Prevalence of Salmonella Typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and intestinal parasites among male food handlers in Laghouat Province, Algeria

 

*[1]Sebaa, S., [2]Baroudi, D., and 1,[3]Hakem, A.  

 

1Laboratory of Exploration and Valorization of Steppic Ecosystems, Faculty SNV, University of Ziane Achour, 17000 Djelfa, Algeria

2National Veterinary School, Issad Abbes Street, El-Alia, Algiers, Algeria

3Research Center in Agro-pastoralism, Moudjbara Road, 17000 Djelfa, Algeria

*Correspondence to: soumiasebaa22@gmail.com

 

Abstract:

 

Background: Food-borne diseases are a global public health problem, most especially in developing countries. Food handlers with a low level of personal hygiene may be colonized or infected by a wide range of enteric pathogenic micro-organisms including intestinal parasites and bacteria. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Salmonella Typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and intestinal parasites among male food handlers in Laghouat province, southern Algeria. Continue reading “Prevalence of Salmonella Typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and intestinal parasites among male food handlers in Laghouat Province, Algeria”

Anti-Salmonella activity of metabolites from African soldier termites, Macrotermes bellicosus

1 Afolayan, E. M., 1 Babayi, H., 2* Reuben, R. C., and 3 Akintola, R. I.
1. Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
2. Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Nassarawa State Polytechnic, Lafia, Nigeria
3. National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
*. Correspondence to: reubenrine@yahoo.com

Abstract:
Background: The global emergence and rapid dissemination of multidrug resistant Salmonella strains necessitate research to find new antimicrobials that will effectively be used against these pathogens. In the present study, anti-Salmonella activity of metabolites from African Soldier Termites, Macrotermes bellicosus was demonstrated and subsequently compared with a potent antibiotic, ciprofloxacin. Materials and Methods: N-hexane, ethylacetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of metabolites from the M. bellicosus were assayed for anti-Salmonella activity using the agar dilution method in the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The inhibitory activities of the extracts were compared to ciprofloxacin (256μg/ml). Also, the bioactive components of the extracts were determined using standard techniques. Results: At 4000 μg/ml, N-hexane extract inhibited the growth of Salmonella Typhi, S. Paratyphi A, B and C while ethylacetate extract was able to inhibit S. Paratyphi A and C. Methanolic and aqueous extracts at the same concentration were unable to inhibit these strains of Salmonella. Furthermore, our findings revealed that the MIC of ethylacetate extract was 2000μg/ml for S. Paratyphi A and B, 250μg/ml for S. Typhi, and 125μg/ml for S. Paratyphi C. Also, the MIC of hexane extract was 4000μg/ml for S. Paratyphi B, 2000 μg/ml for S. Paratyphi C, 500μg/ml for S. Typhi and 250μg/ml for S. Paratyphi A respectively. The screening of bioactive components revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides and alkaloids. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence of anti-Salmonella action of metabolites from African Soldier Termites, M. bellicosus. N-hexane and ethylacetate extracts of M. bellicosus may be explored as novel antimicrobials for the treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers thereby reducing the pressure exerted on available antibiotics.

Keywords: Salmonella, antimicrobials, insects, extracts

Received March 7, 2018; Revised April 10, 2019; Accepted April 11, 2019

Copyright 2019 AJCEM Open Access.

This article is licensed and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrition 4.0 International License (//creativecommmons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.

Activité anti-Salmonella des métabolites de termites soldats africains, Macrotermes bellicosus

1 Afolayan, E. M., 1 Babayi, H., 2* Reuben, R. C., and 3 Akintola, R. I.

1 Département de microbiologie, Université fédérale de technologie, Minna, Nigéria
2 Département de technologie des laboratoires scientifiques, polytechnique de l’État de Nassarawa, Lafia, Nigéria
3 Institut national de recherche vétérinaire, Vom, Nigéria            *Correspondance à: reubenrine@yahoo.com

