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Phylogenetic diversity and susceptibility of Candida species from women using contraceptive devices in northcentral Nigeria

*1,2Adogo, L. Y., 2Chuku, A., 2Joseph, N. F., 3Ombugadu, A., 4,5Reuben, R. C., and 1,2Ajide, B.

1Department of Biological Sciences, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria

2Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria

3Department of Zoology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria

4German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany 5Department of Experimental Interaction Ecology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany *Correspondence to: lillian.adogo@binghamuni.edu.ng

Abstract:
Background: The use of contraceptive devices predisposes women to vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) globally. Despite the high incidence of VVC and antifungal resistance to azoles, the genetic diversity and resistance pattern among contraceptive users in Nigeria is poorly investigated. This study therefore sought to characterize and determine the phylogenetic breadth of Candida species as well as their resistance to antifungal agents. Continue reading “Phylogenetic diversity and susceptibility of Candida species from women using contraceptive devices in northcentral Nigeria”

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Antibiotic susceptibility of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in a hospital setting in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A twelve-year retrospective analysis

[1]*Kafando, H., 1Ouattara, M., 1Kienou, M., 1Coulidiaty, Y. D., 1Ouattara, K., 1Ouédraogo, R., 1Sawadogo, M., 1Guira, C., 3,4Ouédraogo, A. S., [2],5Sanou, I., and 1,2Sangaré, L.

 

1Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, 03 BP 7022, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso

2Training and Research Unit in Health Science, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

3National Reference Laboratory for the Control of Antimicrobial Resistance (NRL-AMR), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

4National Institute of Health Sciences, NAZI BONI University, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

5Laboratory Department, Tengandogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso *Correspondence to: hervekafando7@gmail.com; 0022676146695

 

Abstract:

 Background: Escherichia coli is the main bacterium responsible for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI). The increasing frequency of antibiotic resistance in E. coli isolates from UTI poses concern in their therapeutic management. The aim of this study is to describe the current antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli clinical isolates at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital of Ouagadougou (CHUYO), Burkina Faso, with a view to revising the treatment protocols for bacterial UTI. Continue reading “Antibiotic susceptibility of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in a hospital setting in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A twelve-year retrospective analysis”

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Resistance profiles of urinary Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to antibiotics commonly prescribed for treatment of urinary tract infections at Monkole Hospital Center, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

1,2Mukubwa, G. K., 2,3Lukusa, F. N., 4Kavulikirwa, O. K., 5,6Liesse, J. I., *2,7Tshilolo, L. M., and *1,8,9Memvanga, P. B.

1Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2Laboratory Service, Monkole Hospital Center, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

3Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa,

Democratic Republic of the Congo

4Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary medicine Catholic University of Graben,

Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo

5Laboratory of Experimental and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

6Centre Universitaire de Référence de Surveillance de la Résistance aux Antimicrobiens, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

7Health Training and Support Center, CEFA-Monkole, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

8Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Catholic University of Graben, Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo

9Pôle interuniversitaire d’Innovation pour la mise en place d’une approche verte de lutte contre la Résistance aux Antimicrobiens (PI-RAM), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo *Correspondence to: patrick.memvanga@unikin.ac.cd and leon.tshilolo2012@gmail.com

 

Abstract:

Background: The occurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria is increasing worldwide and has become a major public health concern that requires global attention. To promote better treatment outcome of UTI and raise awareness of antibiotic resistance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), we investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial pathogens frequently isolated from urine samples of inpatients and outpatients with symptoms of UTI at the Monkole Hospital Center (MHC), Kinshasa from June 2017 to May 2018.

