HIV status of individuals who underwent pre-employment medical screening at a federal tertiary health institution in southeast Nigeria

1Ehidiamhen, F. E., 2Agwu, U. M., *3Eze, G. O., 1Ogbata, S. E., 4Chukwu, C. G., 1Akujobi, C. N., and 5Nnoli, M. A,

1Department of Pathology, David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital, PMB 337, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital, PMB 337, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

3Department of Clinical Sciences and Training, David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital, PMB 337, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

4Department of Planning, Research and Statistics, David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital, PMB 337, Uburu, Ebonyi State Nigeria 5Department of Pathology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: godsoneze46@gmail.com; +2348066656631; ORCID: //orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-1036

Abstract:
Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets the host immune system, particularly the CD4 T cells. The host resistance to opportunistic and non-opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis, fungal infections, severe bacterial infections, and several malignancies is weakened as a result of destruction of these CD4 cells by HIV. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV among individuals who participated in pre-employment medical screening at David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, with the aim of connecting those who are HIV-positive to voluntary counseling and treatment programs. Continue reading “HIV status of individuals who underwent pre-employment medical screening at a federal tertiary health institution in southeast Nigeria”

Seroprevalence of microbial organisms during routine infertility evaluation at University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria

*Osaikhuwuomwan, J. A., and Sodje, J. D. K.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin-City, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: jagbons1@yahoo.com & james.osaikhuwuomwan@uniben.edu

Abstract:
Background: The association of genital microorganism with infertility has been documented but no consensus exists. Understanding their prevalence amongst infertile clients may assist in facilitating better screening protocols. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of microorganisms routinely screened among women undergoing infertility evaluation at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Methods: A three year (January 2015 to December 2017) retrospective survey of all patients evaluated for infertility at the assisted reproduction unit of the hospital was undertaken. Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) virus and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were microorganisms serologically assayed at the unit. We analyzed data containing patients’ demography and results of serological assay of these microorganisms. Results: There were 576 patients (288 couples) who completed their microbiological evaluation during the study period. The mean age (years) of female partners was 38.2±5.7, while the mean age of the male partners was 42.7±6.1. The frequency of CMV positive assay for infertile couples was 129 (22.4%); C. trachomatis 125 (21.7%); M. hominis 92 (15.9%) and U. urealyticum 76 (13.2%). Overall, more women (50.7%) were seropositive compared to men (26%). HIV was positive in 10 patients (1.73%) with 60% being women. HBV was seropositive in 8 (1.4%) (women 62.5% and men 37.5%) while HCV was positive in only 2 (0.3%) patient. Majority (over 80%) of couples were sero-discordant with 20% (2) concordance rate for HIV and 12.5% (1) for hepatitis B. Conclusion: Despite a relatively high seroprevalence rate of the studied microorganisms, the documented uncertainty on their association with infertility or its treatment limits justification for incorporation of routine screening of microbiological organisms into standard protocols for evaluation of infertile couples. A robust study on the impact of genital microorganism on specific infertility variables with comparison to fertile controls is recommended.

Keywords: microorganism, viruses, infertility, assisted reproduction, serological assay, screening

Received March 20, 2019; Revised May 7, 2019; Accepted May 9, 2019

Copyright 2019 AJCEM Open Access. This article is licensed and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrition 4.0 International License (//creativecommmons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.

 

Séroprévalence d’organismes microbiens au cours de l’évaluation de routine de l’infertilité à l’hôpital universitaire de Benin, Benin-City, Nigéria

*Osaikhuwuomwan, J. A., and Sodje, J. D. K.
Département d’obstétrique et de gynécologie, Collège des sciences médicales, Université du Bénin, Benin-City, Nigéria

*Correspondance à: jagbons1@yahoo.com & james.osaikhuwuomwan@uniben.edu

Abstrait:
Contexte: L’association d’un microorganisme génital à l’infertilité a été documentée mais il n’y a pas de consensus. Comprendre leur prévalence chez les clients infertiles peut aider à faciliter de meilleurs protocoles de dépistage. L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la prévalence des micro-organismes régulièrement dépistés chez les femmes subissant une évaluation de la stérilité à l’hôpital universitaire de Bénin. Méthodes: Une enquête rétrospective de trois ans (de janvier 2015 à décembre 2017) sur tous les patients évalués pour l’infertilité dans l’unité de procréation assistée de l’hôpital a été entreprise. Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, cytomégalovirus (CMV), l’hépatite B (VHB), le virus de l’hépatite C (VHC) et le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH) étaient des microorganismes testés sérologiquement à l’unité. Nous avons analysé les données contenant la démographie des patients et les résultats du dosage sérologique de ces micro-organismes. Résultats: 576 patients (288 couples) ont terminé leur évaluation microbiologique au cours de la période d’étude. L’âge moyen (en années) des partenaires féminins était de 38,2 ± 5,7 ans, tandis que l’âge moyen des partenaires masculins était de 42,7 ± 6,1. La fréquence du test CMV-positif pour les couples infertiles était de 129 (22,4%); C. trachomatis 125 (21,7%); M. hominis 92 (15,9%) et U. urealyticum 76 (13,2%). Dans l’ensemble, plus de femmes (50,7%) étaient séropositives que d’hommes (26%). Le VIH était positif chez 10 patients (1,73%), dont 60% de femmes. Le VHB était séropositif chez 8 (1,4%) (les femmes 62,5% et les hommes 37,5%), tandis que le VHC était positif chez seulement 2 patients (0,3%). La majorité (plus de 80%) des couples étaient sérodiscordants avec un taux de concordance de 20% pour le VIH et de 12,5% (1) pour l’hépatite B. Conclusion: Malgré un taux de séroprévalence relativement élevé des microorganismes étudiés, l’incertitude documentée de leur l’association à l’infertilité ou à son traitement limite la justification de l’incorporation du dépistage systématique des organismes microbiologiques dans les protocoles standard d’évaluation des couples infertiles. Une étude robuste sur l’impact des microorganismes génitaux sur des variables spécifiques d’infertilité comparées aux témoins fertiles est

Mots-clés: microorganisme, virus, infertilité, procréation assistée, test sérologique, dépistage

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Seroprevalence of microbial organisms during routine infertility evaluation at University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria

 

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) antibodies in pregnant women in Anyigba, Kogi State, North Central Nigeria

EO Nwankwo, AM Lawal, M Abba

 

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health concern. The aim of this study was  to ascertain the seroprevalence and risk factors of HCV antibodies among pregnant women in  Anyigba, Kogi State North Central Nigeria.

Materials and methods:Blood samples (5mls) were collected from one hundred and thirty consenting pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Grimad hospital and eighty non-pregnant women from the out-patient clinic were screened for the presence of HCV antibodies. This was done by Skytech diagnostic  laboratory rapid strip (USA) and confirmed by ELISA method.

Results: Out of 130 pregnant women 9(6.9%) were confirmed to be positive to HCV antibodies. Also out of 80 non-pregnant women of the same age group, used as control, 4(5.0%) were positive.

Conclusion: A prevalence rate of 6.9% calls for urgent attention by policy makers and healthcare providers to begin massive enlightenment of this problem. All pregnant women should be screened for early detection.

Keywords: Hepatitis C Virus, Pregnancy, Screening, Transmission.

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) antibodies in pregnant women in Anyigba, Kogi State, North Central Nigeria