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Emergence of clinical vanA-type vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala, Kano, Nigeria

*[1],3Abdulrahim, U., [2]Oche, D. A., [3]Kachallah, M., 4Adeshina, G. O., and 4Olayinka, B. O.

 1Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences,              Central South University, Hunan Province, China

2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of               Health Sciences Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria

3Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria                                                  4Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria                       *Correspondence to: uabdulrahim@csu.edu.cn and uabdulrahim@unimaid.edu.ng

Abstract:  

Background: The increasing prevalence of multi drug resistance (MDR) in strains of Staphylococcus aureus is a major challenge in the selection of an appropriate therapeutic agents, especially in persistent orthopaedic infections. This study investigated the patterns of antimicrobial resistance and identified the genetic determinants of resistance in S. aureus isolates from orthopaedic patients. Continue reading “Emergence of clinical vanA-type vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala, Kano, Nigeria”

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ESβL, AmpC and carbapenemase co-production in multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria from HIV-infected patients in southwestern Nigeria

*Adeyemi, F. M., and Akinde, S. B.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria *Correspondence to: folasade.adeyemi@uniosun.edu.ng; +234 803 494 0747

Abstract:
Background: The rising global emergence of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) producing β-lactam hydrolysing enzymes in clinical infections constitutes a growing public health threat. This study investigated the occurrence of co-production of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESβL), AmpC β-lactamases, and carbapenemases among GNB isolated from HIV-infected patients in two tertiary healthcare facilities in southwest Nigeria. Continue reading “ESβL, AmpC and carbapenemase co-production in multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria from HIV-infected patients in southwestern Nigeria”

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Antibiogram of Pseudomonas isolates and potential public health impact of an abattoir effluent in Benin City, Nigeria

*Odjadjare, E. E. O., and Ebowemen, M. J.

Environmental, Public Health and Bioresource Microbiology Research Group (EPHBIOMREG), Department of Biological Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, P.M.B. 1100 Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: eodjadjare@biu.edu.ng

Abstract:
Background: Bacteria from abattoir wastes are often linked to livestock carcasses previously exposed to continuous antimicrobial use and misuse; thereby creating opportunity for community spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains such as Pseudomonas spp. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiogram of Pseudomonas isolates and bacteriological quality of an abattoir effluent in lieu of its potential public health impact.

Methodology: Water samples were collected weekly for six weeks from discharge point (DP) of the abattoir effluent, effluent receiving canal confluence point (CP), and 500 m upstream (US) and 500 m downstream (DS) from points where CP made contact with the Ikpoba River, Benin City, Nigeria. Bacteria spp. were isolated, enumerated (heterotrophic bacterial plate, coliform, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas counts) and identified using standard microbiological techniques. Identity of Pseudomonas isolates was confirmed by PCR while antibiogram of selected isolates was evaluated and interpreted according to the disk diffusion method of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).

Results: Heterotrophic bacteria plate counts (HPC) varied from 1.1×103 ± 0.28 CFU/ml to 1.95×106 ± 0.48 CFU/ml; total coliform counts ranged between 0.0 and 1.2×106 ± 0.28 CFU/ml while mean E. coli count varied from 0.0 to 4.9×105 ± 0.49 CFU/ml, and Pseudomonas counts were between 0.0 to 1.4×103 CFU/ml. The selected strains of Pseudomonas spp (n=50) showed resistance to oxacillin (100%), vancomycin (52%), tetracycline (50%), gentamycin (26%) and ceftriaxone (20%), while they were sensitive to ceftazidime (82%), ofloxacin (80%) and amikacin (74%). MDR phenotype was observed in 9 (18%) of the test isolates.

Conclusion: The study revealed that untreated abattoir effluent was a considerable source of MDR Pseudomonas spp. among other bacteriological pollutants (e.g. HPC, coliform and E. coli) that could compromise the quality of the receiving river in lieu of public health concerns of riverside communities that depend on this vital water resource for their subsistence.

Keywords: Pseudomonas, MDR,  antibiogram, abattoir effluent, public health

Received March 16, 2020; Revised April 24, 2020; Accepted April 26, 2020

Copyright 2020 AJCEM Open Access. This article is licensed and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrition 4.0 International License <a rel=”license” href=”//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/”, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.

 

Antibiogramme des isolats de Pseudomonas et impact potentiel sur la santé publique d’un effluent d’abattoir à Benin City, Nigeria

*Odjadjare, E. E. O., et Ebowemen, M. J.