Methodology: This was a retrospective review of results of uro-cultures of urine samples of both inpatients and outpatients who had clinical symptoms of UTI, over a period of one year at the MHC, Kinshasa, DRC. During this period, aerobic uro-cultures of urine were done on MacConkey agar (MAC) or Cystine-LactoseElectrolyte-Deficient (CLED) agar media at 37oC incubation for 24 hours. Identification of bacterial isolates on the culture media and antimicrobial susceptibility to sixteen selected antibiotics were done using the integral system enterobacteria and the Vitek® 2 automated system according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The R-studio software was used for statistical analysis. Continue reading “Resistance profiles of urinary Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to antibiotics commonly prescribed for treatment of urinary tract infections at Monkole Hospital Center, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo”

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Bacterial contaminants of Date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) sold in Kaduna, Nigeria, and their susceptibility to antibiotics

Bacterial contaminants of Date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) sold in Kaduna, Nigeria, and their susceptibility to antibiotics

*[1]Obajuluwa, A. F., 1Yagat, D. S., and [2]Durowaiye, M. T.

1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria

2Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: afobajuluwa@gmail.com; +234 8036207703; ORCID ID: //orcid.org/0000–0003–1679–6616

Abstract:

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge of antimicrobial therapy of infections today. Food-borne bacteria can serve as reservoir for transmission of antibiotic resistant strain. This study was aimed at determining the bacterial contaminants on dates palm fruits sold in Kaduna metropolis and to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacteria isolated.

Methodology: A total of 60 samples of Date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) were collected randomly from five major markets in Kaduna metropolis. Total bacterial and total coliform counts were determined using pour plate method. Gram, staining, microscopy and biochemical tests were carried out to isolate the bacterial contaminants. Antibiotic susceptibility test for commonly prescribed antibiotics was also carried out through agar diffusion method and the percentage antibiotic resistance determined. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics on Microsoft Excel. Continue reading “Bacterial contaminants of Date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) sold in Kaduna, Nigeria, and their susceptibility to antibiotics”

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Prevalence of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin-B resistance among clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria

*1,2Ade, T. I., 1Osiyemi, J. A., 2Aso, R. E., 3Akinduti, P. A., and 4Sunmola, N. O.
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
2Department of Microbiology, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria
3Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
4Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria
*Correspondence to: tolulope.iorwuese@gmail.com; +2347066369670

Abstract:
Background: Inducible antibiotic resistance among Gram-positive cocci is a significant public health challenge that is grossly underreported within Africa, especially Nigeria. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-B (MLSB) resistance among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Methodology: Clinical isolates were presumptively identified by Gram’s stain reaction and conventional biochemical tests such as catalase, coagulase, DNase, and mannitol fermentation. Phenotypic MLSB resistance was determined by placing clindamycin and erythromycin discs within 15 mm of each other and observing for a D-zone. Antibiotic sensitivity testing to selected antibiotics including cefoxitin for detection of methicillin resistance, was done using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Continue reading “Prevalence of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin-B resistance among clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria”

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Evidence of virological failure in patients on second-line anti-retroviral therapy in Southwestern Nigeria: an indication for HIV drug resistance testing

*Usman, S. O., Ajayi, O. M., Ebiekura, O., Egbonrelu, N., Ebhojie, G., and Ariyo, A.O
APIN Public Health Initiatives, Abuja, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: senatorhopsy@yahoo.com

Abstract:
Background: In sub-Saharan Africa where genotypic anti-retroviral (ARV) drug resistance testing is rarely performed and poor adherence is blamed for the inability to achieve viral suppression and treatment failure, programmatic approaches to preventing and handling these are essential. This study was aimed at assessing the virological outcomes among HIV patients receiving second-line anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in Southwestern Nigeria.

Methodology: This was a 5-year observational retrospective study of randomly selected people living with HIV (PLWHIV) who have been switched to second-line ART for at least six months before the commencement of the study in multiple comprehensive ART sites across the three levels of care, in Ondo and Ekiti States, Southwestern Nigeria, from January 2015 to December 2019. Quantitative viral load analysis was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0.

Results: A total of 249 (71 males and 178 females) subjects eligible for the study were recruited using simple random sampling technique. The mean age (± SD) of the subjects was 44.21 ± 11.45 years. The mean number of years the patients have been on ART regimen was 7.92 ± 2.68 years. The mean number of years the patients were on first line ART regimen before being switched to second line was 4.27 ± 2.63 years. Patients with viral load <1000 RNA copies/ml (suppressed viral load) were 216 (86.7%) out of which 113 (45.4%) had viral load <20 RNA copies/ml while 33 (13.3%) had viral load >1000 RNA copies/ml (unsuppressed viral load or virological failure).

