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Prevalence, molecular characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of clinical isolates of Clostridioides difficile in southeastern Nigeria

*1,2Oghonyon, 1,3Ugwu, M. C., 1,3Esimone, C. O., and 2Onah, A. I.

 [1]Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

[2]Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

[3]TETFUND Centre of Excellence for Biomedical, Engineering and Agricultural Translational studies, Nnamdi

Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: oghonyonei@dufuhs.edu.ng, eddisonioghonyon@gmail.com; +2348038469094

 

Abstract:

 Background: Clostridioides difficile is a major contributor to healthcare-associated infections, exhibiting global variations in its prevalence and resistance. There is an absence of data on its molecular characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of C. difficile in southeastern Nigeria. This study aims to evaluate its prevalence, molecular features, and resistance patterns to enhance treatment and control strategies.  Continue reading “Prevalence, molecular characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of clinical isolates of Clostridioides difficile in southeastern Nigeria”

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Candida bloodstream infection among immunocompromised paediatric patients admitted to the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

*1Anozie, C. E., 2Okesola, A., 3Makanjuola, O., 4Ayanbekun, T., 5Mohammed, A. R., and 6Fasuyi, T.

1Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria

2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria

3Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria

4Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal Medical Centre, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria

5Department of Medical Microbiology, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria 6Department of Medical Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: anoziechikezie@gmail.com; 08035607642

Abstract:
Background: Invasive candidiasis is a major hospital acquired fungal infection in Nigeria. Despite advances in support of critically ill patients, candidaemia is still associated with high morbidity and mortality. Data on Candida bloodstream infection among paediatric patients is limited in Nigeria and this informed this study, which was undertaken to investigate the prevalence, species distribution, antifungal susceptibility pattern for blood stream infections due to Candida species in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Continue reading “Candida bloodstream infection among immunocompromised paediatric patients admitted to the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria”

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Serological and molecular detection of hepatitis C virus among students in a tertiary educational institution in Calabar, Nigeria

*1Mbah, M., 1Nwabunike, V. O., 1Akpan, S. S., 2Tangban, E. E., and 1Bassey, E. E.

1Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

2Department of Social Works, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
*Correspondence to: mauricembah@yahoo.fr; +2347039121644; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-1985-2925X

Abstract:
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem and continues to be a major disease burden in the world, associated with serious health challenges including liver cirrhosis, cancer, lymphomas and death. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of HCV infection among students of the University of Calabar. Continue reading “Serological and molecular detection of hepatitis C virus among students in a tertiary educational institution in Calabar, Nigeria”

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HIV status of individuals who underwent pre-employment medical screening at a federal tertiary health institution in southeast Nigeria

1Ehidiamhen, F. E., 2Agwu, U. M., *3Eze, G. O., 1Ogbata, S. E., 4Chukwu, C. G., 1Akujobi, C. N., and 5Nnoli, M. A,

1Department of Pathology, David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital, PMB 337, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital, PMB 337, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

3Department of Clinical Sciences and Training, David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital, PMB 337, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

4Department of Planning, Research and Statistics, David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital, PMB 337, Uburu, Ebonyi State Nigeria 5Department of Pathology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: godsoneze46@gmail.com; +2348066656631; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-1036

Abstract:
Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets the host immune system, particularly the CD4 T cells. The host resistance to opportunistic and non-opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis, fungal infections, severe bacterial infections, and several malignancies is weakened as a result of destruction of these CD4 cells by HIV. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV among individuals who participated in pre-employment medical screening at David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, with the aim of connecting those who are HIV-positive to voluntary counseling and treatment programs. Continue reading “HIV status of individuals who underwent pre-employment medical screening at a federal tertiary health institution in southeast Nigeria”

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Prevalence of symptomatic significant bacteriuria and associated risk factors among patients attending major hospitals in Calabar, Nigeria

*[1]Bassey, E. E., 1Mbah, M., 1Akpan, S. S., [2]Ikpi, E. E., and 1Alaribe, A. A. A.

1Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

2Department of Urology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: emmanueleffiong2046@gmail.com; ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2029-5611

 

Abstract:

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most encountered bacterial infections of humans and affect both male and female of all age groups, resulting in high mortality, without proper management. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, aetiological agents, and factors associated with symptomatic significant bacteriuria/UTI among patients attending selected hospitals in Calabar metropolis, Nigeria.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study of 240 patients with suspected UTI, from whom mid-stream voided urine samples were collected for culture on Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar. Uropathogens growth on the culture media were characterized using conventional microbiological and biochemical tests, and confirmed with API® 20E and 20NE (BioMérieux) identification system. Data on socio-demographic, clinical symptoms and potential risk factors were obtained using structured questionnaire. Pearson Chi-square was employed to determine association between categorical variables with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Continue reading “Prevalence of symptomatic significant bacteriuria and associated risk factors among patients attending major hospitals in Calabar, Nigeria”

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Prevalence of asymptomatic significant bacteriuria and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates in HIV-infected patients in Ilorin, Nigeria

*1Bale, M. I., 1Sinumvayo, J. P., 2Badmus, R. A., 3Babatunde, S. K., 4Aroyehun, A. B., and 1Adeyemo, R. O.

