Posted on

Malaria: A narrative review of historical efforts in prevention and control

*[1],[2]Ayeni, A. E., [3]Azuh, V. O., 1Oluwatoba, O. A., and 1,4Fayemiwo, S. A.

1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

2Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

3Biorepository and Clinical Virology Laboratory, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

4Clinical Microbiology Unit, Infectious Disease Institute (IDI), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: ayenieugene@gmail.com

Abstract:

Malaria is an ancient disease that continues to exert a significant toll on the health of many populations worldwide. Since historic times, when its seasonality, recurrent fever and chills, were documented, various methods for its control have been implemented based on then-extant scientific knowledge, technological advancement and the understanding of its pathogenesis and epidemiology. As knowledge of the disease increased, approaches for its control were modified or improved to reduce disease burden and eliminate the disease. Today, our current knowledge of malaria has afforded newer approaches for prevention and control, including newer drugs and procedures to monitor emerging threats and hence more effective control mechanisms. In this narrative review, we consider a brief history of malaria, with insights into malaria pathogenesis and an evolution of prevention and control measures into the present day. Continue reading “Malaria: A narrative review of historical efforts in prevention and control”

Posted on

Burden and predictors of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Burkina Faso

[1]Sawadogo, T. L., *1Yooda, A. P., 2Kambiré, D., 3Simporé, A., 4Nagalo, Y. A., 5Diarra, A., 2Zoure, A., A., 1Diallo, A., 1Paré, S. J. E., 1Combary, A., 1Saouadogo, T., 6Sanou, G.,     7Sanou, A. M., 6Bonkoungou, I. J. O., and 2Diabouga, P. S.

1Programme National de Lutte contre la Tuberculose, Ministère de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

2Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), LR-Maladies Infectieuses et Parasitaires (LR-MIP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

3Agence Nationale Pour la Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Environnement, de l’Alimentation, du Travail et des Produits de

Santé (ANSSEAT), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

4Université Lédéa Bernard Ouédraogo, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso

5Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS)

6Université Joseph KI ZERBO/ Unité de Génomique des pathogènes One-Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

7Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), LR-Maladies Infectieuses et Parasitaires (LR-MIP), BOBO Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

*Correspondence to: paulyooda@gmail.com

Abstract:  

Background: In Burkina Faso, the emergence of resistance within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) represents a growing public health challenge, threatening the progress made toward tuberculosis (TB) control. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of rifampicin- and isoniazid-resistant TB and to identify factors associated with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) among patients managed at the National Tuberculosis Control Center (CNLAT). Continue reading “Burden and predictors of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Burkina Faso”

Posted on

Bridging diagnostic gaps of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with clinical diagnosis in a low-and middle-income state, southwest Nigeria: A secondary data analysis

*[1]Irek, E. O., [2]Isinkaye, A. O., and [3]Orojo, J. A.

1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Afe Babalola University/Afe Babalola University Multi-System Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

2Department of Community Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido, Ekiti, Nigeria

3Tuberculosis Leprosy and Buruli Control Programme, Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: dj1irek@yahoo.com; +2348136833485; ORCID: 0000-0001-6363-6645

 

Abstract:

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a significant challenge to global TB control efforts, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where diagnostic resources are limited, thereby widening treatment gap. This has increased morbidity and mortality due to TB in Sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to evaluate the role of clinical diagnosis in identifying DR-TB in pulmonary TB cases missed by the sputum GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Continue reading “Bridging diagnostic gaps of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with clinical diagnosis in a low-and middle-income state, southwest Nigeria: A secondary data analysis”

Posted on

Impact of sputum transit time on TB isolation and culture contamination rate

*1,2Eliya, T. T., 1,2Ajide, B. A., 1Ugwu, C., 1Emmana, B., 1Ishaku, P., 1James, E., and 1,[1]John, B.

1Zankli Research Centre, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2Biological Sciences Department, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

3Community Medicine and Primary Health Care Department, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria                   *Correspondence to: iliya.taryuta@binghamuni.edu.ng; Tel: +2347034229746

 

Abstract:

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) culture is the ‘gold standard’ test for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and enables comprehensive drug susceptibility testing. However, culture contamination remains a challenge in TB culture, resulting in significant loss of time and resources, and potentially leading to poor treatment outcomes due to incorrect clinical decision-making. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of sputum transit time on contamination rate and the yield of M. tuberculosis. Continue reading “Impact of sputum transit time on TB isolation and culture contamination rate”

Posted on

Efflux and mecA/mecC-mediated-resistance in multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from selected Ghanaian primary and tertiary hospitals

1Zumbi, C. N., 2Odoi, H., *1Boamah, V. E., 1Boakye, Y. D., and 1Agyare, C.

1Pharmaceutical Microbiology Section, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

2Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana

*Correspondence to: etsiapa@yahoo.com; veboamah.pharm@knust.edu.gh;

 

Abstract:

 Background: Globally, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality amongst patients; however, reports on MRSA infections in Ghana are mostly from tertiary healthcare facilities. This study determined the prevalence of methicillin and multiple efflux resistance mechanisms in S. aureus isolates from five selected primary and tertiary healthcare facilities in Ghana. Continue reading “Efflux and mecA/mecC-mediated-resistance in multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from selected Ghanaian primary and tertiary hospitals”

Posted on

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from apparently healthy school pupils and students in Enugu and Ebonyi States, Nigeria

*1Ukpai, E. G., and 2Onah, E. S.

