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Profile of multidrug-resistant bacteria in neonatal nosocomial infections at the Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo

*[1],[2]Ontsira Ngoyi, E. N., 1,[3]Mieret, T.,2Moundzele, L., 1,[4]Ngakengy, N.,1Niabia, O. E., and 1,4Ekouya, G.    

1Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo  2Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo           3National Public Health Laboratory, Brazzaville, Congo                               4Neonatology Department, Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo                     *Correspondence to: esther_muller20023@yahoo.fr

Abstract:

Background: Antibiotic resistance represents a major threat in neonatology, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where local data remain limited. The present study aims to establish the profile of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from cases of neonatal nosocomial infections at the Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo.      Continue reading “Profile of multidrug-resistant bacteria in neonatal nosocomial infections at the Brazzaville University Hospital, Congo”

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Recent update on the mechanism and epidemiology of metallo-β-lactamases in nosocomial infections: A mini review

*Eze, I. F 0009-0007-7286-9273., Adeoye-Isijola, M. O 0000-0002-3186-5432., Adefisoye, M. A 0000-0002-4957-4609., and Olajuyigbe, O. O 0000-0002-7889-0416

Department of Microbiology, School of Science and Technology, Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria *Correspondence to: ezeifyfaith@gmail.com

Abstract:
Metallo-β-lactamases are different types of biological enzymes that breakdown a broad spectrum of beta-lactam antibiotics such as carbapenems. Antibiotic resistance exhibited by many Gram-negative bacteria is due to acquisition of genes encoding these enzymes, which underscores their importance in antibiotic resistance and has led to an increase in nosocomial infections caused by multi-drug-resistant pathogens. This review analyzes recent updates on the mechanism of antibiotic resistance and epidemiology of metallo-β- lactamases in nosocomial infections. Carbapenem antibiotics are regarded as effective and reserve antibiotics for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria infections. Currently, there is paucity of inhibitors that prevent the activities of metallo beta-lactamase clinically. Carbapenem resistance in bacteria is a global health issue, associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the healthcare setting. There is a need for continuous research on metallo-β-lactamases inhibitors, rational use of carbapenems and appropriate infection control measures in order to curb the increase in infections. This mini-review is aimed to provide a broader scope on the current trends of antimicrobial resistance in metallo-β-lactamase-associated nosocomial infections. This will lead to a better understanding of the public health implication of the unabated spread of these infections, the need for judicious utilization of the limited therapeutic options, resulting to efficient antimicrobial stewardship. Continue reading “Recent update on the mechanism and epidemiology of metallo-β-lactamases in nosocomial infections: A mini review”

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Knowledge, attitude and practice of infection prevention and control among healthcare workers: one year after an outbreak of nosocomial Lassa fever in a tertiary hospital in southeast Nigeria

*1,2Adeke, A. S., 3Onoh, R. C., 1,2Umeokonkwo, C. D., 1Azuogu, B. N., and 4Ogah, E. O.

1Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
2Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, Nigeria
3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
4Department of Pediatrics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
*Correspondence to: azukaadeke@gmail.com; +2348035285133

Abstract:
Background: With the rise in cases of Lassa fever in recent times in West Africa, the healthcare setting continues to pose significant risk especially among healthcare workers (HCWs) for diseases like Lassa fever that are transmitted via contact with blood and other body fluids. We therefore assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of infection prevention and control (IPC) one year after an outbreak of nosocomial transmission of Lassa fever in the study hospital. Continue reading “Knowledge, attitude and practice of infection prevention and control among healthcare workers: one year after an outbreak of nosocomial Lassa fever in a tertiary hospital in southeast Nigeria”

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Antimicrobial resistance pattern of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli on carbapenems

E.K. Oladipo, O.A. Ajibade, I.J. Adeosun, E.H. Awoyelu, S.B. Akinade, O.A. Alabi, O.A. Ayilara

 

Abstract

Background: Carbapenems are the most effective and important  therapeutic options to serious infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. However, Carbepenems resistant  isolates of  Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeroginosa are increasing worldwide. This study, therefore, was carried out to determine the resistance pattern of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli to Carbapenems.

Methods: Fifty (50) E. coli and forty seven (47) Pseudomonas aeruginosa  isolates were studied. Antibiotic  Susceptibility test was performed as recommended by the CLSI. The antibiotics used were Ertapenem,  Imipenem, Colistin Sulphate, Levofloxacin, and Piperacillin/Tazobactam.

Results: Out of 97 clinical isolates subjected to drug susceptibilities test,  Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed resistance to Ertapenem (87.2%); followed by Levofloxacin (19.1%), Colistin sulphate (12.8%),  Piperacillin/tazobactan (4.3%) and Imipenem (2.1%) while E.coli displayed resistance to Ertapenem (30%), Levofloxacin (20%) and Colistin sulphate
(4%). Interestingly, E coli was susceptible to Imipenem (0%) and   Piperacillin/tazobactan (0%). A significant effect of Ertapenem on  Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recorded. Also a significant effect of  Piperacillin/Tazobactam was recorded on E coli. No significant effect was recorded among the other antibiotics on P aeruginosa or E coli.

Conclusion: There is a high level of Carbapenems resistance among the clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to Escherichia coli in this study. Considering the therapeutic value of Carbapenems as one of the last options for the treatment of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, rational Carbapenems usage is essential to reduce selective pressure over Enterobacteriaceae andPseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.

Keywords: Carbapenems, Antibiotics, Nosocomial, Susceptibility

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Antimicrobial resistance pattern of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli on carbapenems