Conclusion: About 13% of the patients on second line ART had unsuppressed viral load of more than 1000 RNA copies/ml indicating virological failure. Thus, critical factors such as poor adherence to ART and drug resistance chiefly contributing to virological failure have to be routinely checked.

Keywords: suppression, ART, resistance, virological, failure, Nigeria

Received Apr 26, 2021; Revised Jun 9, 2021; Accepted Jun 13, 2021

Copyright 2021 AJCEM Open Access. This article is licensed and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrition 4.0 International License <a rel=”license” href=”//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/”, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.

Editor-in-Chief: Prof. S. S. Taiwo

Preuve d’échec virologique chez les patients sous traitement antirétroviral de deuxième intention dans le sud-ouest du Nigeria: une indication pour le test de résistance aux médicaments contre le VIH

*Usman, S.O., Ajayi, O.M., Ebiekura, O., Egbonrelu, N., Ebhojie, G., et Ariyo, A.O.
Initiatives de santé publique de l’APIN, Abuja, Nigéria

*Correspondance à: senatorhopsy@yahoo.com

Abstrait:
Contexte: En Afrique subsaharienne, où les tests génotypiques de résistance aux antirétroviraux (ARV) sont rarement effectués et où une mauvaise observance est imputée à l’incapacité d’obtenir la suppression virale et l’échec du traitement, des approches programmatiques pour les prévenir et les gérer sont essentielles. Cette étude visait à évaluer les résultats virologiques chez les patients VIH recevant un traitement antirétroviral (TAR) de deuxième intention dans le sud-ouest du Nigeria.

Méthodologie: Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective d’observation de 5 ans portant sur des personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH) sélectionnées au hasard et passées à un TAR de deuxième intention pendant au moins six mois avant le début de l’étude dans plusieurs sites de TAR complets aux trois niveaux. de soins, dans les États d’Ondo et d’Ekiti, dans le sud-ouest du Nigéria, de janvier 2015 à décembre 2019. L’analyse quantitative de la charge virale a été effectuée à l’aide d’un test de réaction en chaîne par polymérase (PCR). Les données ont été analysées à l’aide du logiciel Paquet statistique pour les sciences sociales (SPSS) version 24.0.

Résultats: Un total de 249 (71 hommes et 178 femmes) sujets éligibles à l’étude ont été recrutés à l’aide d’une technique d’échantillonnage aléatoire simple. L’âge moyen (± ET) des sujets était de 44,21±11,45 ans. Le nombre moyen d’années pendant lesquelles les patients ont été sous traitement antirétroviral était de 7,92±2,68 ans. Le nombre moyen d’années pendant lesquelles les patients étaient sous traitement antirétroviral de première ligne avant de passer en deuxième ligne était de 4,27 ± 2,63 ans. Les patients avec une charge virale <1000 copies d’ARN/ml (charge virale supprimée) étaient 216 (86,7%) dont 113 (45,4%) avaient une charge virale <20 copies d’ARN/ml tandis que 33 (13,3%) avaient une charge virale >1000 ARN copies/ml (charge virale non supprimée ou échec virologique).

Conclusion: Environ 13 % des patients sous TAR de deuxième ligne avaient une charge virale non supprimée de plus de 1000 copies d’ARN/ml indiquant un échec virologique. Ainsi, les facteurs critiques tels qu’une mauvaise adhésion au TARV et la résistance aux médicaments contribuant principalement à l’échec virologique doivent être systématiquement vérifiés.

Mots clés: suppression, TAR, résistance, virologique, échec, Nigeria.

