Co-infection of Parvovirus B19 and Plasmodium falciparum among Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Benin City, Nigeria

1 Moses-Otutu, I. M., 2 Okojie, R. O., 1* Akinbo, F. O., and 2 Eghafona, N. O.

1 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
*Correspondence to: fgbengang@yahoo.com

Abstract:

Background: Infections by parasites, bacteria, viruses such as human parvovirus B19 amongst others, have been widely reported as contributing to high prevalence of anaemia in many populations. This study was conducted to determine the co-infection of Plasmodium falciparum and human parvovirus B19 among sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 400 participants consisting 300 SCD patients (134 males, 166 females) and 100 (38 males, 62 females) apparently healthy subjects with haemoglobin AA (which served as control) who were contacted in homes, schools and offices, were enrolled for the study. The age of the participants ranged from 1 to 54 years. Venous blood was collected for detection of P. falciparum using Giemsa stain while parvovirus B19 was detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Full blood count was estimated using Sysmex KX-21N haematology auto-analyzer. Results: An overall prevalence of parvovirus B19 and P. falciparum co-infection observed among SCD patients in this study was 3.0% while single infection was 14.0% for P. falciparum and 26.7% for parvovirus B19. Religion was associated with 0 to 22 fold increased risk of acquiring co-infection of P. falciparum and parvovirus B19. Gender was significantly associated with P. falciparum infection (p=0.0291) while tribal extraction, platelet index and seasonal variation were significantly associated with single parvovirus B19 or co-infection of P. falciparum and parvovirus B19 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The provision of strict regulatory policy concerning the screening of whole blood or pooled plasma before the use of blood products and transfusion of SCD patients is advocated.

Keywords: parvovirus B19, Benin City, P. falciparum, sickle cell disease

Received September 24, 2018; Revised May 14, 2019; Accepted May 15, 2019
Copyright 2019 AJCEM Open Access. This article is licensed and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrition 4.0 International License (//creativecommmons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.

Co-infection par le parvovirus B19 et Plasmodium falciparum chez des patients atteints de drépanocytose à Benin City, au Nigéria

1 Moses-Otutu, I. M., 2 Okojie, R. O., 1* Akinbo, F. O., and 2 Eghafona, N. O.

1 Département des sciences de laboratoire médical, École des sciences médicales de base, Université du Bénin, Benin City, Nigéria

2 Département de microbiologie, faculté des sciences de la vie, Université du Bénin, Benin City, Nigéria

*Correspondance à: fgbengang@yahoo.com

Abstrait:

Contexte: Il a été largement rapporté que les infections par des parasites, des bactéries, des virus tels que le parvovirus humain B19, contribuent à la prévalence élevée de l’anémie dans de nombreuses populations. Cette étude visait à déterminer la co-infection de Plasmodium falciparum et du parvovirus humain B19 chez des patients atteints de drépanocytose à Benin City, dans l’État d’Edo, au Nigéria.
Méthodologie: Un total de 400 participants comprenant 300 patients atteints de MCA (134 hommes, 166 femmes) et 100 (38 hommes et 62 femmes) des sujets apparemment en bonne santé avec l’hémoglobine AA (qui servait de contrôle) qui ont été contactés à la maison, dans les écoles et au bureau inscrit à l’étude. L’âge des participants allait de 1 à 54 ans. Le sang veineux a été recueilli pour la détection de P. falciparum à l’aide de la coloration de Giemsa, tandis que le parvovirus B19 a été détecté par un test d’immunosorbant lié à une enzyme (ELISA). La numération globulaire totale a été estimée à l’aide de l’auto-analyseur d’hématologie Sysmex KX-21N.
Résultats: La prévalence globale de la co-infection au parvovirus B19 et à P. falciparum observée chez les patients atteints de MCs dans cette étude était de 3,0%, tandis que l’infection simple était de 14,0% pour P. falciparum et de 26,7% pour le parvovirus B19. La religion était associée à un risque accru de contracter la co-infection à P. falciparum et au parvovirus B19 de 0 à 22 fois plus élevé. Le sexe était significativement associé à l’infection à P. falciparum (p = 0,0291), tandis que l’extraction tribale, l’indice plaquettaire et la variation saisonnière étaient significativement associés à un parvovirus simple B19 ou à une co-infection à P. falciparum et au parvovirus B19 (p <0,05) Conclusion: La mise en place d’une politique réglementaire stricte concernant le dépistage du sang total ou du plasma réuni avant l’utilisation du produit sanguin et la transfusion de patients atteints de MCS est recommandée.

Mots-clés: parvovirus B19, Benin City, Plasmodium falciparum, drépanocytose

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Co-infection of Parvovirus B19 and Plasmodium falciparum among Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Benin City, Nigeria

Seroprevalence of parvovirus BI9 antibody in blood donors and sickle cell disease patients at Lagos university teaching hospital (LUTH): a comparative study

MC Iheanacho, SA Akanmu, B Nwogoh

 

Abstract

Introduction: Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) is a DNA virus transmissible by blood transfusion. It is a major cause of aplastic crisis especially in chronic haemolytic anaemic patients such as sickle cell disease patients.
Objective: The study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of PVB19 in blood donors and sickle cell anaemia (SCA) patients and to evaluate its association with blood transfusion in SCA patients.
Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos Nigeria. Three hundred participants, consisting of 150 voluntary blood donors and 150 sickle cell anaemia subjects were enrolled into the study. Seroprevalence of parvovirus was determined using ELISA kits for IgG and IgM anti-PVB19 antibodies by Immuno-Biological Laboratories, (IBL) inc. Minneapolis, USA. Results was analyzed with SPSS 11 software and presented in tables. Fishers Exact test, Chi-square and student T-test were used as appropriate to compare variables between both groups. P-values <0.05 were considered significant.
Results: Ninety nine (66%) blood donors were positive for anti-PVB19 IgG antibody while ninety two (61.3%) sickle cell patients were positive. Two (1.3%) blood donors were positive anti-PVB19 IgM antibodies while 8 (5.3%) SCD patients were positive for anti-PVB19 IgM antibodies. There was no significant difference in the seroprevalence of IgG and IgM antiPVB19 virus in both groups. There was no association of parvovirus seroprevalence with blood transfusion.
Conclusion: The study has shown a high seroprevalence of IgG anti-PVB19 antibodies in both blood donors and SCA patients. Therefore routine screening for parvovirus infection for donor blood is not justified. However seronegative SCA patients who require blood transfusion should have the blood screened for parvovirus to reduce the risk of associated aplastic crisis.

Key words: Seroprevalence, parvovirus B19, blood donors, sickle cell anaemia

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Seroprevalence of parvovirus BI9 antibody in blood donors and sickle cell disease patients at Lagos university teaching hospital LUTH a comparative study