*1Udeze, A. O., and 2Odebisi-Omokanye, M.
1Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, P.M.B 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
2Infectious Disease, Environmental Health and Toxicity Research Group, Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, P.M.B 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria *Correspondence to: udeze.ao@unilorin.edu.ng; austok90@yahoo.com; +2348135586003
ORCiD: 0000-0002-5492-4925
Abstract:
Background: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections are common and contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected patients. This study was conducted to determine the level of exposure, compare the gender distribution pattern and correlate with CD4 count, history of chicken pox and demographics among HIV patients.
Methodology: Blood samples were collected from 273 randomly selected HIV-positive patients (93 males and 180 females) receiving care and management at the General Hospital Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria, between September 2019 and March 2020, after obtaining informed consent. Sera were separated from the blood samples and tested for the presence of VZV-specific IgG antibodies using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Results: The seroprevalence rate of VZV in the selected HIV patients was 76.9% (210/273), which was similar in both male (83.9%, 78/93) and female (73.3%, 132/180) patients (χ2=3.265, p=0.071). The seroprevalence rates of VZV in both male and female patients were significantly associated with marital status, occupational status, and CD4+ cell count (p<0.05), however, age group was not significantly associated with VZV seroprevalence in both male (χ2=8.014, p=0.155) and female (χ2=4.689, p=0.455) patients. The seroprevalence of VZV in males (32%) who reported history of chicken pox was about twice that of females (17.4%) (OR=2.235,
95% CI=1.162-4.302, p=0.023).
Conclusion: The level of exposure of HIV-infected individuals to VZV in Offa, Nigeria is high and is similarly distributed in both male and female genders. However, more males with VZV exposure reported history of chicken pox (acute infection) than their female counterparts.
Keywords: Seroprevalence, VZV, HIV, gender, Nigeria
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