*1Abdoulaye, O., 2Abdoulaye, I., 3Alassane Halawen, M., 4Ibrahim Mamadou, A. K., 1,5Maman Sani Falissou, S., 5,6Adamou Amatagas, S., 1Boureima, H., 2Boubacar Issaka, B., 2Ide, H., 7Yacouba, A., 1,5Sidi Maman Bacha, B., 3Chaibou, S., 2Hamadou, I., 1Harouna Amadou, M. L., 2Ousmane, S., 5Doutchi, M., and 7Mamadou, S.
1Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi, BP 465, Niger
2Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Niamey, Niger
3Hôpital Général de Référence de Niamey, Niger
4Centre Hospitalier Régional de Dosso, Niger
5Hôpital National de Zinder, Niger
6Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université André Salifou de Zinder, Niger
7Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université Abdou Moumouni, Niamey, Niger
*Correspondence to: ousmaneabdoulaye2010@yahoo.com; Cel: (+227) 96354580
Abstract:
Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a global public health challenge, which is also developing in Niger. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in Gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical samples in the biological laboratories of two selected health facilities in Niger.
Methodology: Clinical bacterial isolates were randomly collected from two biological laboratories of Zinder National Hospital and Niamey General Reference Hospital. These were multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria that have been routinely isolated from pathological samples of patients. Molecular detection of resistance genes was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using specific primers. These include plasmid-mediated AmpC beta lactamase genes (blaCITM, blaDHAM, blaFOXM), ‘Cefotaxime-Munich’ type beta lactamase genes (blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-9), KPC-type beta lactamase gene (blaKPC), Oxa-type beta lactamase gene (blaOXA-48), SHV-type beta lactamase gene (blaSHV), TEM-type beta lactamase gene (blaTEM), quinolone resistance genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS), and sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3).
Results: A total of 24 strains of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from different clinical samples were analysed. The distribution of the resistance genes detected is as follows; AmpC blaCITM (n=6; 25.0%), AmpC blaDHAM (n=4; 17.0%), AmpC blaFOXM (n=0), blaCTX-M-1 (n=11; 46.0%), blaCTX-M-2 (n=0), blaCTX-M-9 (n=0), blaKPC (n=0), blaOXA-48 (n=2; 8..0%), blaSHV (n=5; 21.0%), blaTEM (n=0), qnrA (n=0), qnrB (n=5; 21.0%), qnrS (n=17; 71.0%), sul1 (n=22; 92.0%), sul2 (n=12; 50.0%), and sul3 (n=0). All isolates tested had at least two resistance genes.
Conclusion: The results of this study provide a better understanding of the resistance situation of clinical isolates in Niger. Therefore, it is more than necessary to intensify the detection on a larger number of samples and on a national scale. This will make it possible to assess the true extent of the phenomenon and consequently guide control strategies through a national multisectoral plan.
Keywords: Gram-negative bacilli, Resistance genes, PCR, Hospitals, Niger.
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