*[1]Mohammed, A., 1Ahssana, H. J., 1Balogu, T. V., 1Mohammed, I. L., [2]Badeggi U., M., and [3]Suleiman Mohammed.
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria
2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria
3Faculty of Science, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
*Correspondence to; ibrahimnusaiba2@gmail.com; abdmohammed@ibbu.edu.ng
Abstract:
Background: The decline in the effectiveness of common antibiotics is due to microbial resistance and has sparked research interest in discovering new antimicrobial agents from plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of clove extracts on selected pathogenic bacteria and identify the active antibacterial components.
Methodology: The active components of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) buds were extracted using methanol and ethyl acetate and identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Antibacterial screenings against selected pathogenic bacteria were conducted using the agar-well diffusion method.
Results: The extracts showed activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 100 mg/ml, so that the diameters of the methanol extracts were 4.00-25.00 mm, 3.00-26.00 mm and 0.00 -16.00 mm, while the ethyl acetate extracts were 3.00-24.00 mm, 4.00-22.00 mm and 0.00-14.00 mm respectively. The ethyl acetate extract showed higher MIC and MBC at 3.125 and 6.5 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, indicating a more lethal effect than the methanol extract. Nineteen bioactive compounds were identified the extracts.
Conclusion: The study justifies the use of the clove plant by traditional herbalists to treat bacterial infections due to the presence and synergy of the plant’s various bioactive components.
Keywords: Syzygium aromaticum, Clove extract, Antibacterial activity, bioactive compounds
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Bioactive components of Syzygium aromaticum bud and their effects on selected pathogenic bacteria