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Antibiofilm activity of plant lectins: Evaluating the anti-adhesion properties of Treculia africana, Moringa oleifera, and Allium sativum on clinical bacterial isolates

1Onyekwere, U. U., *2Eluu, S. C., 3Eluu, K., 4Aina, T., 5Enyigwe, J. O., 6Okoye, C. S., 2Nwankwo, U. V., 7Burba, R. A., 4Akinbiola, A. B., 8Oke, B., 9Ebem, E. C., and 10Eze, G. O.

1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, 420110, Agulu, Anambra State, Nigeria

2Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

3Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, KM 8.5 Afe Babalola Way, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

5Department of Agricultural Economics, Management and Extension, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

6Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences. David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

7Department of Family and Consumer Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Taraba State University Jalingo, Nigeria

8Applied Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

9Department of Biotechnology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

10Department of Scientific and Research Services, David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria                                             *Correspondence to: eluustanleychijioke@gmail.com

 

Abstract:

Background: The increasing prevalence of biofilm-associated infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms has intensified the search for alternative antimicrobial agents. This study investigated the antibiofilm activity of lectins isolated from Treculia africana leaves (TAL), Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL), and Allium sativum bulbs (ASL) against selected clinical bacterial isolates.  Continue reading “Antibiofilm activity of plant lectins: Evaluating the anti-adhesion properties of Treculia africana, Moringa oleifera, and Allium sativum on clinical bacterial isolates”

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Prevalence and molecular detection of ESBL genes in uropathogens isolated from children and adolescents in a General Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria

*[1]Ekpunobi, N. F., 1Ugwu, M. C., 2Agu, K. C., 1Chukwunwejim, C. R., 3Nedum, C. H., 1Okoye, L. C., and 1Mgbedo, U. C.

1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

2Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

3Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: nzubefavour34@gmail.com

Abstract:

 Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant global health concern with rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) posing a serious challenge to effective treatment. The increasing prevalence of extendedspectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogens further complicates management, as these bacteria are resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and other β-lactam antibiotics. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and characterize ESBL genes in uropathogens isolated from children with UTIs in Ajeromi General Hospital, Ajegunle, Lagos, Nigeria.  Continue reading “Prevalence and molecular detection of ESBL genes in uropathogens isolated from children and adolescents in a General Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria”

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Recent update on the mechanism and epidemiology of metallo-β-lactamases in nosocomial infections: A mini review

*Eze, I. F 0009-0007-7286-9273., Adeoye-Isijola, M. O 0000-0002-3186-5432., Adefisoye, M. A 0000-0002-4957-4609., and Olajuyigbe, O. O 0000-0002-7889-0416

Department of Microbiology, School of Science and Technology, Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria *Correspondence to: ezeifyfaith@gmail.com

Abstract:
Metallo-β-lactamases are different types of biological enzymes that breakdown a broad spectrum of beta-lactam antibiotics such as carbapenems. Antibiotic resistance exhibited by many Gram-negative bacteria is due to acquisition of genes encoding these enzymes, which underscores their importance in antibiotic resistance and has led to an increase in nosocomial infections caused by multi-drug-resistant pathogens. This review analyzes recent updates on the mechanism of antibiotic resistance and epidemiology of metallo-β- lactamases in nosocomial infections. Carbapenem antibiotics are regarded as effective and reserve antibiotics for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria infections. Currently, there is paucity of inhibitors that prevent the activities of metallo beta-lactamase clinically. Carbapenem resistance in bacteria is a global health issue, associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the healthcare setting. There is a need for continuous research on metallo-β-lactamases inhibitors, rational use of carbapenems and appropriate infection control measures in order to curb the increase in infections. This mini-review is aimed to provide a broader scope on the current trends of antimicrobial resistance in metallo-β-lactamase-associated nosocomial infections. This will lead to a better understanding of the public health implication of the unabated spread of these infections, the need for judicious utilization of the limited therapeutic options, resulting to efficient antimicrobial stewardship. Continue reading “Recent update on the mechanism and epidemiology of metallo-β-lactamases in nosocomial infections: A mini review”

