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Evolving dynamics and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae in Nigeria: An integrative epidemiological and microbiological review

[1]Medugu, N., 1Israel-Aliu, O., 1Jibril, I., [2]Egah, R., [3][4]Garba, R. D., 4Musa-Booth, T., and *1Adegboro, B.

1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria

2International Foundation against Infectious Disease in Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria

3Department of Public Health, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria

411928 Woodlawn Drive, Woodlawn, Maryland 21207, USA               *Correspondence to: boaz.adegboro@nileuniversity.edu.ng

Abstract:

Background: Cholera remains recurrent in Nigeria, with outbreak location and magnitude varying over time in relation to population displacement, flooding, rapid urban growth, and constraints in water and sanitation services. Published microbiological and genomic studies describe circulation of seventh-pandemic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor lineages in Nigeria, with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) reported in multiple isolate series and occasional reports of non-O1/non-O139 strains. Continue reading “Evolving dynamics and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae in Nigeria: An integrative epidemiological and microbiological review”

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Prevalence of mecA and vanA genes in nasal Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospitalized patients in Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria

*¹Okunbor, H. N., ¹,²Otaigbe, I. I., ¹,²Oluwole, T. O., ¹,²Elikwu, C. J., and 3Bhola, A. K.

¹Department of Medical Microbiology, Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

²Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

³ISID-BMGF Research Capacity Building Mentor

*Correspondence to: okunborh@babcock.edu.ng; Tel: +2348059834262; ORCID: 0009-0001-2016-6310

Abstract:

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), poses a major global public health challenge. Data on the molecular epidemiology of resistance genes in Nigeria remain limited. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of mecA, vanA, and vanB genes among nasal S. aureus isolates, assess antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and explore associations of prevalence with demographic and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients in Babcock University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria. Continue reading “Prevalence of mecA and vanA genes in nasal Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospitalized patients in Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria”

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Prevalence and distribution of the World Health Organization-Bacterial Priority Pathogens in selected hospitals in Katsina State, Nigeria

*1,2Suleiman, H. A., 1Mukhtar, G. L., and 1Hayatuddeen, M. R.

1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Science, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina, Nigeria

2Department of Medicine, General Hospital Kankia, Katsina State, Nigeria          *Correspondence to: suleimanaliyuhayatulah@gmail.com; Tel: 08030835316; ORCID: 0009-0007-9878-3582

Abstract: 

Background: Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria have become a major global public health challenge, as they can reduce the effectiveness of modern medical treatments and clinical care. The most important of these pathogens are those listed in the World Health Organization (WHO) Bacterial Priority Pathogens List (BPPL) of 2024. This study determined the prevalence, distribution, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of the WHO bacterial priority pathogens in three selected hospital settings in Katsina State, Nigeria. Continue reading “Prevalence and distribution of the World Health Organization-Bacterial Priority Pathogens in selected hospitals in Katsina State, Nigeria”

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Exploring in-silico antimicrobial potential of Cymbopogon citratus phytochemicals in the treatment of drug-resistant Escherichia coli using molecular docking and ADMET screening

Adewole, P. D., *Orija, F. O., and Bamigboye, K. P.

Medical Laboratory Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria

*Correspondence to:  orija.funmbi@bowen.edu.ng; 08136046292; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009–0002–9397–9467

Abstract:  

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious global health threat, particularly by to multidrugresistant Escherichia coli, which reduces the efficacy of conventional antibiotics. Medicinal plants such as Cymbopogon citratus have gained attention as potential alternative antimicrobial sources. This study evaluated the in-silico antimicrobial potential of C. citratus phytochemicals against drug-resistant E. coli.              Continue reading “Exploring in-silico antimicrobial potential of Cymbopogon citratus phytochemicals in the treatment of drug-resistant Escherichia coli using molecular docking and ADMET screening”

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Dual vanA/vanB gene-carrying vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An emerging threat from northeast Nigeria

*1Hamza, J. A., 2Garba, L., 2Yarma, A. A., 2Ibrahim, H. I., and 1Adamu, H.
1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria 2Department of Microbiology, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria *Correspondence to: jabirgsu@gsu.edu.ng, Te: +2347039306208

Abstract:
Background: Vancomycin is an antibiotic of last resort for the treatment of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The emergence of vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) is a major threat to global healthcare with devastating implications. In Nigeria, data on VRSA is scarce while the molecular characterization of the organism from Northeast region is nearly absent. This current is aim to detect vancomycin resistance among MRSA isolates from Gombe State, Nigeria, and identify the genetic determinants involved. Continue reading “Dual vanA/vanB gene-carrying vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An emerging threat from northeast Nigeria”

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Microbiological profile of bacteraemia in febrile patients receiving chemotherapy: Experience of the Alassane Ouattara National Center of Oncology and Radiotherapy (CNRAO), 2024

*1,2Boni, C., 1Kouakou, C., 2Gnegouri, R., 2Benié Ackah, J., and 1Koffi, K. S.

