*1Rakotovao-Ravahatra, Z. D., 2Razanadrakoto, I. I., 2Rafaramalala, S. S., 3Rakotovao, A. L., and 3Rasamindrakotroka, A.
1Laboratory of Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, University Hospital, Antananarivo, Madagascar
2Malagasy Medical Analysis Laboratory, Androhibe, Antananarivo, Madagascar
3Medical Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar
*Correspondence to: ravahatradomoina@yahoo.fr; +261 34 09 301 20
Abstract:
Background: Vaginitis is common in women. The present study aims to identify the factors associated with aerobic vaginitis (AV) in women and evaluate the antibiotic resistance of bacteria responsible for this vaginitis.
Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 840 patients and analysis of the results of their cytobacteriological examinations of cervicovaginal samples from January 01, 2020 to December 31, 2022 at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Raseta Befelatanana (CHUJRB) laboratory, Antananarivo, Mada- gascar.
Results: Among the 840 patients, 35 had aerobic vaginitis, giving the prevalence of AV of 4.2%. Enterococcal vaginitis was the most common, representing 48.6% (n=17) cases of AV. Regarding associated factors, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of AV between women under age of 40 (4.4%, 29/653) and women over age of 40 years (3.2%, 6/187) (p=0.539); hospitalized (6.6%, 10/152) and non-hospitalized outpatients (3.6%, 25/688) (p=0.115); and pregnant (4.2%, 8/192) and non-pregnant women (4.2%, 27/648) (p=1.000). The antibiotic resistance varies from 0% (vancomycin) to 90.0% (penicillin G) for the Gram-positive bacteria and 0% (imipenem and amikacin) to 100% (cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, cefixime) for Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas spp)
Conclusion: Cytobacteriological examination of cervicovaginal specimens in cases of genital disorders is necessary to improve the management of patients with AV in Madagascar. Similarly, empirical treatment should be properly guided and self-medication avoided, in order to limit the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, bacteria, aerobic vaginitis, women, Madagascar
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