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Dual vanA/vanB gene-carrying vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An emerging threat from northeast Nigeria

*1Hamza, J. A., 2Garba, L., 2Yarma, A. A., 2Ibrahim, H. I., and 1Adamu, H.
1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria 2Department of Microbiology, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria *Correspondence to: jabirgsu@gsu.edu.ng, Te: +2347039306208

Abstract:
Background: Vancomycin is an antibiotic of last resort for the treatment of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The emergence of vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) is a major threat to global healthcare with devastating implications. In Nigeria, data on VRSA is scarce while the molecular characterization of the organism from Northeast region is nearly absent. This current is aim to detect vancomycin resistance among MRSA isolates from Gombe State, Nigeria, and identify the genetic determinants involved. Continue reading “Dual vanA/vanB gene-carrying vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An emerging threat from northeast Nigeria”

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Efflux and mecA/mecC-mediated-resistance in multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from selected Ghanaian primary and tertiary hospitals

1Zumbi, C. N., 2Odoi, H., *1Boamah, V. E., 1Boakye, Y. D., and 1Agyare, C.

1Pharmaceutical Microbiology Section, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

2Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana

*Correspondence to: etsiapa@yahoo.com; veboamah.pharm@knust.edu.gh;

 

Abstract:

 Background: Globally, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality amongst patients; however, reports on MRSA infections in Ghana are mostly from tertiary healthcare facilities. This study determined the prevalence of methicillin and multiple efflux resistance mechanisms in S. aureus isolates from five selected primary and tertiary healthcare facilities in Ghana. Continue reading “Efflux and mecA/mecC-mediated-resistance in multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from selected Ghanaian primary and tertiary hospitals”

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Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from apparently healthy school pupils and students in Enugu and Ebonyi States, Nigeria

*1Ukpai, E. G., and 2Onah, E. S.

 1Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

1International Institute of Infectious Diseases, Biosafety and Biosecurity Research, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2Department of Ophthalmology, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2Institute for Eye Health and Visual Science Research (IEHVSR), David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria *Correspondence to: ukpaieg@dufuhs.edu.ng

 

Abstract:  

 Background: Infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a big health challenge around the world because it is associated with increase morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of MRSA isolated from apparently healthy school pupils and students in Enugu and Ebonyi States, Nigeria. Continue reading “Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from apparently healthy school pupils and students in Enugu and Ebonyi States, Nigeria”

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Bacteriological profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolates at the Bogodogo University Hospital Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

[1],[2]*Condé, M. S., [3],[4]Ky/Ba, A., 3,5Tondé, I., 4Savadogo, S. M., 4Ouattara, A., 4Yourgbarré, J., 4Ouédraogo, Y., 6Nagalo, Y. Y. A. A., 3Sanou, I., and 6,7Ouédraogo,A.

1Department of Biomedical Analysis Laboratory, Ignace Deen University Hospital, Conakry, Guinea

2Faculty of Health Sciences, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Guinea

3Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology, UFR SDS, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

4Department of Biomedical Analysis Laboratory, Bogodogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

5Department of Biomedical Analysis Laboratory, Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

6Laboratory of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens (LaPathER), Nazi BONI University, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 PO 676, Burkina Faso

7Bacteriology and Virology Service, Laboratory Department, Sourô Sanou University Hospital,  Bobo-Dioulasso 01 PO 676, Burkina Faso *Correspondence to: mamadisaran93@gmail.com; Tel: (226) 64645543

Abstract:

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a common major human pathogen involved in a wide variety of infections. The objective of this study is to investigate the bacteriological profile of S. aureus at the Bogodogo University

Hospital Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.     Continue reading “Bacteriological profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolates at the Bogodogo University Hospital Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso”

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Phenotypic and genotypic detection of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens from patients with infectious keratitis in selected hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria

*1Oladejo, O. J., 2Oladejo, J. M., 3Aina, A., 4Oladejo, P., 4Odetoyin, B., 2Oluwaloniola, V., and 2Tangkat, T.