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Salmonella Kentucky: prevalence and challenges in Nigeria and the Africa continent

Igomu, E. E.
Bacterial Vaccine Production Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, P. M. B. 01 Vom, Nigeria Correspondence to: elayonigomu@gmail.com; +2348032786224

Abstract:

Salmonella Kentucky is ubiquitous in most African countries and the multidrug resistant (MDR) strains remain underreported across the continent. In Nigeria, poverty, inter country livestock trades, nomadic system of cattle production, indiscriminate use of antibiotics and prevalent immuno-compromising diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and tuberculosis are factors that have enabled ease of transmission and complications of S. Kentucky infections. In the present decade, S. Kentucky is reported to be the most prevalent serovar associated with poultry in Nigeria, but very few reports underline the risk associated with consumption of poultry and acquisition of MDR S. Kentucky strains. The Nigerian poultry is one of the most commercialized subsectors of Nigerian agriculture, therefore, the presence of S. Kentucky especially strains carrying broad spectrum antimicrobial resistance pose a great risk to public health. The lack of proper monitoring, surveillance, isolation and control of the multidrug resistant S. Kentucky will remain a challenge to the export potential of the Nigerian poultry subsector and livestock in general. As a nation, modalities and actions against the smuggling of poultry products, indiscriminate use of antibiotics and nomadic system for the production of dairy and beef that promotes spread of virulent strains of Salmonellae must change. The impact of non-typhoidal salmonellosis in humans in Nigeria also remains under studied and under reported, especially those caused by S. Kentucky ST198. Compounding these concerns is the lack of commercial veterinary or human vaccines against S. Kentucky or where vaccines against the broad serogroup C non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are available, they are rarely supplied, with no evidence they could be cross-protective. This review emphasizes the emergence and widespread occurrence of MDR S. Kentucky strains on the African continent, and discussed risk factors contributing to its spread in Nigeria and the potential public health challenge especially to high-risk immunocompromised individuals.
Keywords: Salmonella Kentucky, ST198 strain, multidrug resistant, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, Nigeria, Africa
Received April 30, 2020; Revised May 8, 2020; Accepted May 10, 2020
Copyright 2020 AJCEM Open Access. This article is licensed and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrition 4.0 International License <a rel=”license” href=”http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/”, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.
Salmonella Kentucky: prévalence et défis au Nigeria et sur le continent africain
Igomu, E. E.
Division de la production de vaccins bactériens, Institut national de recherche vétérinaire, P. M. B. 01 Vom, Nigéria Correspondance à: elayonigomu@gmail.com; +2348032786224 Continue reading “Salmonella Kentucky: prevalence and challenges in Nigeria and the Africa continent”

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Multidrug resistant Salmonellae isolated from blood culture samples of suspected typoid patients in Warri, Nigeria

DA Ehwarieme

 

Abstract

This study investigates the prevalence of R-plasmids in Salmonella sp. isolated from blood samples of suspected typhoid patients in Warri, Nigeria. A total of 136 blood samples were collected between May and December,2009 and screened for the presence of Salmonellae using standard blood culture techniques of which 20(14.7%) was positive for the pathogen. The multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates obtained (n=16; 80.0%), exhibiting the Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Cotrimoxazole and Tetracyclin (ACCoT) resistance profile, were subjected to plasmid curing. All (100%) of these MDR isolates bore their resistance markers on plasmids, as they lost their resistance sequel to the curing experiment. The low prevalence (14.7%) of the pathogen in the blood samples indicate that a good number of the suspected typhoid cases may not be incidences of the disease afterall. Furthermore, the high prevalence of MDR and plasmid-mediated MDR (80.0% and 100% respectively) isolates, suggest that treatment failures may be rampant if precise susceptibility test is not conducted prior to prescription.

Key words: Multidrug resistant, blood culture, typhoid fever.

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Multidrug resistant Salmonellae isolated from blood culture samples of suspected typoid patients in Warri Nigeria