School children – afrjcem.org

1 Sangue Soppa, N. P., 1 Mekam Nkengni, S. M., 1 Nguepnang, R. P., 2 Vignoles, P., 3,4 Tchuem-Tchuenté, L. A., and 1* Djuikwo Teukeng, F. F.
1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Banekane, Université des Montagnes, P. O. Box 208, Bangangté, Cameroon
2 INSERM U 1094, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, 2, rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
3 Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, Texaco Omnisport, P. O. Box 7244, Yaoundé, Cameroon
4 Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
*Correspondence to: ffnouboue@yahoo.fr

Abstract:
Background: The Kato-Katz technique is recommended for diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection by the World Health Organization. However, egg counts are subject to variability. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of S. mansoni infection in school children using two different techniques and to recommend the technique that should be routinely used in the diagnosis of this infection.
Methodology: Field investigations on faecal samples from 299 Cameroonian school children were carried out in 2016 to compare the effectiveness of the Kato-Katz and Formalin-ether techniques in diagnosis of S. mansoni infections.
Results: Schistosome eggs were detected in 37 (12.3%) samples with the Kato-Katz technique and 61 (20.4%) samples with the Formalin-ether technique. The difference between the prevalence observed for the two techniques was significant in males and age group 10 – 12 years (p < 0.5).
Conclusion: The Formalin-ether technique was more sensitive than the Kato-Katz method for detecting S. mansoni eggs in faecal matter. Despite its cost, the Formalin-ether technique can be routinely used in the laboratory for epidemiological studies of intestinal schistosomiasis

Key words: Formalin-ether, Kato-Katz Schistosoma mansoni, school children

Received January 9, 2019; Revised March 14, 2019; Accepted March 28, 2019

Copyright 2019 AJCEM Open Access. This article is licensed and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrition 4.0 International License (//creativecommmons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.

Comparaison de deux techniques de diagnostic pour déterminer la prévalence d’infections à Schistosoma mansoni chez des écoliers camerounais

1 Sangue Soppa, N. P., 1 Mekam Nkengni, S. M., 1Nguepnang, R. P., 2 Vignoles, P., 3,4 Tchuem-Tchuenté, L. A., and 1* Djuikwo Teukeng, F. F.

1 Faculté des sciences de la santé, Campus de Banekane, Université des Montagnes, P. O. Box 208, Bangangté, Cameroun
2 INSERM U 1094, Institut de Neuroépidémiologie et de neurologie tropicale, 2, rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
3 Centre pour la schistosomiase et la parasitologie, Texaco Omnisport, P. O. Box 7244, Yaoundé, Cameroun.
4 Laboratoire de parasitologie et d’écologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun *Correspondance à: ffnouboue@yahoo.fr

Résumé
Contexte: La méthode Kato-Katz est recommandée par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé pour le diagnostic de l’infection à Schistosoma mansoni. Cependant, le nombre d’oeufs est sujet à une variabilité. Le but de cette étude est de déterminer la prévalence de l’infection à S. mansoni chez les écoliers en utilisant deux techniques différentes et de recommander la technique à utiliser systématiquement pour le diagnostic de cette infection.
Méthodologie: Des enquêtes sur le terrain sur des échantillons de selles provenant de 299 écoliers camerounais ont été menées en 2016 pour comparer l’efficacité des techniques de Kato-Katz et au formol-éther dans le diagnostic des infections à S. mansoni.
Résultats: Des oeufs de schistosomes ont été détectés dans 37 échantillons (12,3%) avec la technique de Kato-Katz et 61 échantillons (20,4%) avec la technique au formol-éther. La différence entre la prévalence observée pour les deux techniques était significative chez les hommes et chez les 10-12 ans (p <0,5).
Conclusion: La technique au formol-éther était plus sensible que la méthode de Kato-Katz pour détecter les oeufs de S. mansoni dans les matières fécales. En dépit de son coût, la technique formol-éther peut être utilisée systématiquement en laboratoire pour des études épidémiologiques sur la schistosomiase intestinale.

Mots-clés: formol-éther, Kato-Katz, Schistosoma mansoni, écoliers

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Comparison of two diagnostic techniques to determine the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infections in Cameroonian school children

HLF Kamga, PF Nde, SA Fomumbod, F Nguemaim, TE Kwenti, DS Nsagha, NJC Assob, AL Njunda

Abstract

Background: Faecal-orally transmitted parasites are those which are spread through faecal contamination of food and drinks. Infections with these parasites are responsible for high morbidity and mortality, especially in children in developing countries.

Objective: This study was carried out to determine school children’s perception of faecal-orally transmitted parasitic infections and the relationship between that perception and the prevalence of the infections.
Methods: Data were collected through questionnaires and laboratory analysis of stool samples. The study was conducted in two phases. In phase 1 questionnaires were administered to determine children’s knowledge on the cause, risk behaviours and prevention of the faecal-orally parasite infections. Stool specimens were analyzed using the formol-ether concentration technique. Health education was utilized in the experimental village, but not the control. Phase 2 was conducted six months later during which questionnaires were distributed and stool samples analyzed from both villages.

Results: A total of 370 children were enrolled in this intervention study, out of which 208 were from Kake II (experimental arm) and 162 from Barombi-kang (control arm). At Kake II there was a significant increase in awareness in relation to the source of infection (9.5% vs. 62.5%, P< 0.001), risk behaviour (12.4% vs. 83.7, P<0.001) and prevention (17.9% vs. 84.8%, P<0.001) between the first and second phase of the study, followed by a significant change in the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides (24.9% vs. 3.4%, P<0.001), Entamoeba coli (12.9% vs. 6.5%, P<0.001), Trichuris trichiura (22.4% vs. 12.5%, P=0.004) and Entamoeba histolytica (6.0% vs. 1.9%, P=0.035). In Barombi-kang the change in the awareness was not significant (P>0.1) and there was no significant change in the prevalence of any of the faecal-orally transmitted parasites detected. The relationship between the perception and the prevalence of feacal orally transmitted parasitic infections showed a strong negative correlation (r dispersed between -0.97 and -99)
Conclusion: Health education applied in the experimental village was responsible for the changed perception of infection by children and consequently for the reduction of infestation rate. Good perception of the infection was inversely proportional to its prevalence. Therefore, health education through the framework of school proved to be an effective control method for faecalorally parasite infections. We recommend this inexpensive method to be adopted as a national policy in developing countries, especially in rural communities.

Key Words: Perception and prevalence, Faecal-orally transmitted parasitic infections, School children, Cameroon

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In-vitro antifungal effect of Garcinia kola and garlic (Alliums sativum) on vaginal isolates of candida The relationship between perception and prevalence of faecal-orally transmitted parasitic infections among school children’s in a rural community in Cameroon