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Bacteraemia at the tertiary care University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo: Bacterial species and their antibiotic resistance profiles

*1,2Kafando, H., 3,4Diallo, I., 5Sanou, G., 6Lompo, P., 1Ouédraogo, G. S., 4,7Sanou, I., 4,8Koeta, F., and 2,9Ouédraogo, A. S.

1Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology, University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo, 03 BP 7022, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

2National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance Control (NRL-AMR), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

3Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

4Training and Research Unit in Health Science, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

5Departement of Nephrology-Haemodialysis, University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo, Ouagadougou,
Burkina Faso

6Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante, Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-URCN), Nanoro, Burkina Faso

7Department of Laboratory, University Hospital of Tengandogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

8Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

9National Institute of Health Sciences, University Nazi Boni, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

*Correspondence to: hervekafando7@gmail.com; +22676146695

Abstract:
Background: Bloodstream infections are serious health problem because of the significant morbidity and mortality they cause. The number of deaths increases in the presence of multidrug resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological and resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from blood cultures. Continue reading “Bacteraemia at the tertiary care University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo: Bacterial species and their antibiotic resistance profiles”

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Antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains at Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo and the therapeutic consequences

1,2Mieret, T., 1,3Ontsira Ngoyi, E. N., 1,4Aloumba, A., 1, 4Ossibi Ibara, B. R., and 1,5Odzebe, A. W. S.

1Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo

2National Public Health Laboratory, Brazzaville, Congo

3Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo

4Department of Infectious Diseases, Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo

5Department of Urology, Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo

*Correspondence to: tmieret@gmail.com; Tel: 00242068806913

Abstract:
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a very frequent reason for consultations and antibiotic prescriptions in everyday practice. Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics is responsible for the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of isolation and antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated in the bacteriology-virology laboratory of the University Hospital Centre (CHU) in Brazzaville, Congo. Continue reading “Antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains at Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo and the therapeutic consequences”

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Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of five medicinal plants used against bacterial infections in Jalingo, Nigeria

*1Zenoh, D. A., 2Josephus, B., 3Halley, N., 1Endurance Okpan., 1Henry Chukwuemeka., and 1Akumbo Gemenen

1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria
2Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria
3Federal Medical Center Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria
*Correspondence to: zenoh.d@tsuniversity.edu.ng; +234 8053852525

Abstract:
Background: The prevalent utilization of medicinal plants in communities underscores their promise as antimicrobial agents amid rising antibiotic resistance. This study assesses five medicinal plants; Bambusa vulgaris, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Heteropogon contortus, Moringa oleifera, and Carica papaya against clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi and Shigella dysenteriae. Continue reading “Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of five medicinal plants used against bacterial infections in Jalingo, Nigeria”

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Aerobic vaginitis in women seen at the laboratory of the university hospital of Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar

*1Rakotovao-Ravahatra, Z. D., 2Razanadrakoto, I. I., 2Rafaramalala, S. S., 3Rakotovao, A. L., and 3Rasamindrakotroka, A.

1Laboratory of Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, University Hospital, Antananarivo, Madagascar

2Malagasy Medical Analysis Laboratory, Androhibe, Antananarivo, Madagascar

3Medical Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar

*Correspondence to: ravahatradomoina@yahoo.fr; +261 34 09 301 20

Abstract:
Background: Vaginitis is common in women. The present study aims to identify the factors associated with aerobic vaginitis (AV) in women and evaluate the antibiotic resistance of bacteria responsible for this vaginitis.

Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 840 patients and analysis of the results of their cytobacteriological examinations of cervicovaginal samples from January 01, 2020 to December 31, 2022 at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Raseta Befelatanana (CHUJRB) laboratory, Antananarivo, Mada- gascar. Continue reading “Aerobic vaginitis in women seen at the laboratory of the university hospital of Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar”

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Characterization of bacteria isolates colonizing the throat of hospitalized patients at Sobi Specialist Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria and in vitro antimicrobial effects of Citrus aurantifolia and Alum on the isolates

1Olajide, O. A., *1Kolawole, O. M., 1Bada-Siyede, I. B., 1Ayanda, O. O., and 1,2Suleiman, M. M.