1Department of Ophthalmology, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria

3Deparrment of Ophthalmology, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

4Department of Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria *Correspondence to: olawalejob4@gmail.com

Abstract:
Background: Infectious keratitis is a major cause of global blindness. Standard management approaches typically involve the collection of corneal cultures and initiation of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. However, conventional microbiological techniques, based on direct visualization or cultures of microorganisms, are limited by poor sensitivity and the prolonged time required to produce actionable results. Molecular methods based on nucleic acid amplification technique aim to circumvent the challenges of culture for hours or days. The objectives of this study are to detect the bacteria agents of infectious keratitis in Ilorin, Nigeria, using phenotypic and molecular methods, and to determine their resistance profiles to selected antimicrobials. Continue reading “Phenotypic and genotypic detection of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens from patients with infectious keratitis in selected hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria”

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Effects of rinsing on Staphylococcus aureus load in frozen meats and fish obtained from open markets in Benin City, Nigeria

Ogofure, A. G., and *Igbinosa, E. O.

Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group (AMPEHREG), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154, Benin City 300283, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: etinosa.igbinosa@uniben.edu

Abstract:

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous bacterium present in the environment and one of the leading causes of superficial and deep infections. In the food industry, it is acclaimed to be globally responsible for several food-borne diseases. This study was designed to isolate methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and determine the effect of rinsing on MRSA load in frozen meat and fish obtained from open market in Benin City. Continue reading “Effects of rinsing on Staphylococcus aureus load in frozen meats and fish obtained from open markets in Benin City, Nigeria”

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Non detection of mecA gene in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from pigs

C.N. Nwaogaraku, S.I. Smith, J.A. Badaki

 

Abstract

Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have become a global health problem causing infections in both humans and livestock, ranging from skin and soft tissue to life threatening blood stream infections. The mecA gene is known to confer resistance to MRSA isolates. This study investigated the carriage of mecA gene by MRSA isolates from pigs.

Methods: One hundred non duplicate staphylococcal isolates recovered from blood samples of pigs in Bariga district of Lagos State at the Molecular Biology and Biotechnology unit of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research were used in the study. S. aureus was identified by cultural characteristics, and positive catalase, coagulase and deoxyribonuclease tests. Phenotypic methicillin resistance was determined by the modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and mecA gene was detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.

Results: Twenty-five S. aureus were identified, of which 11 (44%) were MRSA by phenotypic method. All the isolates were mecA negative on PCR.

Conclusion: The MRSA phenotype observed in the pig isolates in this study appears not to be the classical mecA mediated resistance. There may be alternative mechanisms of resistance in MRSA isolates in pigs.

Keywords: MRSA, phenotypic, mecA gene, PCR, pigs

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Non detection of mecA gene in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from pigs

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Bacterial contamination of white coats and hands of healthcare workers at mansoura university children’s hospital, Mansoura-Egypt

N. S Gouda, A. M. Sultan, H. Eldegla, W.A Seliem

 

Abstract

Background: Transmission of hospital acquired infections (HAIs) may be associated with contamination of healthcare workers’ (HCWs) hands and white coats.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of HCWs’ white coats in transmitting HAIs and to determine the association between bacterial contamination of HCWs’ hands and white coats.
Methods: A total of 154 HCWs were enrolled in the study; different samples were taken from their hands and white coats. Samples were processed and both microbiological and biochemical characterization of the isolates were done using standard microbiological protocols.
Results: Up to 65.6% of hands and 61% of coats of HCWs were contaminated by microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated organisms from both hands and coats of HCWs (29.2%, 27.3% respectively) followed by MRSA (22.1%, 24.7% respectively).
Conclusions: The risk for contamination of hands and coats of HCWs is high in different clinical settings. In order to reduce the rate of HAIs, a strict dress protocol should be set into play to prevent cross contamination between HCWs and patients.

Keywords: contamination, HCWs, coat, hand, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA.

 

Contamination bacterienne de manteaux blancs et de mains de soins de sante a l’hopital pour enfants de l’universite mansoura, Mansoura-Egypte

Contexte: La transmission des infections

Objectif: Le but de cette étude était de déterminer l’étendue, le type et l’association entre la contamination bactérienne des mains des travailleurs de la santé et les blouses blanches.