1Department of Fundamental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

2Laboratory Department, Alassane Ouattara National Center of Oncology and Radiotherapy (CNRAO), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

*Correspondence to: boni.cho@ufhb.edu.ci; +2250505083523

 

Abstract:

 Background: Febrile episodes in patients undergoing chemotherapy pose a major risk for bloodstream infections (BSIs). Prompt microbiological diagnosis is essential to guide targeted therapy and minimize the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

Methodology: A six-month cross-sectional study (July–December 2024) was conducted at the Alassane Ouattara National Center of Oncology and Radiotherapy (CNRAO), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. All chemotherapy patients presenting with fever (≥38.5°C) were included. Blood cultures were processed using the BACT/ALERT system, and bacterial identification with antimicrobial susceptibility testing followed CA-SFM 2022 guidelines. ESBL and carbapenemase production in Gram-negative isolates was detected in line with CA-SFM/EUCAST guidelines while methicillin resistance (MR), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB), and kanamycin-tobramycin-genta- micin (KTG) resistance phenotypes in Gram-positive isolates were detected in line with CLSI/CA-SFM standard. Continue reading “Microbiological profile of bacteraemia in febrile patients receiving chemotherapy: Experience of the Alassane Ouattara National Center of Oncology and Radiotherapy (CNRAO), 2024”

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Antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid profiles of Salmonella Typhi in Sagamu, southwest Nigeria

*1Ogunyemi, D. T., and 2Ogunyemi, A. O.

1Department of Pathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria

2Department of Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: ogunyemidamilare@gmail.com; +2348140093814; ORCID: 0009-0005-3456-4036

 

Abstract:

 Background: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is the causative agent of typhoid fever, a major public health concern in Nigeria and other low-resource settings. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), often plasmid-mediated, poses a serious challenge to treatment. Local surveillance data on resistance and plasmid carriage are critical for guiding effective interventions. This study investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid profiles of clinical Salmonella Typhi isolates from stool samples in Sagamu, southwest Nigeria. Continue reading “Antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid profiles of Salmonella Typhi in Sagamu, southwest Nigeria”

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Molecular detection of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella spp from clinical samples in Ibadan, Nigeria

*[1],3Subulade, A. A., 1,[2]Makanjuola, O. B., 2Oduola, A. B., 1,2Adebiyi, I., [3]Azuh, V. O.,                    and 1,2Kehinde, A. O.

  1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

2University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria                              3Biorepository and Clinical Virology Laboratory, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: adeolaasubulade@gmail.com

Abstract:

Background: Klebsiella species are significant pathogens responsible for various healthcare-associated infections. Despite the existence of several mechanisms of resistance against high priority antibiotics such as carbapenems, the production of carbapenemases remains the most important mechanism of resistance among Klebsiella spp. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase-production among Klebsiella spp isolated from clinical specimens at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Nigeria. Continue reading “Molecular detection of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella spp from clinical samples in Ibadan, Nigeria”

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A narrative review exploring phage therapy as a sustainable alternative solution to combat antimicrobial resistance in Africa: Applications, challenges and future directions

1Obidi N. O., and 2Ekpunobi, N. F.

1Department of Parasitology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

2Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: nzubefavour34@gmail.com

 

Abstract:

The increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Africa, coupled with limited access to advanced antibiotics and high rates of bacterial infections poses serious public health challenge. Bacteriophages, viruses that target and destroy bacteria, present a promising alternative or complementary therapy to traditional antibiotics. Phage therapy leverages its unique ability to target specific bacterial strains without affecting the host beneficial microbiota. It is an effective tool against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) microbial pathogens, particularly in resource-limited settings. This narrative review explores the potentials of phage therapy in Africa, highlighting its advantages, such as specificity, minimal side effects, and cost-effectiveness, alongside its capability to tackle biofilm-associated and AMR infections. It discusses current research and collaborations, including case studies from Nigeria, Benin, and South Africa that demonstrate the efficacy of phage therapy against bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges to phage therapy implementation such as regulatory hurdles, public skepticism, and infrastructure limitations, while emphasizing the importance of developing local production and awareness campaigns. The review concludes by recommending the integration of phage therapy into Africa healthcare strategies to address AMR. Through strategic partnerships, education and regulatory frameworks, phage therapy could become a transformative solution, particularly for neglected diseases and infections common in low-resource settings. As Africa seeks innovative approaches to its growing AMR crisis, phage therapy stands out as a viable and adaptable option.

Continue reading “A narrative review exploring phage therapy as a sustainable alternative solution to combat antimicrobial resistance in Africa: Applications, challenges and future directions”

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Bacteriological quality of Datura stramonium cocktail (‘gegemu’) and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated bacterial pathogens

*1Onipede, J. A., 2Morka, E., 1Adeleye, O. R., and 3Onipede, O. M.

Abstract:
Background: Datura stramonium, commonly known as Jimson weed, is widely recognized in traditional medicine, and is a key ingredient in various herbal concoctions. Aside from the well-known herbal formulation, a cocktail made from Datura stramonium, known locally as ‘gegemu’, has become increasingly popular among students in our environment, raising concerns about its microbial quality. The fact that this cocktail is not commercially available raises the possibility of contamination by pathogenic microorganisms during preparation or storage, posing significant health risk. The objective of this study was to assess the microbial quality of this cocktail drink and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacteria isolates. Continue reading “Bacteriological quality of Datura stramonium cocktail (‘gegemu’) and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated bacterial pathogens”