1Infectious Disease and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology,  Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria                            2Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University, Offa, Nigeria *Correspondence to: tomak7475@gmail.com; omk@unilorin.edu.ng; +234-8060088495

Abstract:

Background: Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms implicated in nosocomial respiratory infections is a major reason for prolonged hospital stay and increased cost of therapeutic treatment of hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP). This study was designed to isolate bacterial pathogens colonizing the throat of hospitalized patients at the Sobi Specialist Hospital, Ilorin, and to evaluate antibacterial effects of extracts of Citrus aurantifolia peel and Alum against these bacterial isolates.

Methodology: This was a cross sectional study of 100 randomly recruited hospitalized patients at the Sobi Specialist

Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Throat samples collected from consenting participants were cultured on selective agar media (MacConkey, Eosin-Methylene blue and Mannitol salt) for isolation of bacteria. Identification of isolates from culture plates was done by Gram reaction and conventional biochemical tests while confirmation of the isolates was done by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Antibiotic susceptibility test for each isolate to selected antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, nitrofuran, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) was done by the Kirby Buer disc diffusion method. Aqueous extract of Alum ([KAl(SO4).12H2O]) was done to produce concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% (w/v) at pH 3.6 and tested on the bacterial isolates using agar diffusion method. Citrus aurantifolia peel was extracted using methanol and hexane solvents to produce extract concentrations of 500mg/ml, 250mg/ml and 150mg/ml, and tested on the isolates by agar diffusion, and by the broth dilution method to obtain minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of C. aurantifolia.  Continue reading “Characterization of bacteria isolates colonizing the throat of hospitalized patients at Sobi Specialist Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria and in vitro antimicrobial effects of Citrus aurantifolia and Alum on the isolates”

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Bacteriological quality of community well water and public health concerns in Enugu urban, Nigeria

1Obikpo, L., 2Onyia, F. C., 1Offe, I. M., 1Ezeilo, C. M, 3Ezebialu, C., and *4Afunwa, R. A.

1Department of Biological Sciences, Godfrey Okoye University, Enugu State, Nigeria

2Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

3Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria

4Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam, Anambra State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: missruthus2000@yahoo.com; ra.afunwa@coou.edu.ng

Abstract:
Background: Water is a basic necessity used by humans for both domestic and industrial uses. Next to air, water is essential to life. It takes up about 71% of the earth’s surface. The objective of this study is to determine the bacteriological quality of well water in Enugu urban, Nigeria

Methodology: A total of 60 domestic wells were selected from Abakpa, Obiagu and Achara layouts in Engu urban, Nigeria by stratified random sampling method, with 20 wells selected from each area based on location of well sites and construction parameters. Water samples were collected from each well using a sterile 200ml plastic bottle for bacteriological analysis to estimate total bacteria count in colony forming unit (cfu)/ml, total coliform count in most probable number (mpn)/100ml, and faecal coliform count in most probable number (mpn)/100ml. Bacterial isolates were identified using Gram reaction and conventional biochemical tests including catalase and coagulase for Gram positive bacteria, and oxidase, citrate utilization, hydrogen sulfide, indole, urease, methyl red, Voges Proskauer, and sugar fermentation tests for Gram negative bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) of each isolate was performed by the disk diffusion method against selected antibiotics including penicillin G (10μg), ciprofloxacin (5μg), streptomycin (10μg), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (20/10μg), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (25μg), and result interpreted using the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) break points. Comparative statistics of the data was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Continue reading “Bacteriological quality of community well water and public health concerns in Enugu urban, Nigeria”

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Phenotypic identification of soil bacterial and fungal communities inhabiting an archaeological monument at Augustine University, Ilara Epe, southwest Nigeria

*Ajayi, A. A., Onipede, G. O., Okafor, B. C., Adepoju, K. A., and Nwabuenu, J. C.
Department of Biological Sciences, Augustine University, Ilara Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: adesola.ajayi@augustineuniversity.edu.ng

Abstract:
Background: The Sungbo Eredo Monument is an ancient public work with a system of defensive walls and ditches located in Eredo Local Council Development Area of Epe, Lagos State, southwest Nigeria. A huge section of the monument cuts through the Augustine University campus, forming two-sided vertical walls with a deep ridge in-between. The objective of this investigative study is to determine the microbial profile of soil samples from the monument in the University campus.

