Seroprevalence of microbial organisms during routine infertility evaluation at University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria

*Osaikhuwuomwan, J. A., and Sodje, J. D. K.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin-City, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: jagbons1@yahoo.com & james.osaikhuwuomwan@uniben.edu

Abstract:
Background: The association of genital microorganism with infertility has been documented but no consensus exists. Understanding their prevalence amongst infertile clients may assist in facilitating better screening protocols. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of microorganisms routinely screened among women undergoing infertility evaluation at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Methods: A three year (January 2015 to December 2017) retrospective survey of all patients evaluated for infertility at the assisted reproduction unit of the hospital was undertaken. Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) virus and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were microorganisms serologically assayed at the unit. We analyzed data containing patients’ demography and results of serological assay of these microorganisms. Results: There were 576 patients (288 couples) who completed their microbiological evaluation during the study period. The mean age (years) of female partners was 38.2±5.7, while the mean age of the male partners was 42.7±6.1. The frequency of CMV positive assay for infertile couples was 129 (22.4%); C. trachomatis 125 (21.7%); M. hominis 92 (15.9%) and U. urealyticum 76 (13.2%). Overall, more women (50.7%) were seropositive compared to men (26%). HIV was positive in 10 patients (1.73%) with 60% being women. HBV was seropositive in 8 (1.4%) (women 62.5% and men 37.5%) while HCV was positive in only 2 (0.3%) patient. Majority (over 80%) of couples were sero-discordant with 20% (2) concordance rate for HIV and 12.5% (1) for hepatitis B. Conclusion: Despite a relatively high seroprevalence rate of the studied microorganisms, the documented uncertainty on their association with infertility or its treatment limits justification for incorporation of routine screening of microbiological organisms into standard protocols for evaluation of infertile couples. A robust study on the impact of genital microorganism on specific infertility variables with comparison to fertile controls is recommended.

Keywords: microorganism, viruses, infertility, assisted reproduction, serological assay, screening

Received March 20, 2019; Revised May 7, 2019; Accepted May 9, 2019

Copyright 2019 AJCEM Open Access. This article is licensed and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrition 4.0 International License (//creativecommmons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.

 

Séroprévalence d’organismes microbiens au cours de l’évaluation de routine de l’infertilité à l’hôpital universitaire de Benin, Benin-City, Nigéria

*Osaikhuwuomwan, J. A., and Sodje, J. D. K.
Département d’obstétrique et de gynécologie, Collège des sciences médicales, Université du Bénin, Benin-City, Nigéria

*Correspondance à: jagbons1@yahoo.com & james.osaikhuwuomwan@uniben.edu

Abstrait:
Contexte: L’association d’un microorganisme génital à l’infertilité a été documentée mais il n’y a pas de consensus. Comprendre leur prévalence chez les clients infertiles peut aider à faciliter de meilleurs protocoles de dépistage. L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la prévalence des micro-organismes régulièrement dépistés chez les femmes subissant une évaluation de la stérilité à l’hôpital universitaire de Bénin. Méthodes: Une enquête rétrospective de trois ans (de janvier 2015 à décembre 2017) sur tous les patients évalués pour l’infertilité dans l’unité de procréation assistée de l’hôpital a été entreprise. Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, cytomégalovirus (CMV), l’hépatite B (VHB), le virus de l’hépatite C (VHC) et le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH) étaient des microorganismes testés sérologiquement à l’unité. Nous avons analysé les données contenant la démographie des patients et les résultats du dosage sérologique de ces micro-organismes. Résultats: 576 patients (288 couples) ont terminé leur évaluation microbiologique au cours de la période d’étude. L’âge moyen (en années) des partenaires féminins était de 38,2 ± 5,7 ans, tandis que l’âge moyen des partenaires masculins était de 42,7 ± 6,1. La fréquence du test CMV-positif pour les couples infertiles était de 129 (22,4%); C. trachomatis 125 (21,7%); M. hominis 92 (15,9%) et U. urealyticum 76 (13,2%). Dans l’ensemble, plus de femmes (50,7%) étaient séropositives que d’hommes (26%). Le VIH était positif chez 10 patients (1,73%), dont 60% de femmes. Le VHB était séropositif chez 8 (1,4%) (les femmes 62,5% et les hommes 37,5%), tandis que le VHC était positif chez seulement 2 patients (0,3%). La majorité (plus de 80%) des couples étaient sérodiscordants avec un taux de concordance de 20% pour le VIH et de 12,5% (1) pour l’hépatite B. Conclusion: Malgré un taux de séroprévalence relativement élevé des microorganismes étudiés, l’incertitude documentée de leur l’association à l’infertilité ou à son traitement limite la justification de l’incorporation du dépistage systématique des organismes microbiologiques dans les protocoles standard d’évaluation des couples infertiles. Une étude robuste sur l’impact des microorganismes génitaux sur des variables spécifiques d’infertilité comparées aux témoins fertiles est

Mots-clés: microorganisme, virus, infertilité, procréation assistée, test sérologique, dépistage

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Seroprevalence of microbial organisms during routine infertility evaluation at University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria

 

Polymerase chain reaction versus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among gynaecological patients in southwestern Nigeria

T.A. Ajani, C.G. Anaedobe, T.A. Oluwasola, M.A. Ajani, S.A. Fayemiwo, R.A. Bakare

 

Abstract

Background:  Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), is the most common bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection, a major cause of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and female infertility. Since C. trachomatis infections are frequently asymptomatic with higher prevalence in developing countries, highly sensitive and affordable methods are desirable for routine screening and diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of C. trachomatis-specific IgG antibody by ELISA as a screening tool for C. trachomatis infection, by comparing the performance of ELISA with the gold standard Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Method: In this cross sectional study, we enrolled 150 women attending infertility clinic at Ibadan between January and November, 2015. ELISA for detection of IgG antibodies specific to C. trachomatis major outer membrane protein (MOMP) was performed on the blood samples using third generation indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and endocervical samples were analyzed for presence of C. trachomatisnucleic acid using PCR. Socio-demographic bio-data and gynaecological history were obtained with questionnaire; data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.

Results: Overall, 58 (38.7%) were positive for C. trachomatis specific IgG antibody by ELISA and 11 (7.3%) for C. trachomatis nucleic acid by PCR. Using PCR as the gold standard, ELISA had a sensitivity of 81.8% specificity of 64.8%, positive predictive value of 15.5% negative predictive value of 97.8% and accuracy of 66%.

Conclusion: The high sensitivity of the ELISA indicates that over 80% of patients identified as being positive in the screened population are truly infected. Also, the negative predictive value approaches 100% amongst those screened out as being
negative. Thus its use as a screening tool for C. trachomatis infection is warranted particularly in developing countries where cheaper and easier to use alternatives to PCR are in dire need.

Keywords: C. trachomatis, infertility, polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, sexually transmitted infections

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Polymerase chain reaction versus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among gynaecological patients in southwest