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Evidence of virological failure in patients on second-line anti-retroviral therapy in Southwestern Nigeria: an indication for HIV drug resistance testing

 

 

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Roll out of a successful antimicrobial stewardship programme in Lagos University Teaching Hospital Nigeria using the Global-Point Prevalence Survey 

*1,4Oshun, P. O., 2Roberts, A. A., 1,4Osuagwu, C. S., 3Akintan, P. E., 3Fajolu, I. B.,     4Ola-Bello, O. I., 2Odukoya, O. O., 2Akodu, B., 5Okunowo, A. A., 6Versporten, A.,  6Pauwels, I., 6Goosens, H., 7Busari, A. A., 7Olusanya, A. W., 7Nwaiwu, O., 3Temiye, E. O., Osibogun, A. O., 8Bode, C. O., 9Antimicrobial Stewardship Committee., and 1,4Oduyebo, O. O.                                     

1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos

2Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos

3Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos

4Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos

5Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos

6Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium

7Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology College of Medicine, University of Lagos

8Department of Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos

9Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos *Correspondence to: sampydee@yahoo.com

 

Abstract:

 Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a public health emergency with increasing rates and spread globally. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) has been advocated to reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance, promote rational and appropriate use of antibiotics and improve clinical outcomes. Education and training are one of the AMS interventions to improve antimicrobial use. We present the roll out of a successful AMS programme with education and training using the Global-PPS as data collection tool to measure AMS interventions and impact. Continue reading “Roll out of a successful antimicrobial stewardship programme in Lagos University Teaching Hospital Nigeria using the Global-Point Prevalence Survey “

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Infections of implantable cardiac devices by biofilm forming bacteria in western Algeria hospitals

1Meziani, Z., 1Hassaine, H., and 2Belhachemi, F.

1Laboratory of Applied Microbiology in Food, Biomedical and Environment (LAMAABE), University of Tlemcen, Algeria

2Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Tlemcen, Algeria

*Correspondence to: zahera_fd@yahoo.fr; 00213553406801

Abstract:

Background: The significant increase in the use of implantable cardiac devices (ICDs) has been accompanied by biofilm formation and increase rate of infection on the devices. The purpose of our study is to describe the clinical and microbiological findings of infection of ICDs in the cardiology units of western Algeria hospitals.

Methodology: All patients with clinical diagnosis of ICD infections or infective endocarditis upon removal of their ICDs from December 2012 to August 2014 in cardiology units of 4 Algerian hospitals were included in the study. Each element of the ICD pocket and lead was separately sonicated in sterile saline, inoculated onto Chapman and MacConkey agar plates and incubated aerobically at 37oC for colony count after 24 hours. Biochemical identification of the bacteria isolates was made by API 20E, API 20 NE and API Staph, and confirmed by Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics WalkAway® 96 Plus System. Antibiotic susceptibility testing on each isolate was performed by the disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. Biofilm formation was detected by Congo Red Agar (CRA) and Tissue Culture Plate (TCP) methods, and hydrophobicity of the bacterial cell was determined by the MATH protocol.

Results: Over a period of twenty-one months, 17 ICDs were removed from patients with post-operative infections; 6 (35.3%) had early infection of ICD and 11 (64.7%) had late ICD infection. Fifty-four bacterial strains were isolated and identified, with coagulase-negative staphylococci being the predominant bacteria with 46.3% (25/54). There was no significant association between hydrophobicity and antimicrobial resistance in the 54 isolates but there is positive correlation between biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance, with the strongest biofilm producers resistant to more than one antibiotic. Four independent predictors of infection of resynchronization devices were reported; reoperation, multi-morbidity, long procedure, and ICD implantation.

Conclusion: Our study is the first in Algeria to describe microbiological characteristics of ICD infection. The bacteria in the biofilm were protected, more resistant and tolerated high concentrations of antibiotics and thus played a major role in the development of ICD infections. Despite the improvements in ICD design and implantation techniques, ICD infection remains a serious challenge.