Methodology: Soil samples were collected from the topsoil at a depth of 7.5cm from four randomly selected points along the edge of the monument. The samples were transported to the microbiology laboratory of the Department of Biological Sciences of Augustine University for analysis. Samples were cultured on Nutrient agar (NA) and incubated aerobically for 24-48 hours for bacteria isolation and on Sabouraud’s Dextrose agar (SDA) for 72 hours for fungi isolation. Bacterial colonies on NA were preliminarily identified to genus level by Gram reaction and conventional biochemical test scheme for Gram-positive (catalase, coagulase, starch hydrolysis) and Gram-negative isolates (oxidase, urease test, indole, methyl red, Voges Proskauer and sugar fermentation tests). Fungi colonies on SDA were identified using conventional macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Antibiotic susceptibility test of the bacterial isolates to selected antibiotics was done using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Continue reading “Phenotypic identification of soil bacterial and fungal communities inhabiting an archaeological monument at Augustine University, Ilara Epe, southwest Nigeria”

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The role of Escherichia coli in the etiology of piglet diarrhea in selected pig producing districts of central Uganda

*1Obala, T., 2Arojjo, S. O., 1Afayoa, M., 1Ikwap, K., and 1Erume, J.

1College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda 2College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda *Correspondence to obala.tonny14@gmail.com; +256773884308

Abstract:
Background: Pig production in Uganda is highly constrained by rampant piglet mortalities with diarrhea being a key feature. The present study was conducted to determine possible involvement of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as agents of diarrhea in piglets and elucidate the factors for their spread and virulence, towards development of mitigation strategies in the smallholder pig value chains in Uganda. Continue reading “The role of Escherichia coli in the etiology of piglet diarrhea in selected pig producing districts of central Uganda”

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A retrospective study of antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens isolated from patients in two Lebanese hospitals for two consecutive years (2018 and 2019)

1Sakr, S., 2Abboud, M., 3Tawbeh, K., 1Hamam, B., and *1Sheet, I.

1Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Lebanon

2Haroun Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

3Department of Mathematics and Physics, School of Arts and Sciences,
Lebanese International University, Lebanon
*Correspondence to: imtithal.sheet@liu.edu.lb

Abstract:
Background: Misuse of antibiotics is the leading factor promoting emergence of bacterial resistance, a situation that has become a serious public health challenge. Among the leading bacteria that have developed resistance to antibiotics are Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which have caused infections in patients, resulting in considerable mortality. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess antibiotic resistance rates of bacterial pathogens isolated from clinical specimens in two Lebanese hospitals between the years 2018 and 2019.

Methodology: Bacteria isolated from routine clinical specimens collected from hospitalized patients in two hospitals, Haroun and Bekaa, in Lebanon for 2018 and 2019, were analyzed. Bacteria isolation and identification were carried out at the laboratory of each hospital using conventional microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testings (AST) of each bacterial isolate to antibiotics were performed by the disc diffusion test and interpreted using EUCAST, CLSI or WHO/AST guidelines. Comparisons of the mean resistance rates of each isolate to individual antibiotics by year of isolation were done using the Z-test and p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Continue reading “A retrospective study of antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens isolated from patients in two Lebanese hospitals for two consecutive years (2018 and 2019)”

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Prevalence and factors associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia in University Hospital of Befelatanana, Madagascar

*1Rakotovao-Ravahatra Z. D., 2Randriatsarafara, F. M., 3Rakotovao, A. L., and 3Rasamindrakotroka, A.

1Laboratory of Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, University Hospital, Antananarivo, Madagascar

2Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar

3Medical Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar *Correspondence to: ravahatradomoina@yahoo.fr; +261 34 09 301 20

Abstract:
Background: The extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae are a major cause of nosocomial bacteraemia. The objectives of this study are to describe the antibiotic resistance pattern of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae responsible for bacteraemia and identify factors associated with these infections in a University Hospital in Madagascar. Continue reading “Prevalence and factors associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia in University Hospital of Befelatanana, Madagascar”