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Determination of the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of extended spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) producing and the non-esbl producing strains of Escherichia coli

Y Mohammed, GB Gadzama, SB Zailani, AA Abubakar, MM Dalhat, BS Ibrahim, AA Olufemi, U Bajoga, P Nguku

 

Abstract

Background: The extended spectrum beta lactamases producing bacteria are bacteria of great concern among Gram negative bacilli. Escherichia coli stand out as major carrier of this enzyme. The appropriate control of this resistance pattern depends on using the antimicrobial regimen of best choice. Therefore the value of the susceptibility profile of organism harboring this enzyme cannot be overemphasized.

Objectives: To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) producing and the non-ESBL producing strains of Escherichia coli from clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital.

Methodology: Confirmed variants of Escherichia coli were screened and confirmed for ESBL possession. Subsequently, modified Kirby Bauer method was utilized to test for antibiotic susceptibility using the commercially available Oxoid single disc for some major antibiotics.

Results: A total of 172 strains of Escherichia coli were identified during the study period. Out of this number; 131 were identified as ESBL positive while a total of 41 were ESBL negative. The highest sensitivity for both the ESBL positive and ESBL negative strains of Escherichia coliwas observed with Imipenem followed closely by Gentamicin.

Conclusion: The study reveals narrow choice of antibiotics for the ESBL positive isolates of Escherichia coli although Imipenem antibiotic still retains its sensitivity.

Keywords: Cephalosporins, Resistance, Maiduguri, Nigeria

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Determination of the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of extended spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) producing and the non-esbl producing strains of Esche

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Seroprevalence Survey of Rubella Antibodies among Pregnant Women in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

SO Oyinloye, CA Amama, R Daniel, BB Ajayi, MA Lawan

 

Abstract

Rubella is a vaccine- preventable viral infection. Its etiologic agent, rubella virus was identified as a human teratogen
capable of causing spectrum of birth defects described as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) if the pregnant mother is
infected within the first trimester of pregnancy. A total of 90 pregnant women attending a secondary health care
facility in Maiduguri were screened for IgM and IgG antibodies using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
kit (Cortez Diagnostics Inc. USA). Of these, 37.8% (34/90) and 83.3% (75/90) were seropositive for anti-rubella IgM (x2
Cal 5.1; p=0.05) and IgG respectively. Chi-square analysis (x2 Cal 38.38, p=0.05// x2 tab 31.41, p=0.05) revealed an
association between miscarriage and IgG antibody level in twenty-one subjects. Pregnant women within 20-24years
had the highest prevalence of 40% (36/90)( x2 Cal 4.22, p=0.05) : 44.4% (16/36) of them were seropositive for IgM (x2 Cal
4.31, p=0.05). A marked surge in IgG antibody level, which tantamount acute infection, was observed in 15.6% (14/90)(
x2 Cal 19.85, p=0.05) of the pregnant women. Pregnant women in the first trimester seropositive for anti-rubella IgM
were 36.4% (4/11), inferring that the fetuses of these women are susceptible to sequelae of rubella. This result
highlights the consequence of rubella infection and confirms continuous circulation of rubella virus in the study area.
There is need for vaccination of vulnerable population in order to ensure the control /elimination of rubella virus in
Nigeria.

Key words: Rubella virus, teratogen, antibodies, Maiduguri

 

La rubéole est une infection virale évitable par la vaccination. Son agent étiologique, virus de la rubéole a été identifié
comme un tératogène humain capable de provoquer le spectre de malformation congénitale décrite comme le
syndrome de rubéole congénitale (SRC) si la femme enceinte est infectée au cours du premier trimestre de la
grossesse. Au total, 90 femmes enceintes fréquentant un établissement de soins de santé secondaires à Maiduguri ont
été dépistées pour le dosage des anticorps IgM et IgG à l’aide de kit immunoenzymatique (ELISA) (Cortez
Diagnostics Inc. USA). Parmi elles, 37,8% (34/90) et 83,3% (75/90) étaient séropositives respectivement pour les
anticorps anti-IgM (X2 Cal. 5,1, p=0,05) et IgG de la rubéole. L’analyse Chi-carré (X2 Cal. 38,38, p=0,05 /X2Tab. 31,41,
p=0,05) a révélé une relation entre la fausse couche et le niveau d’anticorps IgG dans vingt-et-un sujets. Les femmes
enceintes de 20 à 24 ans ont eu la plus forte prévalence de 40% (36/90) (X2 Cal. 4,22, p=0,05): 44,4% (16/36) d’entre elles
étaient séropositives pour les IgM (X2 Cal. 4,31, p=0,05). Une augmentation remarquable de taux d’anticorps IgG, équivalent à l’infection aiguë, a été observée chez 15,6% (14/90) (X2 Cal. 19,85, p=0,05) de femmes enceintes.Les femmes
enceintes au premier trimestre, séropositives aux IgM anti-rubéole, ont été de 36,4% (4/11), déduisant que les foetus de
ces femmes sont sensibles aux séquelles de la rubéole. Ce résultat souligne la conséquence de la rubéole et confirme la
circulation continue du virus de la rubéole dans la zone d’étude. Il est nécessaire de vacciner la population vulnérable
afin d’assurer le contrôle et/ou l’élimination du virus de la rubéole au Nigeria.

Mots clés: virus de la rubéole, tératogènes, anticorps, Maiduguri

Article in English.

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Seroprevalence Survey of Rubella Antibodies among Pregnant Women in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria