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Differences in haematological parameters and haemoglobin phenotypes in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects with Plasmodium falciparum infection in parts of Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria

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1Dikwa, K. B.,

2Maikaje, D. B., 1Yahaya, U. A., and

3Suleiman, A. B.

1Department of Biological Sciences, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria

2Department of Microbiology, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria

3Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
*Correspondence to: kbdikwa@nda.edu.ng

Abstract

Background: Plasmodium falciparum is the leading cause of malaria morbidity and mortality in Nigeria with varied symptoms and haematological consequences. The objective of this study is to assess the differences in haematological parameters and haemoglobin phenotypes in symptomatic P. falciparum infected and apparently healthy asymptomatic individuals in parts of Kaduna metropolis.

Methodology: A total of 1000 subjects; 500 symptomatic and 500 apparently healthy subjects asymptomatic for malaria, were recruited from selected hospitals and National Blood Bank in Kaduna metropolis. Blood samples were collected for thick and thin film microscopy to determine malaria parasitaemia and parasite species identification respectively. Haematological parameters were determined using automated blood analyser (KX-21N, Sysmex, Japan) and haemoglobin phenotypes by alkaline cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Continue reading “Differences in haematological parameters and haemoglobin phenotypes in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects with Plasmodium falciparum infection in parts of Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria”

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Co-infection of Parvovirus B19 and Plasmodium falciparum among Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Benin City, Nigeria

1 Moses-Otutu, I. M., 2 Okojie, R. O., 1* Akinbo, F. O., and 2 Eghafona, N. O.

1 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
*Correspondence to: fgbengang@yahoo.com

Abstract:

Background: Infections by parasites, bacteria, viruses such as human parvovirus B19 amongst others, have been widely reported as contributing to high prevalence of anaemia in many populations. This study was conducted to determine the co-infection of Plasmodium falciparum and human parvovirus B19 among sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 400 participants consisting 300 SCD patients (134 males, 166 females) and 100 (38 males, 62 females) apparently healthy subjects with haemoglobin AA (which served as control) who were contacted in homes, schools and offices, were enrolled for the study. The age of the participants ranged from 1 to 54 years. Venous blood was collected for detection of P. falciparum using Giemsa stain while parvovirus B19 was detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Full blood count was estimated using Sysmex KX-21N haematology auto-analyzer. Results: An overall prevalence of parvovirus B19 and P. falciparum co-infection observed among SCD patients in this study was 3.0% while single infection was 14.0% for P. falciparum and 26.7% for parvovirus B19. Religion was associated with 0 to 22 fold increased risk of acquiring co-infection of P. falciparum and parvovirus B19. Gender was significantly associated with P. falciparum infection (p=0.0291) while tribal extraction, platelet index and seasonal variation were significantly associated with single parvovirus B19 or co-infection of P. falciparum and parvovirus B19 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The provision of strict regulatory policy concerning the screening of whole blood or pooled plasma before the use of blood products and transfusion of SCD patients is advocated.

Keywords: parvovirus B19, Benin City, P. falciparum, sickle cell disease

Received September 24, 2018; Revised May 14, 2019; Accepted May 15, 2019
Copyright 2019 AJCEM Open Access. This article is licensed and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrition 4.0 International License (//creativecommmons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.

Co-infection par le parvovirus B19 et Plasmodium falciparum chez des patients atteints de drépanocytose à Benin City, au Nigéria

1 Moses-Otutu, I. M., 2 Okojie, R. O., 1* Akinbo, F. O., and 2 Eghafona, N. O.

1 Département des sciences de laboratoire médical, École des sciences médicales de base, Université du Bénin, Benin City, Nigéria

2 Département de microbiologie, faculté des sciences de la vie, Université du Bénin, Benin City, Nigéria

*Correspondance à: fgbengang@yahoo.com

Abstrait:

Contexte: Il a été largement rapporté que les infections par des parasites, des bactéries, des virus tels que le parvovirus humain B19, contribuent à la prévalence élevée de l’anémie dans de nombreuses populations. Cette étude visait à déterminer la co-infection de Plasmodium falciparum et du parvovirus humain B19 chez des patients atteints de drépanocytose à Benin City, dans l’État d’Edo, au Nigéria.
Méthodologie: Un total de 400 participants comprenant 300 patients atteints de MCA (134 hommes, 166 femmes) et 100 (38 hommes et 62 femmes) des sujets apparemment en bonne santé avec l’hémoglobine AA (qui servait de contrôle) qui ont été contactés à la maison, dans les écoles et au bureau inscrit à l’étude. L’âge des participants allait de 1 à 54 ans. Le sang veineux a été recueilli pour la détection de P. falciparum à l’aide de la coloration de Giemsa, tandis que le parvovirus B19 a été détecté par un test d’immunosorbant lié à une enzyme (ELISA). La numération globulaire totale a été estimée à l’aide de l’auto-analyseur d’hématologie Sysmex KX-21N.
Résultats: La prévalence globale de la co-infection au parvovirus B19 et à P. falciparum observée chez les patients atteints de MCs dans cette étude était de 3,0%, tandis que l’infection simple était de 14,0% pour P. falciparum et de 26,7% pour le parvovirus B19. La religion était associée à un risque accru de contracter la co-infection à P. falciparum et au parvovirus B19 de 0 à 22 fois plus élevé. Le sexe était significativement associé à l’infection à P. falciparum (p = 0,0291), tandis que l’extraction tribale, l’indice plaquettaire et la variation saisonnière étaient significativement associés à un parvovirus simple B19 ou à une co-infection à P. falciparum et au parvovirus B19 (p <0,05) Conclusion: La mise en place d’une politique réglementaire stricte concernant le dépistage du sang total ou du plasma réuni avant l’utilisation du produit sanguin et la transfusion de patients atteints de MCS est recommandée.

Mots-clés: parvovirus B19, Benin City, Plasmodium falciparum, drépanocytose

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Co-infection of Parvovirus B19 and Plasmodium falciparum among Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Benin City, Nigeria

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Micronutrient deficiencies among pregnant women with Plasmodium falciparum infection in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria

F.O. Akinbo, L.O. Alabi, J.A. Aiyeyemi

 

Abstract

Background: Two important barriers to a successful pregnancy outcome are maternal under nutrition and malaria. This study was conducted to determine some micronutrient deficiencies among pregnant women infected with Plasmodium falciparum in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria

Material and methods: Two hundred and fifty four participants aged 18 to 42 years consisting of 154 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of the Federal Medical Center, Owo, and 100 apparently healthy non-pregnant women as controls were randomly enrolled in this study. Blood specimen was collected and analyzed for the detection of P. falciparum using 10% Giemsa staining technique while micronutrients (calcium, copper, iron and zinc) were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).

Results: Out of 154 pregnant women studied, 91 (59.1%) had micronutrient deficiency (MND) while 5 out of 100 (5.0%) non-pregnant control had micronutrient deficiency (p < 0.0001). Forty three (27.9%) of the 154 pregnant women and 3 (3.0%) of 100 non-pregnant control had P. falciparum infection (p < 0.0001). Forty three of the 91 (47.3%) pregnant women and 3 of the 5 (60%) non-pregnant women with MND had P. falciparum infection (p = 0.6681). All 43 pregnant women with MND but none of the 63 pregnant women without MND had P. falciparum infection (p < 0.0001). Similarly, all 3 non-pregnant women with P. falciparum infection had MND but none of the 95 non-pregnant women without MND had P. falciparum infection (p < 0.0001). Multiple micronutrient deficiencies of iron and calcium (65.3%), iron and zinc (16.1%) and iron and copper (18.6%) were observed among pregnant women but none among non-pregnant women. Factors significantly associated with P. falciparum infection among pregnant women with MND were age group 23-27 years (p = 0.0109), first trimester gestational age (p = 0.0234), primiparity (p = 0.0303) and wet season (p < 0.0173). There was no significant association between anaemia and prevalence of P. falciparuminfection in pregnant women with MND (p = 0.1327) but pregnant women with iron deficiency were more likely to be infected with P. falciparumthan those with other micronutrient deficiencies (p = 0.0013)

Conclusion: This study reported a higher prevalence rate of 27.9% for P. falciparum infection in pregnant women compared to 3% in non-pregnant women population, but a much higher rate of 47.3% among pregnant women with micronutrient deficiencies.

Keywords: Micronutrient deficiencies, Plasmodium falciparum, pregnant women, Owo

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Micronutrient deficiencies among pregnant women with Plasmodium falciparum infection in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria

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Prevalence of malaria infection among patients attending Murtala Muhammed specialist hospital Kano, Nigeria

O.V. Oladele, S.C. Onuoha, H.S. Hamafyelto, O. Omisope, A. Fauziyya, M. Akindigh, T. Abdullahi, M.L. Ilu, E. Ikeh

 

Abstract

Malaria is one of the most common diseased conditions in Nigeria and  across most developing countries triggered by one of four species of Plasmodium. The objective of this study was to screen and detect for the presence of Plasmodium species via microscopic analysis on Malaria patients attending a healthcare facility Northern Nigeria and present the epidemiological data of malaria.Finger prick blood samples, Thick and Thin Giemsa-stained blood smears, were collected from 350 malaria-suspected individuals representing all age groups. The Giemsa-stained blood smears were examined microscopically. Demographic information on rural and urban dwellings, use of  insecticides and mosquito nets were collected using structured questionnaires. Malaria cases were detected in in 227 (64.9%) of the participants with a higher infection rate amongst the males (147) than the females (80). The  predominant specie found was Plasmodium  falciparum. All age groups in this study were vulnerable in the order of 61-above>31-40>51-60>41-50>1-10>21-30> 11-20 years of age.A large number of participants dwelling in urban area (219) were tested positive for malaria in contrast to eight(8) from the rural area. Not using insecticides and mosquito treated nets were significantly associated with the prevalence of malaria as 59.4% of participants who were tested positive for  Plasmodium falciparum infection utilized insecticides, while 66.9% of those who did not were also tested positive. Individuals residing close to gutters and bushes were the most susceptible (85.6%) to Plasmodium infection.