  1Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences,  University of Rwanda, Republic of Rwanda

2Department of Microbiology Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University,  Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria

3Department of Biological Sciences, Kola Daisi University, Ibadan, Nigeria

4Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, King’s College, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, Scotland

*Correspondence to: muribaale@gmail.com; i.muritala@ur.ac.rw

Abstract:

 Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common type of infections worldwide, and this is usually preceded by asymptomatic significant bacteriuria (ASB). The emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria responsible for UTI makes this entity of public challenge, which has been fueled by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This study determined the prevalence of ASB and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from urine samples of selected HIV-infected patients in Ilorin, Nigeria. Continue reading “Prevalence of asymptomatic significant bacteriuria and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates in HIV-infected patients in Ilorin, Nigeria”

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Prevalence and phenotypic characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from critically ill patients in two healthcare facilities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

[1]Ogbonna, O., *1Onuoha, S. C., [2]David, I. E., [3]Onwa, C. N., 4Eromonsele, B. O., and 3Ogbu, O.

1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

2Department of Home Economics and Hospitality, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria         

3Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

4Department of Microbiology, College of Sciences, Evangel University, Akaeze, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: sconuoha@yahoo.com

 

Abstract:

 Background: The intrinsic property of Acinetobacter baumannii to survive in harsh conditions on environmental surfaces and its ability to resist commonly used antibiotics in hospitals make this pathogen to be one of the most prevalent causes of hospital infections. The present study was aimed at determining the prevalence of A. baumannii among critically ill patients in two tertiary hospitals; Alex Ekwueme-Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AE-FUTHA) and Mater Misericodiae Hospital Afikpo (MMHA) in Ebonyi State, southeast Nigeria. Continue reading “Prevalence and phenotypic characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from critically ill patients in two healthcare facilities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria”

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Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility pattern of oral candidiasis among HIV-infected patients in a Mission Hospital, southeast Nigeria

*1Ekwealor, C. C., 2Nweke, C. J., 1Anaukwu, C. G., 1Anakwenze, V. N., 1Ogbukagu, C. M., and 3Mba, A. N.

1Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

2Department of Basic Clinical Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria

3David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: c.ekwealor@unizik.edu.ng; +234(0)8035080790; ORCID: 0000-0002-7171-2174

Abstract:  

Background: Oral candidiasis is an infection that follows colonization of oral cavity by Candida species mostly Candida albicans. About 90% of HIV-infected persons develop this disease during the course of HIV infection and could serve as early sign of HIV-related immunodeficiency. Treatment involves the use of antifungal drugs. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of oral candidiasis and the susceptibility of isolated Candida species to available antifungal agents among selected HIV-infected patients in a mission hospital, southeast Nigeria.  Continue reading “Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility pattern of oral candidiasis among HIV-infected patients in a Mission Hospital, southeast Nigeria”

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Prevalence of COVID-19 at the Wahgnion-Gold mining site in Burkina Faso and use of RT-PCR initial cycle threshold to monitor the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 load

+1Cissé, A., +*1,2Lingani, M., 1Tao, M., 1Nana, S., 1Kaboré, B., 3Eric D. A. S., 4Nassouri, A., 1Diagbouga, S., 5Bamba, S., and 1Tarnagda, Z.

1National Influenza Reference Laboratory, Unité des Maladies à Potentiel Epidémique, Maladies Émergentes et

Zoonoses, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Burkina Faso

2Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso

3Teranga Gold Corporation, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

4Wahgnion Gold Operation, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

5Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

*Correspondence to: lingani10@yahoo.fr; +joint first authors

 

Abstract:

 Background: To control the spread of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is necessary to adequately identify and isolate infectious patients particularly at the work place. Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is the recommended confirmatory method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of SARSCoV-2 infection in Burkina Faso and to use the initial cycle threshold (Ct) values of RT-PCR as a tool to monitor the dynamics of the viral load.

Methodology: Between September 2021 and February 2022, oropharyngeal and/or nasopharyngeal swab samples of consecutively selected COVID-19 symptomatic and apparently healthy workers from the Wahgnion mining site in the South-western Burkina Faso who consented to the study were collected according to the two weeks shift program and tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR assay. Patients positive for the virus were followed-up weekly until tests were negative. Association of the initial RT-PCR Ct values with disease duration was assessed by adjusted linear regression approach. Two-sided p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Continue reading “Prevalence of COVID-19 at the Wahgnion-Gold mining site in Burkina Faso and use of RT-PCR initial cycle threshold to monitor the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 load”

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Prevalence and distribution of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus infection in a rural community of Edo State, Nigeria

[1]Okoeguale, J., *[2]Samuel, S. O., [3]Amadi, S. C., 1Njoku, A., and 1Okome, G. B. O.

1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria

2Department of Medical Microbiology, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria

3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: samuelolowo2003@gmail.com

Abstract:

Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses and most women in the world are probably infected with at least one type of the virus during their sexual life. Oncogenic HPVs are predominantly sexually-transmitted pathogens and several high-risk types are associated with nearly all cases of cervical cancer worldwide. In view of paucity of data on the prevalence and distribution of various high risk HPV subtypes, this study was carried out to provide evidence based local data for cervical cancer preventive programs within this region.

Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 145 consenting women living in Ugbegun rural community of Edo central senatorial district, Edo State, Nigeria. Informed consent of each participant was obtained and socio-demographic information collected through interviewer-administered collection tool. Cervical swab sample was collected using the female cervical cell collection kit for HPV DNA testing. HPV DNA was detected by the Hybribio 21 HPV Geno array test kit which uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and flow through hybridization assay. Summary statistics were presented as mean, standard deviation, median, frequency and proportions as appropriate using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Association of sociodemographic characteristics of the women with HPV prevalence was done using the ‘t’ test, with p value less than 0.5 considered statistical significance. Continue reading “Prevalence and distribution of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus infection in a rural community of Edo State, Nigeria”