Abstrait
Contexte: L’émergence et la dissémination rapide de souches de Salmonella multirésistantes nécessitent des recherches pour trouver de nouveaux antimicrobiens qui seront utilisés efficacement contre ces agents pathogènes. Dans la présente étude, l’activité anti-Salmonella de métabolites de Macrotermes bellicosus, African Soldier Termites, a été démontrée et comparée par la suite à un antibiotique puissant, la ciprofloxacine. Matériels et méthodes: L’activité anti-Salmonella a été dosée avec du N-hexane, de l’acétate d’éthyle, du méthanol et des extraits aqueux de métabolites provenant de M. bellicosus en utilisant la méthode de dilution en gélose dans la détermination de la concentration minimale inhibitrice (CMI) et de la concentration bactéricide (MBC). Les activités inhibitrices des extraits ont été comparées à la ciprofloxacine (256μg/ml). En outre, les composants bioactifs des extraits ont été déterminés à l’aide de techniques classiques. Résultats: À 4000μg/ml, l’extrait de N-hexane inhibe la croissance de Salmonella Typhi, S. Paratyphi A, B et C alors que l’extrait d’acétate d’éthyle est capable d’inhiber S. Paratyphi A et C. Les extraits méthaniques et aqueux à la même concentration ne peuvent inhiber ces souches de Salmonella. En outre, nos résultats ont révélé que la CMI de l’extrait d’acétate d’éthyle était de 2000μg/ml pour S. Paratyphi A et B, de 250 μg/ml pour S. Typhi et de 125μg/ml pour S. Paratyphi C. De plus, la CMI de l’extrait d’hexane était de 4000μg/ml pour S. Paratyphi B, 2000μg/ml pour S. Paratyphi C, 500μg/ml pour S. Typhi et 250μg/ml pour S. Paratyphi A respectivement. Le dépistage des composants bioactifs a révélé la présence de glucosides et d’alcaloïdes cardiaques. Conclusion: Nos résultats fournissent des preuves de l’action anti-Salmonella des métabolites de termites de soldat africains, M. bellicosus. Des extraits d’N-hexane et d’acétate d’éthyle de M. bellicosus peuvent être explorés comme nouveaux antimicrobiens pour le traitement des fièvres typhoïde et paratyphoïde, réduisant ainsi la pression exercée sur les antibiotiques disponibles
Mots-clés: Salmonella, antimicrobiens, insectes, extraits

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Anti-Salmonella activity of metabolites from African soldier termites, Macrotermes bellicosus

Public health implications of Salmonella species contamination of naira notes obtained from butchers in Abakaliki meat market, Ebonyi state

I.B. Moses, E.N. Ugbo, I.R. Iroha, E.G. Ukpai, S.C. Eluu, D.C. Ilang, S.N. Otozi

 

Abstract

Daily transactions have made paper currencies to pass through many  hands, and pathogens become imposed on them before they are finally deposited in banks. This study evaluates the public health implications of Salmonella species contamination of naira notes obtained from butchers in Abakaliki meat market, Ebonyi State. A total of 95 samples of naira notes in different denominations (N5 to N1000) were randomly collected from butchers within Abakaliki metropolis between the months of March and May, 2016. All the naira note samples were analysed using standard  microbiological procedures. A total of nine (9.5 %) Salmonella spp isolates were obtained from the 95 naira note samples. All the Salmonella spp  isolates were completely resistant (100 %) to ceftazidime. The highest susceptibility frequency was observed for ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, meropenem, imipenem, and ofloxacin with values ranging from 88.9 % – 77.8 %. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean percentage resistance and susceptibility of the Salmonella spp isolates (P ˂ 0.05). Most of the Salmonella spp isolates exhibited multi-drug resistant traits as they were resistant to at least two different classes of antibiotics. The average multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MARI) of the Salmonella spp isolates was 0.35. This study shows that ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, meropenem, imipenem, and ofloxacin are still effective in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by Salmonella spp. Proper and hygienic handling of paper currencies is of public health importance so as to avert health challenges associated with microbial contamination of bank notes especially Salmonella spp.

KeywordsSalmonella, Naira notes, butchers, antibiotics, public health

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Public health implications of Salmonella species contamination of naira notes obtained from butchers in Abakaliki meat market, Ebonyi state