Keywords: Prevalence, Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Kano

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Prevalence of malaria infection among patients attending Murtala Muhammed specialist hospital Kano, Nigeria

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Prevalence and management of Falciparium malaria among infants and children in Ota, Ogun state, Southwestern Nigeria

G.I Olasehinde, A.A Ajay, S.O Taiwo, B.T Adekeye, O.A Adeyeba

 

Abstract

Studies were carried out to determine the prevalence of malaria parasite infection among infants and children (0-12yrs) in Ota, Southwestern Nigeria between April and December 2008. The two hospitals used were Ota General Hospital and Covenant University Health Centre, Canaanland, Ota. Thick and thin films were made and stained using standard parasitological procedures. Structured Questionnaires were distributed to ascertain the age, sex, drugs or insecticides used and state of health of the subjects before recruiting them into the study. Overall, 215 (80.5%) of the 267 children investigated were found to have malaria infection. Age group (0-5 years) had the highest frequency rate of 84.7% with mean parasite density of 900 and the difference between the age groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). Children of illiterates from suburb villages had the highest mean parasite density of 850 with 78.1% prevalence rate. 20% of the children were given local herbs and 22% used orthodox medicine as prophylaxis. Only 18% used insecticide treated mosquito nets while 24% of the parents spray insecticides to prevent mosquito bites. There is therefore need for more awareness on effective use of drugs and Insecticide Treated bed nets in malaria hyperendemic regions.

Key words: % Prevalence, malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, infants, Children

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Prevalence and management of Falciparium malaria among infants and children in Ota Ogun state Southwestern Nigeria

 

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In vitro surveillance of drug resistant falciparum malaria in north central Nigeria

T.F Ikpa, J.A Ajayi, G.N Imandeh, J.I Usar

 

Abstract

Background: drug resistant malaria is spreading inexorably to areas with drug sensitive malaria parasites. This study compared the in vitro sensitivities of Plasmodium falciparum fresh parasite isolates, to some standard antimalarial drugs, in Makurdi and Masaka located over 300 km apart, in north central Nigeria. Methods: The in vitro responses of P. falciparum isolates; 43 and 39 in Makurdi and Masaka were evaluated by the standard schizonts growth inhibition assay in children aged 2-14 years. Results: The geometric mean effective concentration-EC50, EC90 and EC99 of quinine between Makurdi and Masaka differed significantly (P < 0.05). A similar difference (P < 0.05), was observed with the artesunate antimalarial at EC90 and EC99 levels, but not at EC50. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in the EC values of amodiaquine between the two locations. 5.13 % (2/39) of parasites at Masaka were in vitro resistant to amodiaquine with EC50 > 80 nM. The rest of the isolates were sensitive to the three antimalarial drugs at both locations. Conclusion: The results demonstrated low in vitro resistance of P. falciparum to amodiaquine in the region. Constant monitoring and intervention is needed to curtail the spread of resistance to antimalarials in Nigeria.

KEY WORDS: Plasmodium falciparum, Resistance, Antimalarials, Nigeria.

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In vitro surveillance of drug resistant falciparum malaria in north central Nigeria

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The Pattern Of Packed Cell Volume, Plasma Electrolytes And Glucose Levels In Patients Infected With Plasmodium falciparum

MF Olaniyan

 

Abstract

Fifty-two patients (27 males, 25 females aged 25 &plusmn: 18.4 years) with Plasmodium falciparum infection and 53 healthy control subjects (27 males, 26 females aged 28.3 ± 19.2 years) were recruited for the study. Plasma electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl–), glucose and HCO3– were respectively analyzed colorimetrically and biochemically. There was an observed lower significant mean value of packed cell volume, Na+, HCO3–and glucose in Plasmodium falciparum infected subjects than the values obtained from the normal control subjects with p < 0.05. Higher significant mean value of Cl– and K+ was observed in the test than the control subjects (p < 0.05). Significantly lower packed cell volume, Na+, Cl–, glucose and higher significant K+ levels were observed in the test subjects aged 1-10 years than test subjects aged 11-72 years with p < 0.05. This study further affirms the effects of Plasmodium falciparum infection on the pattern of packed cell volume, plasma electrolytes and glucose concentrations.
Key words: Electrolytes, Plasmodium falciparum, Glucose, Packed Cell Volume

Afr. J. Clin. Exper. Microbiol. 2005; 6(2): 87-90