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Prevalence of high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 in relation to immune status and cervical cytological profile of HIV-infected women on antiretroviral therapy in northcentral Nigeria

1Ajang, A. Y., 1Ella, E. E., 1Oguntayo, A. O., 2Innocent, E., and 1Aminu, M.

1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
1Department of Oncology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
2Department of Histopathology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
*Correspondence to: yakubuabubakar92@yahoo.com

Abstract:
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-established causal agent of cervical cancer, and the first group of viruses to have been acknowledged to prompt carcinogenesis. They are linked with cancers of the uterine cervix, anogenital tumours, and head and neck malignancies. Cervical cancer is by far the most common HPV-related disease, with about 99% of cervical cancer cases caused by persistent genital high-risk (HR) HPVs, especially types 16 and 18. Continue reading “Prevalence of high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 in relation to immune status and cervical cytological profile of HIV-infected women on antiretroviral therapy in northcentral Nigeria”

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Association of sul genes and class 1 integron with trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole Resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates in Zagazig University, Egypt

SS Morsi, HE Sharaf, MA Gerges

 

Abstract

Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S.maltophilia) is an intrinsically drug resistant    opportunistic pathogen associated with serious infections in humans. Acquired resistance to   trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT,co-trimoxazole), the main stay of therapy against S. maltophilia ,has made its treatment more problematic. Objectives: This work aimed to determine the occurrence  of SXT resistance among S. maltophilia isolated from Zagazig University Hospitals in Egypt and to   assess the association of sul genes and integron1 with SXT-resistant isolates.
Material and Methods: Thirty-two S.maltophilia isolates were identified in this study during the   period from 2013 to 2015. Screening of SXT-resistant isolates was done by Kirby-Bauer method.  Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) values for SXT were determined by agar dilution. S. maltophilia isolates were tested for the presence of sul1, sul2, sul3, and int 1 genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
Results: Amongst the 32 S. maltophilia isolates, 12(37.5%) were resistant to SXT. All SXT-resistant isolates were found to harbor sul1 gene and integron1. One of these isolates had sul2 gene  (1/12,8.3%). Meanwhile, sul3 gene was not detected in any of the SXT-resistant isolates. Only 2 of the 20 SXT-susceptible isolates was found to yield positive PCR results for sul1 gene, one of them gave positive result for class 1 Integron. The association of sul genes and Integrin1 with resistance to SXT had a statistically significant difference( P<0.0001). Conclusion: Our study indicated a high frequency of SXT resistance among clinical S.maltophilia isolates from Zagazig University Hospitals, in which sul genes and class 1 integron were found to have a major role.

Keywords: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim-resistant, Multiplex  PCR,  sul genes,  Integron 1

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Association of sul genes and class 1 integron with trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole Resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates in Zagazig University, Egypt