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Antibiotic susceptibility of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in a hospital setting in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A twelve-year retrospective analysis

[1]*Kafando, H., 1Ouattara, M., 1Kienou, M., 1Coulidiaty, Y. D., 1Ouattara, K., 1Ouédraogo, R., 1Sawadogo, M., 1Guira, C., 3,4Ouédraogo, A. S., [2],5Sanou, I., and 1,2Sangaré, L.

 

1Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, 03 BP 7022, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso

2Training and Research Unit in Health Science, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

3National Reference Laboratory for the Control of Antimicrobial Resistance (NRL-AMR), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

4National Institute of Health Sciences, NAZI BONI University, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

5Laboratory Department, Tengandogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso *Correspondence to: hervekafando7@gmail.com; 0022676146695

 

Abstract:

 Background: Escherichia coli is the main bacterium responsible for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI). The increasing frequency of antibiotic resistance in E. coli isolates from UTI poses concern in their therapeutic management. The aim of this study is to describe the current antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli clinical isolates at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital of Ouagadougou (CHUYO), Burkina Faso, with a view to revising the treatment protocols for bacterial UTI. Continue reading “Antibiotic susceptibility of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in a hospital setting in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A twelve-year retrospective analysis”

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Resistance profiles of urinary Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to antibiotics commonly prescribed for treatment of urinary tract infections at Monkole Hospital Center, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

1,2Mukubwa, G. K., 2,3Lukusa, F. N., 4Kavulikirwa, O. K., 5,6Liesse, J. I., *2,7Tshilolo, L. M., and *1,8,9Memvanga, P. B.

1Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2Laboratory Service, Monkole Hospital Center, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

3Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa,

Democratic Republic of the Congo

4Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary medicine Catholic University of Graben,

Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo

5Laboratory of Experimental and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

6Centre Universitaire de Référence de Surveillance de la Résistance aux Antimicrobiens, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

7Health Training and Support Center, CEFA-Monkole, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

8Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Catholic University of Graben, Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo

9Pôle interuniversitaire d’Innovation pour la mise en place d’une approche verte de lutte contre la Résistance aux Antimicrobiens (PI-RAM), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo *Correspondence to: patrick.memvanga@unikin.ac.cd and leon.tshilolo2012@gmail.com

 

Abstract:

Background: The occurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria is increasing worldwide and has become a major public health concern that requires global attention. To promote better treatment outcome of UTI and raise awareness of antibiotic resistance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), we investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial pathogens frequently isolated from urine samples of inpatients and outpatients with symptoms of UTI at the Monkole Hospital Center (MHC), Kinshasa from June 2017 to May 2018.

Methodology: This was a retrospective review of results of uro-cultures of urine samples of both inpatients and outpatients who had clinical symptoms of UTI, over a period of one year at the MHC, Kinshasa, DRC. During this period, aerobic uro-cultures of urine were done on MacConkey agar (MAC) or Cystine-LactoseElectrolyte-Deficient (CLED) agar media at 37oC incubation for 24 hours. Identification of bacterial isolates on the culture media and antimicrobial susceptibility to sixteen selected antibiotics were done using the integral system enterobacteria and the Vitek® 2 automated system according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The R-studio software was used for statistical analysis. Continue reading “Resistance profiles of urinary Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to antibiotics commonly prescribed for treatment of urinary tract infections at Monkole Hospital Center, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo”

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Antimicrobial resistance pattern of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli on carbapenems

E.K. Oladipo, O.A. Ajibade, I.J. Adeosun, E.H. Awoyelu, S.B. Akinade, O.A. Alabi, O.A. Ayilara

 

Abstract

Background: Carbapenems are the most effective and important  therapeutic options to serious infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. However, Carbepenems resistant  isolates of  Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeroginosa are increasing worldwide. This study, therefore, was carried out to determine the resistance pattern of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli to Carbapenems.

Methods: Fifty (50) E. coli and forty seven (47) Pseudomonas aeruginosa  isolates were studied. Antibiotic  Susceptibility test was performed as recommended by the CLSI. The antibiotics used were Ertapenem,  Imipenem, Colistin Sulphate, Levofloxacin, and Piperacillin/Tazobactam.

Results: Out of 97 clinical isolates subjected to drug susceptibilities test,  Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed resistance to Ertapenem (87.2%); followed by Levofloxacin (19.1%), Colistin sulphate (12.8%),  Piperacillin/tazobactan (4.3%) and Imipenem (2.1%) while E.coli displayed resistance to Ertapenem (30%), Levofloxacin (20%) and Colistin sulphate
(4%). Interestingly, E coli was susceptible to Imipenem (0%) and   Piperacillin/tazobactan (0%). A significant effect of Ertapenem on  Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recorded. Also a significant effect of  Piperacillin/Tazobactam was recorded on E coli. No significant effect was recorded among the other antibiotics on P aeruginosa or E coli.

