[1]Sawadogo, T. L., *1Yooda, A. P., 2Kambiré, D., 3Simporé, A., 4Nagalo, Y. A., 5Diarra, A., 2Zoure, A., A., 1Diallo, A., 1Paré, S. J. E., 1Combary, A., 1Saouadogo, T., 6Sanou, G., 7Sanou, A. M., 6Bonkoungou, I. J. O., and 2Diabouga, P. S.
1Programme National de Lutte contre la Tuberculose, Ministère de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
2Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), LR-Maladies Infectieuses et Parasitaires (LR-MIP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
3Agence Nationale Pour la Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Environnement, de l’Alimentation, du Travail et des Produits de
Santé (ANSSEAT), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
4Université Lédéa Bernard Ouédraogo, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso
5Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS)
6Université Joseph KI ZERBO/ Unité de Génomique des pathogènes One-Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
7Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), LR-Maladies Infectieuses et Parasitaires (LR-MIP), BOBO Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
*Correspondence to: paulyooda@gmail.com
Abstract:
Background: In Burkina Faso, the emergence of resistance within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) represents a growing public health challenge, threatening the progress made toward tuberculosis (TB) control. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of rifampicin- and isoniazid-resistant TB and to identify factors associated with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) among patients managed at the National Tuberculosis Control Center (CNLAT).
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted using samples from 3,485 presumptive and confirmed TB patients received at CNLAT from January 2020 to December 2023. MTBC detection and rifampicin resistance screening were performed using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Samples testing rifampicin-resistant were further analyzed with the GenoType MDRplus v2.0 assay to assess concurrent resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin.
Results: The overall prevalence of rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) among 3,485 TB patients was 2.7% (95% CI: 2.2–3.3), 1.9% among new cases and 11.7% among previously treated cases. Of 60 RR-TB cases identified by Xpert MTB/RIF assay tested by GenoType MDRplus, 73.3% (44/60) were confirmed multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB).
Significant associations were observed between MDR/RR-TB and age (p=0.044) and previous TB treatment history
(p<0.001).
Conclusion: This study reveals a notable burden of MDR/RR-TB (2.7%) in Burkina Faso, emphasizing the need for systematic molecular testing and robust patient monitoring throughout treatment. Strengthening early diagnosis, treatment adherence, and molecular surveillance will be critical to limiting the spread of drug-resistant TB and achieving national TB elimination targets.
Keywords: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, rifampicin resistance, molecular diagnostics, surveillance, Burkina Faso
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