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Phytochemical screening, in vitro anti-fungal activities, and time-kill kinetics of methanol extracts of Nauclea latifolia against selected dermatophytes

*1Odeyemi, O., and 2Enweani-Nwokelo, I. B.

1Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria

2Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: yemiode@yahoo.com;  Tel: +2347032971869

Abstract: 

Background: Dermatophytosis is a highly contagious superficial mycosis of the genera Trichophyton, Epidermophyton and Microsporum that affects both man and animal. The different plant parts of Nauclea latifolia are known to have ethnomedicinal uses. The objective of this study is to access the phytochemical components of N. latifolia plant parts and to investigate the anti-fungal activities and time-kill kinetics of the plant parts against isolated dermatophyte species.

Methodology: The pulverized parts (root, stem, leaf, fruit) of authenticated N. latifolia plant were extracted using cold maceration method for 48 hours in methanol. The extracts were then concentrated almost to dryness and the phytochemical constituents assessed. The preliminary screening of the anti-dermatophytic activities of the extracts was determined by the agar disc diffusion technique on selected dermatophytes, consisting of two isolates of Microsporum ferrugineum (strains 1 and 2), two isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes (strains 1 and 2), one isolate of Microsporum audouinii and one isolate of Microsporum canis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and time-kill kinetics of the extracts were determined using standard methods on the selected dermatophytes. Continue reading “Phytochemical screening, in vitro anti-fungal activities, and time-kill kinetics of methanol extracts of Nauclea latifolia against selected dermatophytes”

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Leptospira sp and chronic kidney disease: A preliminary study of the serological status of a population of dialysis patients in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

*1,2,3Koffi, K. S., 1Bahi, G. A., 1Saraka, N. D., 1Tiémoko, G. G., 1Kouassi, K. S., 1,2Méité, S., and 1Dosso, M.

1Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 490, Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire

2Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences Médicales, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny

3Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, CHU de Treichville

*Correspondence to: Koffi.ks@ufhb.edu.ci

Abstract:

Background: Pathogenic strains of Leptospira are responsible for leptospirosis, a neglected zoonotic disease, whose pathophysiology involves acute kidney injury. These kidney lesions may progress to chronic forms, suggesting that leptospirosis could be a potential contributor to chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to determine the serological status related to leptospirosis in dialysis patients in Côte d’Ivoire.  Continue reading “Leptospira sp and chronic kidney disease: A preliminary study of the serological status of a population of dialysis patients in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire”

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Prevalence of fungal isolates in selected poultry farms and outcomes of ocular fungal infections in experimental murine model

*1,2Mba, A. N., and 3Ekwealor, I. A.

1Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2International Institute for Infectious Diseases, Biosafety and Biosecurity Research, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

3Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: tonia762013@gmail.com; +2348035082191; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000–0001–8409–8559

 

Abstract:

Background: Poultry farm workers, often exposed to fungal-laden environments, are at heightened risk of ocular mycoses, which is a potentially blinding infection that warrants urgent attention and investigation. This study investigates the fungal load and pathogenicity of fungal isolates from ten selected poultry farms in Anambra State, southeast Nigeria, and their potential to cause ocular mycoses in a murine model, simulating occupational exposure. Continue reading “Prevalence of fungal isolates in selected poultry farms and outcomes of ocular fungal infections in experimental murine model”

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Antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid profiles of Salmonella Typhi in Sagamu, southwest Nigeria

*1Ogunyemi, D. T., and 2Ogunyemi, A. O.

1Department of Pathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria

2Department of Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: ogunyemidamilare@gmail.com; +2348140093814; ORCID: 0009-0005-3456-4036

 

Abstract:

 Background: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is the causative agent of typhoid fever, a major public health concern in Nigeria and other low-resource settings. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), often plasmid-mediated, poses a serious challenge to treatment. Local surveillance data on resistance and plasmid carriage are critical for guiding effective interventions. This study investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid profiles of clinical Salmonella Typhi isolates from stool samples in Sagamu, southwest Nigeria. Continue reading “Antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid profiles of Salmonella Typhi in Sagamu, southwest Nigeria”

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Molecular detection of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella spp from clinical samples in Ibadan, Nigeria

*[1],3Subulade, A. A., 1,[2]Makanjuola, O. B., 2Oduola, A. B., 1,2Adebiyi, I., [3]Azuh, V. O.,                    and 1,2Kehinde, A. O.

  1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

2University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria                              3Biorepository and Clinical Virology Laboratory, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: adeolaasubulade@gmail.com

Abstract:

Background: Klebsiella species are significant pathogens responsible for various healthcare-associated infections. Despite the existence of several mechanisms of resistance against high priority antibiotics such as carbapenems, the production of carbapenemases remains the most important mechanism of resistance among Klebsiella spp. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase-production among Klebsiella spp isolated from clinical specimens at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Nigeria. Continue reading “Molecular detection of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella spp from clinical samples in Ibadan, Nigeria”

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Prevalence and molecular detection of ESBL genes in uropathogens isolated from children and adolescents in a General Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria

*[1]Ekpunobi, N. F., 1Ugwu, M. C., 2Agu, K. C., 1Chukwunwejim, C. R., 3Nedum, C. H., 1Okoye, L. C., and 1Mgbedo, U. C.