Conclusion: There is a high level of Carbapenems resistance among the clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to Escherichia coli in this study. Considering the therapeutic value of Carbapenems as one of the last options for the treatment of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, rational Carbapenems usage is essential to reduce selective pressure over Enterobacteriaceae andPseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.

Keywords: Carbapenems, Antibiotics, Nosocomial, Susceptibility

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Antimicrobial resistance pattern of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli on carbapenems

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Prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility profile of Enterococcus spp. Isolated from some hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria

J.C. Ndubuisi, O.S. Olonitola, A.T. Olayinka, E.D. Jatau, K.C. Iregbu

 

Abstract

This study investigated the prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility of Enterococcus spp. isolated from patients and some selected hospital environment in Abuja, Nigeria. The samples included clinical and environmental. The clinical samples included stool, urine and wound swabs while the environmental samples included swabs samples taken from the health care givers hands, floor, beds, door handle, BP cuff, stethoscope, sink, toilet seats. The samples were cultured on bile aesculinazide agar and the isolates were identified with microgen test kit. The enterococcal strains isolated include Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus gallinarum,Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus dispar, Enterococcoushirae and Enterococcus avium. The susceptibility testing was done with vancomycin, teicoplanin, gentamicin, streptomycin, linezolid, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, nitrofurantoin, erythromycin and rifampin. More than 50% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin, rifampin and doxycycline. E-test M.I.C confirmed 12 out of 34 strains to be intermediately resistant to vancomycin. Enterococcus faeciumand Enterococcus mundtii exhibited more resistance than Enterococcus faecalis.

Keyword: Enterococcus spp., samples, Isolates, Hospitals, susceptibility, resistance, vancomycin

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Prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility profile of Enterococcus spp. Isolated from some hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

KC Iregbu, SO Eze

 

Abstract

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a known opportunistic pathogen frequently causing serious infections. It exhibits innate resistance to a wide range of antibiotics thus causing high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Objective: This study was done to determine the distribution and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in NHA.
Method: Laboratory data on 265 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from a total of 30,384 clinical specimens processed over a 3 year period (January 1st 2010 to December 31st 2012) were analyzed.
Results: A total 30,384 samples were submitted for bacteriologic analysis, 265 (1%) yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa of which 195 (74%) were from in-patient sand 70 (26%) fromout-patients.185 (70%) isolates were from adults while 80 (30%) were from children. 87% of the isolates were susceptible to imipenem, 77% to amikacin, while 34% were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 46% resistant to ceftazidime.
Conclusion: The relatively high proportion of resistance to ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime, and the emerging resistance to amikacin and imipenem are worrisome and calls for rational antibiotic use and institution of effective resistance surveillance and infection control measures.

Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, National Hospital Abuja, Susceptibility

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

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Microbial Contamination of Locally Produced Cheese and Determination of their Antimicrobial Potential in Nigeria

DO Ogbolu, AAO Terry, AS Oluremi, AA Olanrewaju

 

Abstract

The high consumptionrate of soft cheese and manner of cheese production in Nigeria prompted the need to determine the microbial quality and  antimicrobial properties of locally produced cheese in Nigeria. A total of 20 cheese samples were obtained from different points in 4 cities in southern Nigeria, 5 cheeses per city. They were investigated for some physico-chemical properties, isolation and microbial counts and determination of antimicrobial potential. There was no significant variation in the  composition of physic-chemical properties of cheese samples from various cities except for the acidity of cheese sample obtained from Ilorin. All the 20 samples (100%) yielded low level of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with counts ~ 103. Escherichia coli or Klebsiella species were constantly isolated in all the cheese samples. Similarly, yeast and Aspergillus species were isolated either alone or in a mixed culture. The result showed increase in total bacteria count from the point of production to the hawkers.  Antimicrobial potential was not found in cheese against the  microorganisms used in the study. The study identified local cheese (‘wara’) as a high risk food in Nigeria due to the high rate of contamination since they are ready-to-eat food item and no antimicrobial property detected in the soft cheese.