Groupe de recherche sur l’environnement, la santé publique et la microbiologie des bioressources (EPHBIOMREG), Département des sciences biologiques, Université Benson Idahosa, P.M.B. 1100 Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria Continue reading “Antibiogram of Pseudomonas isolates and potential public health impact of an abattoir effluent in Benin City, Nigeria”

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Molecular characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamase among clinical multidrug resistant Escherichia Coli in two hospitals of Niamey, Niger

A. M. Fody, T. S Bagré, A. K. Traoré, A Yacouba, R. Dembelé, L. Boubou, A. Inoussa, R. Sidikou, A. S. Traoré, A. Gassama-Sow, N. Barro

 

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the multiple ESBL genes in Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated in various biological samples in two hospitals of Niamey.
Methodology: A total of 195 multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli were included in the study. These isolates were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of the presence of bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla SHV and bla OXA-1 beta-lactamase genes.
Results: A total of 27.7% of Escherichia coli isolates were ESBL producing strains. Globaly, the bla TEM gene was the most prevalent (70.3%) followed by bla CTX-M (43.1%), bla OXA-1 (31.8%) and bla SHV (4.1%) genes. The four genes type of ESBL were founded simultaneously only in stool samples. Furthermore, none bla SHV gene was found in other samples type.
Conclusion: This study showed the presence of various ESBL genes among clinical MDR Escherichia coli. That is why a rational use of antibiotic and appropriate methods of screening ESBL genes in routine laboratories in Niger is needed to control the ESBL genes dissemination.

Keywords: MDR ,Escherichia coli, ESBL, bla genes, PCR, Niamey, Niger.

 

Caracterisation moleculaire des betalactamases a spectre etendu chez les souches de Escherichia coli multi resistantes dans deux hopitaux de Niamey, au Niger

Objectifs: Le but de cette étude était d’identifier les multiples gènes de BLSE chez les souches de Escherichia coli multi résistantes isolées de différents types d’échantillons biologiques dans deux hôpitaux de Niamey.
Méthodologie : Un total de 195 Escherichia coli multi résistants a été inclus dans l’étude. Ces isolats ont été testés par la réaction de polymérase en chaîne (PCR) pour détecter la présence des gènes bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla SHV et bla OXA-1.
Résultats : Au total, 27,7% des isolats de Escherichia coli multi-résistants étaient des souches productrices de BLSE. Globalement le gène blaTEM (70,3%) était le plus détecté suivi des autres gènes bla CTX-M (43,1%), bla OXA-1 (31,8%) et bla SHV (4,1%). Notons que seul dans les échantillons de selles quatre types de gènes de BLSE ont été trouvés simultanément. Par ailleurs notons qu’aucun gène de type bla SHV n’a été trouvé dans les autres types d’échantillons.
Conclusion : Cette étude avait montré la présence de divers gènes de BLSE chez les souches cliniques de Escherichia coli. C’est pourquoi une utilisation rationnelle des antibiotiques et des méthodes appropriées de dépistage des gènes de BLSE dans les laboratoires sont nécessaires afin de contrôler la diffusion des gènes de BLSE.

Mots clés : Escherichia coli multi résistantes, BLSE, gènes bla, PCR, Niamey, Niger

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Molecular characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamase among clinical multidrug resistant Escherichia Coli in two hospitals of Niamey, Niger

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High incidence of multidrug-resistant strains of methicill inresistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples in Benin-City, Nigeria

O Obasuyi, JO Akerele

 

Abstract

Infections of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are becoming an increasingly concerning clinical problem. The aim of this study was to assess the development of multidrug resistant strains of MRSA from clinical samples andpossibilities for reducing resistance. This study included a total of seventy-five (75) isolates comprising fifteen (15) each collected from ear, urine, cervix, blood and wounds. An agar disc diffusion test was used to measure the effects of antimicrobial agents against the bacteria isolates following  standardized guidelines. Out of a total of 75 clinical isolates of S. aureuscollected, 43 (57.3%) were resistant to methicillin with isolates obtained from ear infections showing the highest resistance pattern of 14.7% while the least was from urine sample with incidence of 5.3%. From the 43 isolates that showed resistance to methicillin, 36 (83.7%) were multidrug resistant to various classes of antibiotics tested.MRSA showed an increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance and therefore calls for periodic surveillance of nosocomial infections due to S. aureus and other important bacterial pathogens.

Key Words: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus, MRSA, multidrug resistance, MDR

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High incidence of multidrug-resistant strains of methicill inresistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples in Benin-City, Nigeria