 1Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

1International Institute of Infectious Diseases, Biosafety and Biosecurity Research, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2Department of Ophthalmology, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2Institute for Eye Health and Visual Science Research (IEHVSR), David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria *Correspondence to: ukpaieg@dufuhs.edu.ng

 

Abstract:  

 Background: Infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a big health challenge around the world because it is associated with increase morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of MRSA isolated from apparently healthy school pupils and students in Enugu and Ebonyi States, Nigeria. Continue reading “Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from apparently healthy school pupils and students in Enugu and Ebonyi States, Nigeria”

Posted on

Prevalence of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase gene among multi- drug-resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

*1,2Jugah, C. C., 1,3Makanjuola, O. B., 1Ogunleye, V. O., 4Azuh, V. O., 4Kazeem, O. S.,

1,4Subulade, A. A., 4Adesanya, O. A., 4Adeniyi, A. V, and 1,3Kehinde, A. O.

   1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

2College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

3University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

4Biorepository and Clinical Virology Laboratory, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria  *Correspondence to: christianaokiyi25@gmail.com

 

Abstract:

Background: Failure of antimicrobial therapy may give an insight into carriage of resistance genes among microbial pathogens. The ease of spread of these genes including beta-lactamase genes such as blaNDM, blaKPC, and blaOXA-48 is a major public health challenge worldwide. The study aimed to detect New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (blaNDM) gene carriage among multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from clinical specimens at the University College Hospital, Ibadan (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria. Continue reading “Prevalence of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase gene among multi- drug-resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria”

Posted on

Molecular detection of tetracycline resistance genes in an emerging Enterobacteriaceae isolate from earthen catfish ponds in Akure, Nigeria

*Fadare, O. S., Olalekan, P., and *Salam, L. B.

Department of Biological Sciences (Microbiology Unit), Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Elizade University, Wuraola Ade Ojo Avenue, P. M. B. 002, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: olalekan.fadare@elizadeuniversity.edu.ng; +2348169001041; ORCiD: 0000-0002-1749-2238 *Correspondence to: lateef.salam@elizadeuniversity.edu.ng; +234 810 245 0606; ORCID: 0000-0001-8353-534X

Abstract:

Background: Aquaculture environments are increasingly recognized as reservoirs for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria due to the routine use of antibiotics such as tetracyclines. Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae readily acquire and disseminate resistance determinants, posing risks to food safety and public health. In Nigeria, molecular data on tetracycline resistance in aquaculture systems remain limited. This study investigated the occurrence and molecular basis of tetracycline resistance among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from earthen catfish ponds in Akure, Nigeria.    Continue reading “Molecular detection of tetracycline resistance genes in an emerging Enterobacteriaceae isolate from earthen catfish ponds in Akure, Nigeria”

Posted on

Assessment of genetic diversity in Aspergillus carbonarius through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker analysis

1Thomas, B. T., *1Coker, M. O., 1Popoola, O. D., 1Adesetan, T. O., 1Banjo, O. A., 1Taiwo, O. S., 1Popoola, K. E., 2Thomas, A. N., 1Adegbe, G. M., and 3Owolabi, S. L.

1Department of Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria

2Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria

3Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Microbiology Unit), Gateway Polytechnic, Saapade, Ogun State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: olawunmi.coker@oouagoiwoye.edu.ng; +2349054006625; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000–0003–0937-7755

 

Abstract:

Background: The importance of RAPD in revealing genetic diversity among ochratoxigenic strains of Aspergillus carbonarius lies in its ability to provide critical information that can support the development of effective strategies to limit ochratoxin A contamination in agricultural produce. This study therefore focused on evaluating the genetic diversity of 20 A. carbonarius strains previously isolated in an earlier investigation.    Continue reading “Assessment of genetic diversity in Aspergillus carbonarius through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker analysis”

Posted on

SARS-CoV-2 faecal negativity and gastrointestinal eubiosis in non-severe COVID-19 in Lagos, Nigeria

*Bamidele, T. A., Fowora, M. A., Raheem, T. Y., Ajayi, A., Adagbada, A., Yisau, J. I.,   Salau, O. Y., Shaibu, J. O., Amoo, O. S., Aiyedogbon, N., Fesobi, T. W.,          Akintunde, G., Iwalokun, B. A., Smith, S. I., and Salako, B. L. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6, Edmund Crescent, Yaba-Lagos, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: bamideletj@gmail.com; Tel: +2348038578093; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000–0003–2155–8639

 

Abstract:

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), when disseminated to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), can cause alterations in the composition and diversity of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota. However, there is a paucity of data linking SARS-CoV-2 fecal negativity with the GI microbial balance. This study investigated the association between the GI bacterial composition and clinically defined asymptomatic, mild/moderate COVID-19 fecal-negative individuals.

Methodology: This was a cross sectional, comparative study of GI bacterial composition in COVID-19 nasopharyngeal (NP) -positive (n=7) and negative (n=5) participants at the testing facility of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research between 6th July and 8th August 2022. Faecal samples were collected from the 12 participants. The RNA extracted from the NP-positive samples was used for RT‒qPCR detection of the nucleocapsid and open reading frame (ORF1ab) genes, while DNA from all the faecal samples was used for 16S rRNA metataxonomic analysis.      Continue reading “SARS-CoV-2 faecal negativity and gastrointestinal eubiosis in non-severe COVID-19 in Lagos, Nigeria”