve in the area studied, factors impeding immunization must be addressed.

Keywords: tetanus, immunization, coverage

African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology Vol. 6 (3) 2005: 233-237