Méthodes: Au total, 154 travailleurs de la santé ont été inclus dans l’étude; différents échantillons ont été pris de leurs mains et des manteaux blancs. Les échantillons ont été traités et la caractérisation microbiologique et biochimique des isolats a été effectuée en utilisant des protocoles microbiologiques standard.

Résultats: Jusqu’à 65,6% des mains et 61% des couches de TS ont été contaminées par des micro-organismes. Le Staphylococcus aureusétait le plus souvent isolé des deux mains et des deux sexes (29,2%, 27,3%), suivi par le SARM (22,1%, 24,7% respectivement).

Conclusions: Le risque de contamination des mains et des couches de TS est élevé dans différents contextes cliniques. Afin de réduire le taux d’IASS, un protocole vestimentaire strict devrait être mis en place pour prévenir la contamination croisée entre les travailleurs de la santé et les patients.

Mots clés: contamination, agents de santé, manteau, main, Staphylococcus aureus, SARM

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Bacterial contamination of white coats and hands of healthcare workers at mansoura university children’s hospital, Mansoura-Egypt

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Evaluation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in Malagasy veterinary students

T Rasamiravaka, A.J. Nirinarimanana, A Rasamindrakotroka

 

Abstract

Purpose: Populations that are frequently in contact with animals such as veterinary students have been demonstrated to be at risk of MRSA carriage.Thus, it is relevant to generate baseline data in MRSA nasal carriage and multidrug resistance among Malagasy veterinary students (Madagascar).

Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among veterinary students coming for laboratory training. After their wise consent, nasal swabs of the anterior nares were carried out; and S. aureus was isolated by selective chromogenic culture. They were then assessed for antimicrobial susceptibility.

Results: Nasal swabs of 155 Malagasy veterinary students (Sex-ratio M/F: 0.91), enabled to isolate 30 (19, 35%) S. aureus strains, among which 14 (46, 66 %) were méthicillin-resistant (MRSA). Risk factors analysis revealed that history of hospitalization, recent antibiotic intake and frequent contact with animals and livestock workers/veterinarians increase the risk of MRSA nasal carriage. Among MRSA nasal isolates, a high rate of multidrug resistance and particularly an intriguing resistance to gentamycin (20%) and vancomycin (7.14%) were observed.

Conclusion: These results suggest that MRSA is spreading in Malagasy community requiring a strategic policy against multidrug resistant strains.

Keywords: Madagascar, MRSA, Risk factors, Veterinary

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Evaluation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in Malagasy veterinary students

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Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in burns and pressure ulcer patients

TK Udeani, CJ Onyebuchi, MC Ikpenwa, UR Ezenwaka

 

Abstract

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a multidrug resistant bacterium that threatens the continued effectiveness of antibiotics worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MRSA and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern in patients with burns and bedsore. This was a cross- sectional study that was carried out at National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographic and source of wounds. Pus from the wound was collected with swab sticks or 2ml syringe and analyzed bacteriologically, using mannitol salt agar sheep red cell blood agar. Isolates of Staphyloccus aureus were subjected to oxacillin and cefoxitin disc-diffusion assay and confirmed by chromogenic Brilliance MRSA 2 Agar; for identification of MRSA and MSSA. The MRSA and MSSA strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and multiple antibiotic index calculated. Of 104 wound swabs analyzed, 52 (50%) were Staphylococcus aureus isolates, while 21 (20.2%) were MRSA and 31 (29.8%) were MSSA. No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of MRSA among gender, duration of wounds, wound dressing interval and source of wound. There was an association between age, prolonged hospital admission MRSA infection. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin 90.5% followed by erytromycin 81% and ciprofloxacillin 71.4%.All the MRSA isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. All isolates of MRSA were resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides and quinolones group of antibiotic used. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of vancomycin showed that the break point was between 0.5-2kg/ml and that of ampicillin was ranges from 4 kg/ml-128 kg/ml. MAR Index was >0.2 which indicates the resistance emanates from hospital. The high prevalence of MRSA and antibiotics resistance may increase the disease burden amongst these patients. It is necessary to establish an antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance system and to improve current infection control programs in the hospitals and community settings, to prevent the spread of MRSA.

Keywords: MRSA, Brillience ChromAgar, ampicillin, vancomycin, multiple antibioticindex

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Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in burns and pressure ulcer patients