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Female genital schistosomiasis in Matta health area, Western Cameroon Region: Prevalence, risk factors and biomarkers profile

*1Nguepi, M. S. D., 1Ubre, S. I., 1Tincho, M. B., 1Egoko, M. D., 2Nanfack, C. D.,             1Noubissi, P. A., 1Agbor, F. I., and 1Lambou, A. F.

1Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, Cameroon

2University of Yaounde I, Cameroon

*Correspondence to: syldong@yahoo.fr; Tel: 696510217

Abstract:

Background: Schistosomiasis is a disease affecting particularly people living in low-income countries. Egg sequestration in the female genitalia, leading to female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), is associated with the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can lead to secondary infertility, which remains underdiagnosed. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with FGS and urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS) and to assess some biochemical markers associated with these conditions. Continue reading “Female genital schistosomiasis in Matta health area, Western Cameroon Region: Prevalence, risk factors and biomarkers profile”

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Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among school-aged children in Ipogun community, Ondo State, Nigeria

*[1]Ajayi, O. O., 1Sulaimon, S. Y., [2]Olorunniyi O. F., and 3Omoleye, O. S.

1Department of Biological Sciences, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria

2Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Ekiti State University, Ado- Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria 3Department of Veterinary Services, Laboratory Unit, Ministry of Agriculture, Ondo State, Nigeria *Correspondence to: ooajayi@jabu.edu.ng

Abstract:

Background: Urinary schistosomiasis remains a public health challenge among school-aged children in Nigeria. The disease is caused by the blood fluke parasite, Schistosoma haematobium and harbored by freshwater snail intermediate hosts. Contact with infected surface water bodies made children vulnerable. This study investigated the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among school-aged children in Ipogun community, Ondo State, Nigeria.  Continue reading “Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among school-aged children in Ipogun community, Ondo State, Nigeria”

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Factors associated with parasitic contamination of fresh fruits retailed at major markets in Ibadan, Nigeria: A public health concern

*[1],[2]Makanjuola, O. B., 1Onifade, Y. M., and 1,2Dada-Adegbola, H. O.

1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: funmimakanjuola@yahoo.com; +2348034731717; ORCID: 0000-0001-7785-0183

Abstract:

Background: Globally, cases of protozoan and helminths infections in humans have been linked to the consumption of unwashed fresh fruits and this has been prevalent especially in developing countries. The ingestion of parasite-contaminated fruits can lead to intestinal parasitosis that can result in childhood diarrhea, malnutrition and growth retardation. Hence, the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of parasites contaminating fresh fruits sold in major markets in Ibadan, Nigeria, the sources and factors associated with contamination.  Continue reading “Factors associated with parasitic contamination of fresh fruits retailed at major markets in Ibadan, Nigeria: A public health concern”

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Antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida species colonizing the oral cavity of cancer patients attending two tertiary hospitals in southwest Nigeria

*1,2Adewole, O. E., 1Jonathan, S. G., 3Olorunmola, F. O., 4Owotade, F. J., 5Gbolagade-Jonathan, P. T., 6Odetoyin, B. W., and 6Olaniran, O.

1Mycology and Applied Microbiology Research Group, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ilesa, Ilesa, Nigeria

3Department of Drugs Research and Production Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

4Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

5Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan. Ibadan, Nigeria

6Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: oeadewole@yahoo.com, +2347063352347, ORCiD: 0000000177125037

Abstract:

 Background: Candida species inhabit humans as commensals but become opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised individuals. This yeast has developed resistance to anti-fungal medications and infection caused by it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Information on the yeast colonization profile and the antifungal sensitivity pattern in the Nigerian population is sparse. This study determined the prevalence and antifungal susceptibility patterns of oral Candida species among cancer patients attending two tertiary care hospitals in Osun State, southwest Nigeria. Continue reading “Antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida species colonizing the oral cavity of cancer patients attending two tertiary hospitals in southwest Nigeria”

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Detection of influenza virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on archived COVID-19 respiratory specimens in Ibadan, Nigeria

*[1],[2]Ogunbode, J. O., ²Olatunji, O. A., and 1,2,3Fowotade, A.

¹Clinical Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

²Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

³Biorepository Clinical Virology Laboratory, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: oluyemijoseph8@gmail.com

Abstract:

Background: Every year, influenza virus affects millions of people, causing morbidity and mortality among adults and children prompting many to seek outpatient care. Influenza is largely undetected among infected individuals in lower-middle-income settings. Influenza co-infection with other respiratory viral infections is associated with a severe clinical presentation and a worse clinical outcome. The current study aimed to detect influenza A and B viruses from respiratory samples of patients with suspected CoVID-19, in order to establish possible co-infection, and its implications. Continue reading “Detection of influenza virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on archived COVID-19 respiratory specimens in Ibadan, Nigeria”

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Antimicrobial resistance patterns of enteric bacteria in HIV sero-positive patients: A regional hospital-based cross-sectional survey in Kumasi metropolis, Ghana

[1]Obeng-Mensah, D., *[2]Boamah, V. E., 2Boakye, Y. D., and 2Agyare, C.

 

1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of pharmacy and pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana

2Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,  Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

*Correspondence to: veboamah.pharm@knust.edu.gh; etsiapa@yahoo.com

 

Abstract:

Background: Enteric bacterial infections are at least ten times more common in HIV individuals compared to the general population. This results in frequent consumption of antibiotics either for prophylactic or treatment purposes, resulting in a rise in emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The paucity of research on antibiotic resistance in enteric bacteria among HIV individuals in secondary and primary healthcare settings in Ghana necessitated this study, which investigated the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance patterns of enteric bacterial isolates from HIV-positive individuals at three healthcare facilities in Kumasi metropolis, Ghana.

Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 57 HIV-seropositive individuals on anti-retroviral therapy at three selected district hospitals in Kumasi metropolis, for resistance pattern of enteric bacteria. Faecal samples from HIV-positive individuals were collected for microbiological analysis, using differential and selective agar media and conventional biochemical assays for isolation, preliminary characterisation and presumptive identification of bacterial isolates. Confirmatory identification of the isolates was performed using MALDI-TOF MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the susceptibility of the isolates to a panel of 10 antimicrobial agents. Data were analysed with WHONET software, GraphPad Prism, Microsoft Excel and SPSS. Association of demographic data and other patients’ parameters was determined using Chi-square tests with 95% confidence interval and p<0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Thirty enteric bacterial isolates were confirmed from the 57 HIV-seropositive individuals, comprising predominantly Escherichia coli (80.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.0%), Enterococcus faecalis (6.7%), and Enterobacter cloacae (3.3%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed resistance rates ranging from 3.3% to 100.0%, with majority of isolates susceptible to ciprofloxacin and meropenem. Sixty per cent of the isolates were MDR and E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were highly resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ampicillin.

Conclusion: E. coli was the most frequent enteric bacterial isolate carried by HIV-infected individuals in this study. Over 60% of the enteric bacteria were multidrug-resistant. Meropenem and ciprofloxacin were the antibiotics with high invitro inhibitory activity against the isolates. The use of these antibiotics for therapy should however be guarded to avoid rapid resistance development by bacterial pathogens to these agents.

 

Keywords: HIV seropositive. Enterobacteria, E. coli, meropenem, ciprofloxacin

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Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates of pyogenic infections in a tertiary care centre in Southern India

Banerjee, A., and *Pavani, G

 

Department of Microbiology, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India

*Correspondence to: drpavanic@gmail.com

 

Abstract:

 Background: Pyogenic infections, characterized by pus formation due to acute inflammation, remain a common clinical problem, particularly in hospital settings. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among causative bacterial pathogens poses a significant threat to treatment efficacy. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from pyogenic infections in a tertiary care hospital in Southern India.

Methodology: An observational laboratory-based study was conducted from January to April 2025 in the Microbiology Department of Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India. A total of 138 pus, aspirates and wound swab samples were processed using standard aerobic culture techniques. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using the VITEK 2 Compact system following the CLSI 2025 guidelines. Continue reading “Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates of pyogenic infections in a tertiary care centre in Southern India”

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Genotypic identification and antibiotic susceptibility of coagulase negative staphylococci isolates from urine samples of patients in southwest Nigeria

[1],2Oluwatobi, O. B., *1,3Igbokwe, C. O., 1,4Famojuro, O. B., and 1Adeleke, O. E.

 

1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Atiba University, Oyo, Nigeria

3Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Lead City University Ibadan, Nigeria

4Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: igbokwe.christopher@lcu.edu.ng; +2348062895635; ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000–0001–7379–6503

 

Abstract: 

 Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) largely affects women and is mostly caused by bacteria, among which coagulase negative staphylococci has received little attention. The objectives of this study are to isolate and genotypically identify coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) from urine samples of adult females attending selected healthcare facilities from three States (Oyo, Osun and Ogun) in southwest Nigeria, and to determine their susceptibility to selected antibiotics. Continue reading “Genotypic identification and antibiotic susceptibility of coagulase negative staphylococci isolates from urine samples of patients in southwest Nigeria”

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Prevalence of β-lactamase-encoding genes in Salmonella Typhi isolates from patients attending secondary healthcare facilities in Benue south senatorial district, northcentral Nigeria

[1],[2],[3]Adikwu, P., *1Oche, D. A., 2Umeh, E. U., 2Ogbonna, I. O., 2Iheukwumere, C. C., [4]Obande, G. A., [5]Oyiwona, G. E., 2Adole, P. I., 1Agbo, A. A., 2Ochekpe, S. O., 3Okoh, M. E., and 3Soom, S. T.

[1] Département de Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Fédérale des Sciences de la Santé d’Otukpo, État de Benue, Nigéria

[2] Département de Microbiologie, Université Fédérale d’Agriculture, Makurdi, État de Benue, Nigéria

[3] 3Département de Microbiologie, Université d’État de Benue Makurdi, État de Benue, Nigéria

[4] 4Département de Microbiologie, Université Fédérale, Lafia, État de Nasarawa, Nigéria

[5] Département de Technologie de Laboratoire Scientifique, École Polytechnique de l’État de Benue, Ugbokolo,

Abstract:

 Background: The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi poses a major challenge in the treatment of typhoid fever using commonly available antibiotics. However, in many rural and semi-urban communities of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), routine surveillance for MDR S. Typhi is scarcely undertaken. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of β-lactamase genes in MDR S. Typhi isolated from patients in nine secondary healthcare facilities in Benue south senatorial district, northcentral Nigeria. Continue reading “Prevalence of β-lactamase-encoding genes in Salmonella Typhi isolates from patients attending secondary healthcare facilities in Benue south senatorial district, northcentral Nigeria”

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Genomic characterization of an extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolate

*[1]Danjuma, I., [2]Timan, T. E., 1Daikwo, M. A., and 1Anunobi, O. O.

1Department of Biochemistry, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

 2Zankli Research Center, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: idanjuma4real@gmail.com; +2348063471293

Abstract:

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, constitutes a predominant infectious disease with high mortality on a global scale, especially in Nigeria. The emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB poses a significant challenge to the control of this disease, underscoring the necessity for the identification of underlying genetic mutations to facilitate informed treatment decisions and mitigate transmission. Continue reading “Genomic characterization of an extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolate”