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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases in enteric Gram-negative bacteria from patients with lower respiratory tract infections in a tertiary hospital, southwest Nigeria

*1,2Thonda, O. A., 2Oluduro, A. O., 3Adewole, O. O., and 4Obiajunwa, P. O.
*1Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Kings University, Odeomu, Nigeria

2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, OAU, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
3Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, OAU, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
4Department of Paediatrics and Child Heath, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, OAU, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Correspondence to: thondakemi22@gmail.com

Abstract:
Background: AmpC or class C or group 1 beta lactamases are class C cephalosporinases that hydrolyse a wide variety of beta-lactam antibiotics including alpha methoxy beta-lactams (cefoxitin), narrow and broad spectrum cephalosporins. This study was conducted to characterize plasmid-mediated AmpC producing enteric Gram- negative bacteria from patients with lower respiratory tract infections in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC) Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

Methodology: A total of 149 patients with clinical features of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) were selected by simple random sampling for the study. All Gram-negative isolates recovered from standard microbiological cultures of respiratory specimens of these patients were tested against cefoxitin, third generation cephalosporins (3GCs), and other antibiotics using the disc diffusion AST method, and also screened for production of AmpC beta-lactamases phenotypically by the CLSI method. Plasmid DNA extraction was carried out on twenty-nine cefoxitin-resistant selected isolates using the Kado and Lin method, while genotypic detection of plasmid-mediated AmpC gene was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Continue reading “Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases in enteric Gram-negative bacteria from patients with lower respiratory tract infections in a tertiary hospital, southwest Nigeria”

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Antimicrobial resistance patterns and transferable traits in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from poultry in Tlemcen, Algeria

*Barka, M. S., Cherif-Anntar, A., and Benamar, I.

Laboratory of Applied Microbiology in Food, Biomedical and Environment (LAMAABE), Science Department,

Applied Science and Technique Institute, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria

*Correspondence to: mohammedsalih.barka@univ-tlemcen.dz; Tel: 00213556123335; Fax: 0021343277405

Abstract:

Background:  Antibiotics are overused in poultry industry, and this has resulted in the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The current study is aimed at determining antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of Enterobacteriaceae isolates from poultry in the west of Algeria.

Methodology: Different chicken samples (kidney, bone and intestine) were collected and processed for culture using standard microbiological methods to isolate Enterobacteriaceae. Isolates were identified biochemically using API 20E, while isolated Escherichia coli was typed for O1, O2 and O78 antigens using slide agglutination with specific antisera. All identified isolates were tested against 26 antibiotic disks using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method according to the CLSI standards. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of chloramphenicol, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were determined for selected isolates.  Conjugative plasmid transfer, plasmid incompatibility and colicin tests were used to detect transferable resistance traits in 48 selected E. coli isolates. Continue reading “Antimicrobial resistance patterns and transferable traits in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from poultry in Tlemcen, Algeria”

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Plasmid profile and antimicrobial resistance ratings of enterococci isolates from pigs and poultry birds in Abia state, Nigeria

N Amaechi

 

Abstract

Our aim was to isolate and investigate the resistance ratings of enterococci poultry and pig isolates to various antimicrobial agents as well as to determine their plasmid profiles. Antimicrobial resistance ratings and the plasmid profiles of Enterococci isolated from poultry birds and pigs were analyzed. Three hundred and thirty enterococci isolates from poultry birds and pigs were obtained from the three zones in Abia State. Antimicrobial resistance ratings, transformation, curing and plasmid extraction for enterococci were done. The result showed that in both animal species multi-resistance to antimicrobials occurred in more than 40% of enterococci isolates. The enterococci isolates were resistant to floxapen (90%), ceprofloxacin (70%) and norfloxacin (80%). It also showed that the organisms were sensitive to lincocin (100%), chloramphenicol (85%) and gentamicin (75%). There were significant differences (P<0.05) in some reactions of some Enterococcus isolates to certain antimicrobial agents especially to chloramphenicol, rifampicin and gentamicin. Some isolates that was sensitive to gentamicin, rifampicin and chloramphenicol during pre-curing were resistant after curing though not significant (P>0.05). There was significant difference (P<0.05) among the isolates during pre-transformation and post-transformation process. Plasmid profile analysis of Enterococcus spp. revealed plasmid DNA bands ranging in size from 800 to 2000bp which appeared as bright bands. Large plasmid were lost during cell storage, some were plasmid less. No correlation could be made between plasmid patterns and antimicrobial resistance. The studies show good prospects for further research in the same area to explore and assign definite cause for antimicrobial resistance and multi-drug resistance.

Keywords: Enterococcus spp., plasmid, poultry birds, pigs, antimicrobial resistance.

French Abstract

Notre but était d’isoler et d’examiner les évaluations des isolats entérocoque des volailles et des porcs aux plusieurs agents antimicrobiens aussi bien que déterminer leurs profils plasmidique. Les évaluations de la résistance aux microbiens et les profils plasmidiques d’Entérocoque isolé des volailles et des porcs ont été analysés. Trois cent trente entérocoque isolats des volailles et des porcs ont été obtenus de trois zones différentes a l’État d’Abia. Les évaluations de la résistance aux antimicrobiens, la transformation durcissement et plasmide extraction pour entérocoques ont été faits. Le résultat a montré que dans les deux espèces animales, multirésistance aux antimicrobiens se produit dans plus de 40% des isolats d’entérocoques. Les isolats d’entérocoques étaient résistants a floxapen(90%), également Ceprofloxacin (70%), et norfloxacin(80%). Il a aussi montre que les organismes étaient sensibles a Lincocin(100%), Chloramphenicol(85%) et la gentamicine(75%). Il y avait des différences
significatives (P<0,05) dans certaines réactions des isolats d’enterolocoques aux certains agents antimicrobiens en particulier a
chloramphénicol, a rifampicine et gentamicine. Certains isolats qui étaient sensibles a la gentamicine, a rifampicine et chloramphénicol pendant pré- durcissement étaient résistants après le durcissement bien qu’insignifiant (P>0,05). Il y avait une différence significative (P<0,05) parmi les isolats lors de la pré- transformation et post-transformation. L’analyse du profil plasmidique d‘Enterococcus spp. a révélé les bandes d’ADN plasmidique allant de la taille de 800 a 2. 000 bp qui semblait bandes brillantes. Les grands ont été perdus lors de stockage de cellules,, certains étaient moins plasmide. Pas de corrélation entre schémas de plasmides et la résistance aux antimicrobiens. Les recherches montrent de bonnes perspectives pour  des recherches plus approfondies dans la même domaine d’explorer et d’attribuer la cause précise pour la résistance. Aux antimicrobiens et la multirésistance.

Mots- clés: Enterococcus spp., Plasmide, Volailles, Porcs, la résistance aux antimicrobiens.

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Plasmid profile and antimicrobial resistance ratings of enterococci isolates from pigs and poultry birds in Abia state, Nigeria