Keywords: implantable cardiac devices, staphylococci, resistance, biofilm, hydrophobicity Continue reading “Infections of implantable cardiac devices by biofilm forming bacteria in western Algeria hospitals”

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Lactobacillus sp and some fungi from termite nests on kolanut trees had mild antagonistic effects against pathogens isolated from paediatric patients

*1Afolami, O. I., 2Arogunjo, A. O., 2Oladunmoye, M. K., 3Owoyemi, O. O., 2Aribisala, J. O., 2Ajayi-Moses, O. B., 2Gabriel, P. O., 2Bhadmus, O. C., 2Wasiu, O. S., 2Arogundade, I. O., 2Aiyenuro, E. A., and 2Akinwumi, I. M.

1Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 49931, Houghton, MI, USA
2Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
3Department of Microbiology, Achievers University, P. M. B. 1030, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria

Correspondence to: afolamiolufemiifeoluwa@gmail.com or oafolami@mtu.edu

Abstract:

Background: Residents in a rural suburb of Akure jettisoned antibiotic treatment; sought alternative cure to rising incidence of paediatric infections in 2017 from local herbal dealers, with many residents claiming of better treatment response. We investigated these claims since the local herbal formula included kola nut barks and ground termites.

Methodology: Microorganisms associated with termite nests on kola nut trees in the affected community were characterized and identified using standard techniques. The Kirby Bauer disk diffusion was used to evaluate the susceptibility of the bacterial isolates to selected antibiotics. Plasmid profile of multiple antibiotic resistant bacterial isolates (MDRIs) was determined by the Birnboim and Doly method while post plasmid curing antibiotic susceptibility was performed on the MDRIs against the same selected antibiotics. The microorganisms were also evaluated for possible antagonistic effects against Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from paediatric patients during the period of study using previously described methods. Continue reading “Lactobacillus sp and some fungi from termite nests on kolanut trees had mild antagonistic effects against pathogens isolated from paediatric patients”

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Laboratory survey of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae in clinical infections among hospitalised patients at LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

*Abayomi, S. A., Adegboro, B., and Taiwo, S. S.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital, PMB 4007, Ogbomoso, Nigeria *Correspondence to: subslaabayomi@gmail.com

Abstract:

Background: The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing enterobacteriaceae are a major public health threat globally, causing both community and healthcare associated infections (HAIs). Due to multi-resistant nature of these strains, infections caused by them are associated with treatment failure, high mortality, and increased healthcare costs. This laboratory survey determined the prevalence of infections caused by ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae in LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso Methodology: Over three years (January 2016 to December 2018), non-duplicate clinical samples (sputum, blood, urine, and wound swabs) collected from hospitalised patients with suspected clinical infections were routinely processed at microbiology laboratory of our hospital for aerobic culture and isolation of enterobacteriaceae. Antibiotic susceptibility of each isolate to routinely used antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method and ‘double disk’ synergy test was used to routinely confirm ESBL production. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the requisition form. Results: Of the total 4,198 hospitalised patients over the three year period, 1,222 (29.1%) had clinical infections, out of which 689 (16.4%) were laboratory confirmed. Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 343 patients (prevalence rate, 8.2%) while ESBL producers were isolated from 46 (prevalence rate, 1.1%). The most frequent enterobacteriaceae were Klebsiella spp (54.5%) and Escherichia coli (35.9%) recovered mainly from urinary tract infection (UTI, 45.2%), skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI, 27.9%) and lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI, 17.5%) but ESBL producers were frequently associated with osteomyelitis (50%), LRTI (18.3%) and SSTI (14.6%). The ESBL producers were all resistant to ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin but susceptible to imipenem. The non-ESBL producers were comparatively less resistant with 43.8%, 34.3%, 29%, 35%, 43%, 37%, and 4% resistant to ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and imipenem respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of clinical infections among hospitalised patients in our facility is high but the rate of ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae is relatively low. In spite of this, there is need for continuous surveillance of ESBL and other antibiotic resistant pathogens as part of the infection prevention and control (IPC) programme, with implementation of measures that will reduce the incidence of these infections in our hospital.

