Biomarkers – afrjcem.org

^*1Ogunyemi, D. T., ¹Sodiya, H. A., ²Somade, O., and ³Kawu, S.

¹Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria

²Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, State Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria

³Department of Pathology, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: ogunyemidamilare@gmail.com; +2348140093814

Abstract:

Background: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a precursor to cervical cancer, often associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Accurate diagnosis and grading of CIN are critical for effective management. Immunohistochemical markers like p16 and Ki-67 can enhance diagnostic precision by identifying oncogenic HPV-induced changes and cellular proliferation. This study evaluates the diagnostic utility of p16 and Ki-67 expression in CIN lesions and association with HPV status and histological grade.

Methodology: This retrospective study analyzed archived cervical biopsy samples diagnosed with CIN over a 5-year period in a tertiary care center in Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. Histological grading of CIN was confirmed, and immunohistochemical staining for p16 and Ki-67 was performed. HPV status was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the biopsy sample. Marker expression patterns were compared across CIN grades and with HPV status. Statistical association of p16 and Ki-67 expression with CIN grades and HPV was done using Chi-square or Fisher Exact test, with p<0.05 considered as statistical significance. Continue reading “Diagnostic utility of p16 and Ki-67 immunohistochemical markers in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Association with HPV status and histological grade”

*1Adegboro, B., 2Babazhitsu, M., and 3Mba, N. I.

Departments of 1Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and 3Chemical Pathology, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: boazadegboro@gmail.com; boaz.adegboro@nileuniversity.edu.ng

Abstract:
Because of high mortality and long-term hospital stay among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections, it is important to search for biochemical changes in different organs and systems that could be useful in diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19. We conducted a literature search of online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google scholar for relevant materials on biochemical changes in SARS-COV-2 infections published between December 2019 and March 2021. The review shows that SARS-COV-2 uses the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for attachment and entry into host cells. These ACE2 are abundantly expressed by the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and moderately expressed by the epithelial cells of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum, rectum, cholangiocytes, liver hepatocytes, pancreatic beta cells, and kidney tubular cells. This explains the systemic nature of SARS-COV-2 infection, and the high morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. Although, tests to assess biochemical changes are not specific enough for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, they may be useful for predicting outcome of COVID-19. This review highlights biochemical parameters that are significantly elevated or reduced in SARS-COV-2 infections, and which can be used as predictive factors of the severity and prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Continue reading “A review of the possible prognostic values of biochemical changes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections”