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Phenotypic and molecular identification of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella species isolated from apparently healthy broilers and zoo birds in Cameroon

*1Nelly, Z. Z., 2Oladele, O. A., 3,4Djim-Adjim-Ngana, K., 4Mouliom, M. M. M., 4,5Dah, I., and 6Josiane, N. M. C.

1Avian Medicine Program, Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (Including Health and Agriculture), Ibadan, Nigeria

2Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

3Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, P. O. Box 13033, Yaounde, Cameroon

4Department of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P. O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon

5National Veterinary Laboratory (LANAVET), P. O. Box 503 Garoua, Cameroon

6School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, The University of Ngaoundere, P. O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon

*Correspondence to: zimbinelly93@gmail.com

Abstract:
Background: Knowledge of antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria in food and pet birds in our environment is a prerequisite to effective control of bacterial diseases in humans and other food animals. Particularly, there is a dearth of information on the prevalence of resistant bacteria in pet and zoo birds in Cameroon. This study was carried out to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp isolates in apparently healthy poultry and zoo birds in Cameroon and to phenotypically and genotypically identify extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) isolates in the poultry and aviary birds. Continue reading “Phenotypic and molecular identification of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella species isolated from apparently healthy broilers and zoo birds in Cameroon”

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A review of the legal and ethical perspectives in HIV/AIDS management in Nigeria

 

*[1]Obaro, H. K., [2]Suleiman, B. A., [3]Ajide, O. B., [4]Aminu, B. T., 4Okonta, N. E., [5]Ojo, O. S.,    and 5Olatoke, S. O.

 

1Department of Medical Microbiology, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina, Nigeria

2Department of Family Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Katsina, Nigeria

3Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Katsina, Nigeria

4Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Katsina, Nigeria

5Department of Emergency Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Katsina, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: obarohasan@yahoo.com; +2348136436916; ORCiD: //orcid.org/0000–0003–3983–657X

 

Abstract:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) remain major public health issues in Nigeria and other developing countries. Discrimination even among healthcare workers (HCWs), which includes poor service delivery at the point-of-care and human rights abuses, are the main factors that continue to hinder HIV eradication in developing countries, and these spread across all levels of HIV/AIDS services, from counseling and testing, to treatment and care. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) have continued to suffer from unethical conduct, human rights abuses, discrimination, and stigmatization from HCWs, employers of labor, educational institutions, religious houses, and the public. There exist Federal and some State laws that protect the rights and privileges of PLWHA, prevent discrimination and stigmatization from the general public, prevent employers from discriminating against persons with HIV infection, protect workers who criticize hazardous conditions in the workplace, and offer compensation to victims of HIV-related human rights abuses and employees for contracting job-related diseases. However, HIV-related human rights abuses, stigmatization, and discrimination, have continued unabated, not because there are no laws to protect victims, but due to ignorance of the law, complicated by the fact that some existing laws have remained dormant with regard to implementation and enforcement. Domestication of these laws by various State Governments in the country and enforcement by relevant institutions are also big issues. It is imperative for healthcare professionals to be aware of current professional standards and the general public to be aware of laws protecting victims of the virus. Continue reading “A review of the legal and ethical perspectives in HIV/AIDS management in Nigeria”

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Antimicrobial properties, safety, and probiotic attributes of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Sauerkraut

*Fadare, O. S., Anyadike, C. H., Momoh, A. O., and Bello, T. K.

Department of Biological Sciences (Microbiology Unit), Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Elizade University, Wuraola Ade Ojo Avenue, P. M. B. 002, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to olalekan.fadare@elizadeuniversity.edu.ng; +2348169001041; ORCiD: 0000-0002-1749-2238

 

Abstract:

 Background: According to the World Health Organization, probiotics have been defined as live microorganisms that when administered in the right amount provide health benefits to the host. This study aims to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Sauerkraut and determine their anti-pathogenic potential and suitability as probiotics.

Methodology: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from fermented cabbage obtained from an open market in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria by inoculating the prepared cabbage suspension on triplet plates of Rogosa agar (Lactobacillus selecting agar) and incubating in an anaerobic jar with gaspaks at 37oC for 72 hours. The LAB isolates were presumptively identified phenotypically by colony morphology, Gram stain reaction, and catalase test. The antibacterial activity of the LAB isolates was then carried out using agar overlay and agar-well diffusion methods. The most efficient LAB isolate was selected based on its strong antibacterial activity, confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing and further evaluated for probiotic activities including bile salt resistance, survival in low pH, hydrophobicity of the cell surface, auto-aggregation, and co-aggregation. The putative probiotic LAB isolate was also evaluated for its safety using in vitro tests (antibiotic susceptibility testing, haemolysis, and DNase tests) and in vivo assays (sub-acute oral toxicity tests in male albino rats). Continue reading “Antimicrobial properties, safety, and probiotic attributes of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Sauerkraut”