Key Words: Cheese; Bacteria; Fungi; Nigeria, Susceptibility

 

Le taux de fromage à pâte molle et les modalités de production de  fromage au Nigeria à forte consommation a incité la nécessité de déterminer la qualité microbienne et propriétés antimicrobiennes de  fromage produit localement au Nigeria. Un total de 20 échantillons de fromage ont été obtenues à partir de différents points dans 4 villes au sud du Nigeria, 5 fromages par ville. Ils ont été étudiés pour certaines  propriétés physico-chimiques, l’isolement et les numérations microbiennes et détermination du potentiel antimicrobien. Il n’y avait aucune variation significative dans la composition des propriétés physico- chimiques des échantillons de fromage à partir de différentes villes à l’exception de l’acidité de l’échantillon obtenu à partir de fromage de la ville d’Ilorin. Tous les 20 échantillons (100%) ont donné un faible niveau de bactéries lactiques (LAB) avec environs 103 espèces. Escherichia coli ou Klebsiella
ont été constamment isolés dans tous les échantillons de fromage. De même, des espèces de levures et d’Aspergillus ont été isolés soit seuls, soit dans une culture mixte. Le résultat a montré l’augmentation des bactéries totales compté du point de production aux colporteurs. Potentiel antimicrobien n’a pas été trouvé dans le fromage contre les micro-organismes utilisés dans l’étude. L’étude a identifié fromage local (‘ wara ‘) comme un aliment à haut risque au Nigeria en raison du taux élevé de contamination, car ils sont prêts à consommer l’aliment et aucune  propriété antimicrobienne détecté dans le fromage à pâte molle.

Mots clés: Fromage; bactéries; champignons; Nigeria, sensibilité

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Microbial Contamination of Locally Produced Cheese and Determination of their Antimicrobial Potential in Nigeria

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In vitro Phenotypic Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles Of Food Indicator Bacteria Isolated From Home-Made Oral Rehydration Solutions In Nigeria

AAO Ogunshe, IL Amusan, AO Oyediran

 

Abstract

One thousand and ten bacterial isolates from ORS constituents characterised as Bacillus cereus var. mycoides, Bacillus subtilis, Citrobacter sp., Clostridium perfringes, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Shigella dysentariae, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae were screened for their in vitro antibiotic susceptibility profiles using the agar discs and agar well-diffusion methods. The Gram-negative bacteria from granulated sugar samples had 7.69% phenotypic resistance profiles while the Gram-negative bacteria from table salt samples had between 13.3% and 20.0% resistance profiles. The resistance profiles of Gram-positive bacteria from granulated sugar samples was between 8.0% and 19.0% while the Gram-positive bacteria from table salt samples had between 11.0% and 27.9 % resistance profiles towards the test antibiotic (discs). The bacterial isolates from granulated sugar exhibited resistance of between 36.4% in ampicillin + cloxacillin and 64.9% in metronidazole. while the bacterial isolates from table salt gave an overall resistance of 41.0% – 64.7% towards the twenty-eight test oral paediatric antibiotic suspensions All the bacterial isolates from the table salt and granulated sugar samples displayed multiple resistance to the test paediatric antibiotics, except Ps. aeruginosa SA12, Shigella dysenteriae SA16C, SA16D, E. aerogenes SA18A, SA18AE and E. coli SA22A which recorded no (0.0%) resistance to all the test paediatric antibiotics.

Keywords: antibiotics, In vitro, ORS, paediatric, resistance, susceptibility

African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology Vol. 9 (2) 2008 pp. 69-77

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ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF STREPTOCCOCUS PNEUMONIAE IN ILORIN, NIGERIA

AA Akanbi II, SS Taiwo, SK Babatunde, BA Onile, IS Abdulraheem

 

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing problem, particularly among previously sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae. The emergence of wide spread resistance to antimicrobial agents complicates therapy of infections caused by these organisms. Between January and December 2002, one hundred and fifty-eight isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae at the microbiology laboratory of the University of Ilorin Teaching were studied, in order to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. All the isolates were recovered from clinical samples and identified by their alpha-haemolytic reaction on sheep blood agar, bile solubility and their sensitivity to optochin. Susceptibility testing was carried out using the stokes-disc diffusion method. Majority of the Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates (78.4%) were recovered from the cerebrospinal fluids, 18 (11.3%) from sputum, 14 (9%) from throat swab and 2 (1.3%) from eye swab. Eight three percent of the isolates were resistant to penicillin G and 12.7% were resistant to more than three antibiotics. The isolates were largely sensitive to the third generation cephalosporins and quinolones. The study has shown that penicillins are no longer useful for the treatment of infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in this centre. The cephalosporins and quinolones however remained effective and are therefore recommended.

Keywords; Streptococcus pneumoniae, Susceptibility, Antimicrobial

Afr. J. Clin. Exper. Microbiol. 2004; 5(2): 172 – 176.