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Bridging diagnostic gaps of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with clinical diagnosis in a low-and middle-income state, southwest Nigeria: A secondary data analysis

*[1]Irek, E. O., [2]Isinkaye, A. O., and [3]Orojo, J. A.

1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Afe Babalola University/Afe Babalola University Multi-System Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

2Department of Community Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido, Ekiti, Nigeria

3Tuberculosis Leprosy and Buruli Control Programme, Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: dj1irek@yahoo.com; +2348136833485; ORCID: 0000-0001-6363-6645

 

Abstract:

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a significant challenge to global TB control efforts, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where diagnostic resources are limited, thereby widening treatment gap. This has increased morbidity and mortality due to TB in Sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to evaluate the role of clinical diagnosis in identifying DR-TB in pulmonary TB cases missed by the sputum GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Continue reading “Bridging diagnostic gaps of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with clinical diagnosis in a low-and middle-income state, southwest Nigeria: A secondary data analysis”

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Prevalence of pulmonary mycoses among patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis at the Infectious Disease Hospital, Kano, Nigeria

*Salim, A. B., and Nabila, M. I.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: ahmadbsalim@gmail.com; +2348033731917

Abstract:

Background: Opportunistic fungal infections have been implicated among patients with tuberculosis (TB). Coexistence of pulmonary mycoses and pulmonary TB is of public health concern as they exhibit similar clinical manifestations among infected patients, which contributes to increased misdiagnosis and makes management difficult, especially in TB-prone regions like Kano, Nigeria. Thus, this study was aimed at determining the prevalence of pulmonary mycoses among patients with suspected pulmonary TB attending the Infectious Disease Hospital (IDH), Kano State, Nigeria.                                                Continue reading “Prevalence of pulmonary mycoses among patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis at the Infectious Disease Hospital, Kano, Nigeria”

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Rifampicin resistant tuberculosis among patients attending General Hospital, Kagarko, Kaduna State, Nigeria

*1Bitet D. E., 2Kumurya, S. A., 3Joseph, L., and 4Bathelomow, P.

*1General Hospital, Zango Kataf, Ministry of Health and Human Services, Kaduna State, Nigeria

2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria

3Quality Control Unit, Directorate of Diagnostic Services, Ministry of Health, Gombe State 4General Hospital, Kagarko, Ministry of Health and Human Services, Kaduna State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: ezekieldogobetet@ymail.com; +2348036523901

Abstract:
Background: The National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Program (NTBLCP) in collaboration with Koninklijke Nederlandse Centrale Vereniging tot bestrijding der tuberculose (KNCV) (Dutch Tuberculosis Foundation) and National Agency for Control of AIDS (NACA) installed and equipped many health centres in Kaduna State, Nigeria with modern diagnostic tools (GeneXpert) to offer molecular services for the rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and rifampin resistance.

Methodology: This study analyzed routine samples from patients attending General Hospital Kagarko, from September 2016 to March 2019 with total samples of 1056 from 1056 patients. The GeneXpert machine was used for the rapid detection of M. tuberculosis and rifampin resistance (RIF) from all the sputum samples received in the clinical laboratory department of the hospital.

Results: A total of 182 (17.2%) samples tested positive for M. tuberculosis out of which 5 (2.7%) were resistant to rifampicin. Males were more frequently affected with a prevalence of 23% than females with a rate of 10.7% (X2=27.801, p=0.0001). RIF was detected in 3 male and 2 female patients (p=1.000). The prevalence of MTB was highest in the age group 36-45 years (23%) and age group 26-35 years (20.3%) and lowest in age group 5-15 years with 10.9% (t=0.599, p=0.55).

Conclusion: There is need for the GeneXpert technology to be replicated in other health centers across the state and the country at large to reduce the burden of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Nigeria.

Keywords: RIF resistance, MDR-TB, GeneXpert, Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Received November 14, 2019; Revised April 21, 2020; Accepted April 23, 2020

Copyright 2020 AJCEM Open Access. This article is licensed and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrition 4.0 International License <a rel=”license” href=”http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/”, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.

Tuberculose résistante à la rifampicine chez les patients de l’hôpital général de Kagarko, État de Kaduna, Nigéria

*1Bitet D. E., 2Kumurya, S. A., 3Joseph, L., et 4Bathelomow, P. Continue reading “Rifampicin resistant tuberculosis among patients attending General Hospital, Kagarko, Kaduna State, Nigeria”