1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

2Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

3Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: nzubefavour34@gmail.com

Abstract:

 Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant global health concern with rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) posing a serious challenge to effective treatment. The increasing prevalence of extendedspectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogens further complicates management, as these bacteria are resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and other β-lactam antibiotics. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and characterize ESBL genes in uropathogens isolated from children with UTIs in Ajeromi General Hospital, Ajegunle, Lagos, Nigeria.  Continue reading “Prevalence and molecular detection of ESBL genes in uropathogens isolated from children and adolescents in a General Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria”

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Phenotypic and molecular detection of methicillin-resistance and virulence factors in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in southeastern Nigeria

*1Ikeagwu, I. J., 2,3Oshim, I. O., 4Obi, C. M., 5Odeyemi, O., 4Urama, E. U., 6Ikeagwulonu, C. R., 2,7Azi, S. O., 2,7Aniokete, U. C., 4Okeke-Nwolisa, B. C., and 2,3Okekpa,S. I.

1Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Nigeria

2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, David Umahi Federal University of Health Science, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

3International Institute for Oncology and Cancer, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

4Department of Medical Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria

5Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Achiever University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria

6Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

7International Institute of Infectious Disease, Biosafety and Biosecurity, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: judithfmc@gmail.com

Abstract:

Background: The emergence of antibiotic resistance among coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is an important factor in nosocomial infections outcomes in the healthcare system. This study aimed to phenotypically detect methicillin resistance and genotypically detect mecA gene and other virulence markers in coagulasenegative staphylococci isolated from patients with suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital (AE-FUTHA), Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Continue reading “Phenotypic and molecular detection of methicillin-resistance and virulence factors in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in southeastern Nigeria”

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Diagnostic utility of p16 and Ki-67 immunohistochemical markers in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Association with HPV status and histological grade

*1Ogunyemi, D. T., 1Sodiya, H. A., 2Somade, O., and 3Kawu, S.

1Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital,               Sagamu, Nigeria

2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, State Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria

3Department of Pathology, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: ogunyemidamilare@gmail.com; +2348140093814

 

Abstract:

 Background: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a precursor to cervical cancer, often associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Accurate diagnosis and grading of CIN are critical for effective management. Immunohistochemical markers like p16 and Ki-67 can enhance diagnostic precision by identifying oncogenic HPV-induced changes and cellular proliferation. This study evaluates the diagnostic utility of p16 and Ki-67 expression in CIN lesions and association with HPV status and histological grade.

Methodology: This retrospective study analyzed archived cervical biopsy samples diagnosed with CIN over a 5-year period in a tertiary care center in Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. Histological grading of CIN was confirmed, and immunohistochemical staining for p16 and Ki-67 was performed. HPV status was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the biopsy sample. Marker expression patterns were compared across CIN grades and with HPV status. Statistical association of p16 and Ki-67 expression with CIN grades and HPV was done using Chi-square or Fisher Exact test, with p<0.05 considered as statistical significance. Continue reading “Diagnostic utility of p16 and Ki-67 immunohistochemical markers in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Association with HPV status and histological grade”

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Assessment of markers of platelet immune activation in malaria, tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection

*Akpan, P. A., Asemota, E. A., and Etura, J. E.

Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science,

University of Calabar, PMB 115, Calabar, Nigeria.

*Correspondence to: apu0520@unical.edu.ng; pecu0520@gmail.com; +2348027321305

ORCID: 0000-0002-4571-8804

Abstract:

Background: Malaria, tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remain issues of public health concern in Nigeria. This study assessed parameters of platelet immune function with a view to understanding their role in the immune response against malaria, TB and HIV infection at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital and Dr Lawrence Henshaw Memorial Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.  Continue reading “Assessment of markers of platelet immune activation in malaria, tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection”

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Prevalence of enteric parasitic infection among people living with HIV in parts of southeastern Nigeria

*[1]Aniobi, C. C., and [2]Onyemelukwe, N. F.

1Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria

2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: ccaniobi@gmail.com; 08036979635

Abstract:

Background: Intestinal parasites in HIV/AIDS patients increase the risk of gastroenteritis, adding to the complexity of the disease. The interactions of intestinal parasites are one of the factors leading to HIV replication and progression of AIDS. Chronic immunosuppression caused by HIV infection makes people vulnerable to parasitic infestations, and this is associated with a CD4+ cell count of less than 200/mm3. This

study is aimed at determining the prevalence of enteric parasitic infection among people living with HIV in southeast Nigeria. Continue reading “Prevalence of enteric parasitic infection among people living with HIV in parts of southeastern Nigeria”