Keywords: Laboratory survey, hospitalised patients, ESBL, multidrug resistance
Received Sept 4, 2019; Revised September 20, 2019; Accepted September 21, 2019
Copyright 2020 AJCEM Open Access. This article is licensed and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrition 4.0 International License (//creativecommmons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.
Enquête de laboratoire sur les entérobactéries productrices de bêta-lactamases à spectre étendu lors d’infections cliniques chez des patients hospitalisés à l’hôpital universitaire LAUTECH, à Ogbomoso, au Nigéria
*Abayomi, S. A., Adegboro, B., et Taiwo, S. S.

Laboratory survey of ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae Afr. J. Clin. Exper. Microbiol. 2020; 21(1): 66-71

Département de microbiologie médicale et de parasitologie, Hôpital universitaire de l’Université technique de Ladoke Akintola (LAUTECH), PMB 4007, Ogbomoso, Nigéria *Correspondance à: subslaabayomi@gmail.com

Abstrait:
Contexte: Les entérobactéries productrices de bêta-lactamase à spectre étendu (BLSE) constituent une menace majeure pour la santé publique dans le monde, provoquant à la fois des infections dans la communauté et des infections associées aux soins de santé. En raison de la nature multirésistante de ces souches, les infections qu’elles provoquent sont associées à un échec du traitement, à une mortalité élevée et à une augmentation des coûts de soins de santé. Cette enquête en laboratoire a permis de déterminer la prévalence d’infections causées par des entérobactéries productrices de BLSE à l’hôpital universitaire LAUTECH, à Ogbomoso. Méthodologie: Sur trois ans (janvier 2016 à décembre 2018), des échantillons cliniques non dupliqués (expectorations, sang, urine, et plaies oreilles) prélevés chez des patients hospitalisés présentant des suspicions d’infections cliniques ont été systématiquement traités dans le laboratoire de microbiologie de notre hôpital pour culture aérobie et isolement d’entérobactériacées. La sensibilité aux antibiotiques de chaque isolat aux antibiotiques utilisés en routine a été déterminée par la méthode de diffusion sur disque et un test de synergie «double disque» a été utilisé pour confirmer en routine la production de BLSE. Les données démographiques et cliniques ont été extraites du formulaire de demande. Résultats: Sur un total de 4198 patients hospitalisés au cours de la période de trois ans, 1222 (29,1%) ont présenté une infection clinique, dont 689 (16,4%) ont été confirmés en laboratoire. Des entérobactéries ont été isolées chez 343 patients (taux de prévalence de 8,2%), tandis que les producteurs de BLSE ont été isolés chez 46 patients (taux de prévalence de 1,1%). Les entérobactériacées les plus fréquentes étaient Klebsiella spp (54,5%) et Escherichia coli (35,9%) principalement dues à une infection des voies urinaires (UTI, 45,2%), une infection de la peau et des tissus mous (SSTI, 27,9%) et des voies respiratoires inférieures (LRTI, 17,5%), mais les producteurs de BLSE étaient fréquemment associés à l’ostéomyélite (50%), au LRTI (18,3%) et au SSTI (14,6%). Les producteurs de BLSE étaient tous résistants à l’ampicilline, au céfotaxime, à la ceftazidime, au céfépime, à la gentamicine et à la ciprofloxacine, mais sensibles à l’imipénem. Les producteurs non BLSE étaient comparativement moins résistants, avec respectivement 43,8%, 34,3%, 29%, 35%, 43%, 37% et 4% de résistance à l’ampicilline, au céfotaxime, au ceftazidime, au céfépime, à la gentamicine, à la ciprofloxacine et à l’imipénème. Conclusion: La prévalence d’infections cliniques chez les patients hospitalisés dans notre établissement est élevée mais le taux d’entérobactéries productrices de BLSE est relativement faible. Malgré cela, il est nécessaire de surveiller en permanence les BLSE et les autres agents pathogènes résistants aux antibiotiques dans le cadre du programme de prévention et de contrôle des infections (IPC), avec la mise en oeuvre de mesures permettant de réduire l’incidence de ces infections dans notre hôpital.

Mots clés: Enquête de laboratoire, patients hospitalisés, BLSE, résistance, multiple aux médicaments

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Laboratory survey of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae in clinical infections among hospitalised patients at LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria