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Prevalence of symptomatic significant bacteriuria and associated risk factors among patients attending major hospitals in Calabar, Nigeria

*[1]Bassey, E. E., 1Mbah, M., 1Akpan, S. S., [2]Ikpi, E. E., and 1Alaribe, A. A. A.

1Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

2Department of Urology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: emmanueleffiong2046@gmail.com; ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2029-5611

 

Abstract:

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most encountered bacterial infections of humans and affect both male and female of all age groups, resulting in high mortality, without proper management. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, aetiological agents, and factors associated with symptomatic significant bacteriuria/UTI among patients attending selected hospitals in Calabar metropolis, Nigeria.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study of 240 patients with suspected UTI, from whom mid-stream voided urine samples were collected for culture on Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar. Uropathogens growth on the culture media were characterized using conventional microbiological and biochemical tests, and confirmed with API® 20E and 20NE (BioMérieux) identification system. Data on socio-demographic, clinical symptoms and potential risk factors were obtained using structured questionnaire. Pearson Chi-square was employed to determine association between categorical variables with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Continue reading “Prevalence of symptomatic significant bacteriuria and associated risk factors among patients attending major hospitals in Calabar, Nigeria”

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Faecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) in children under five years of age at a tertiary hospital in southwest Nigeria

[1]Abayomi, S. A., 2Oladibu, O. T., 3Lawani, O. A., 4Owolabi, K. I., 2Alabi, A. O.,        and *2Onigbinde, M. O.

1Cancer Research UK, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom

2Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

3Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria

42102 Cole Street, Dudley, West Midlands, United Kingdom                                         

*Correspondence to: moonigbinde@lautech.edu.ng

Abstract:  

Background:  The main reservoir of Enterobacterales is the human gut, which has been reported as a source of hospital acquired infection. Enterobacterales carrying the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes have emerged over the years as significant multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens, that have hindered effective therapy of infections caused by them, and limited treatment to a small number of drugs such as carbapenems, leading to selection pressure and emergent resistance to carbapenems. The objective of this study was to determine the faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESPL-PE) among children under 5 years of age at the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.    Continue reading “Faecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) in children under five years of age at a tertiary hospital in southwest Nigeria”

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Evaluation of serum concentration of essential trace elements during therapy among tuberculosis patients in Uyo, Nigeria

*[1]Umo, A. N., [2]Umoh, S. G., 2Jimmy, N. F., and 2Adie, S. A.

1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Nigeria

2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Uyo, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: anthonyumo@uniuyo.edu.ng

Abstract:

Background: Nutritional status is one of the most important determinants of immune response to infection. The objective of this study was to assess the serum concentrations of selected trace elements in selected patients on anti-tuberculosis (TB) therapy in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria Continue reading “Evaluation of serum concentration of essential trace elements during therapy among tuberculosis patients in Uyo, Nigeria”

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Pattern of inappropriate antibiotic use among patients in the medical wards of a tertiary hospital in southwest Nigeria

*1Otaigbe, I. I., 2Oshun, P. O., and 2Oduyebo, O. O.

1Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Clinical Sciences, Benjamin Carson (Snr)

College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University/Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: otaigbei@babcock.edu.ng; +2348024406763; ORCID: 0000-0003-3140-1205

 Abstract:

 Background: The inappropriate use of antibiotics results in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance and adverse clinical and economic outcomes in hospital in-patients. A lack of institutional and national antibiotic guidelines promotes inappropriate antibiotic use. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing, and the quality of antibiotic use in medical wards of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. Continue reading “Pattern of inappropriate antibiotic use among patients in the medical wards of a tertiary hospital in southwest Nigeria”

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Discordant rate between empirical antibiotics administered and antimicrobial susceptibility in infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria

*1Igunma, J. A., and 1,2Lofor, P. V. O.

1Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

2Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Benin/University of Benin Teaching Hospital,

Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: docigunma@gmail.com; +2348032690163

Abstract:  

Background Early initiation of appropriate antibiotics is key to the effective management of severe bacterial infections.  The initiation of targeted antibiotic therapy is possible only when the causative organism is isolated.  As a result, antibiotics are usually administered on an empirical basis guided by the clinical presentation, local antibiotic guidelines and other relevant histories. Generally, empirical antibiotics differ for both community- and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), as a result of which common HAI pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa should be deliberately targeted, because most routine antibiotics are ineffective against them.     Continue reading “Discordant rate between empirical antibiotics administered and antimicrobial susceptibility in infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria”

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Antimicrobial activity of selected nutraceutical plants used in Northern Uganda

*1Ikinyom, N., 2Lamwaka, A. V., 3Malagala, A. T., and 4Ndyomugyenyi, E. K.

1Department of Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda

2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda

3Institute of Peace and Strategic Studies, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda

4Department of Animal Production and Range Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda

*Correspondence to: ikinyom@yahoo.co.uk & ikinyomiriam@gmail.com. Tel: +256 0772-389056

Abstract:
Background: Nutraceutical plants (NP) play a vital role as supportive treatment with antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). However, there is limited scientific evidence on the efficacy of NP to justify their extensive use. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of three nutraceutical plants which are commonly used as antimicrobials. Continue reading “Antimicrobial activity of selected nutraceutical plants used in Northern Uganda”

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Antagonistic activity of secondary metabolites from rhizofunctional bacteria extracts against Fusarium species

Antwi, E. O.
Accra Technical University, P. O. Box 571, Accra, Ghana Correspondence to: eoantwi@atu.edu.gh

Abstract:

Background: Fusarium species remain important fugal pathogens that produce several mycotoxins with adverse effects on both plant and animals. This work aimed to identify biocontrol agent from rhizofunctional bacteria and assess its antagonistic activity against Fusarium sp. using dual culture technique. Methodology: Briefly a circular disc of the Fusarium sp. was inoculated at the center of Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) plate and incubated for three days. The bacterial isolates were then inoculated about 2cm from the Fusarium hyphal tips and incubated for three days, and zone of inhibition was examined. Isolates that showed antagonistic activities against the fungi were subculture in nutrient broth for three days and the metabolites were extracted using ethyl acetate. The metabolic extracts were tested against the fungi using the agar disc diffusion method. Results: Of the 20 rhizofunctional bacterial isolates screened for antagonistic activities against Fusarium sp., 5 showed active antagonism against the fungi with observed clear zone of inhibition in the dual culture, and microscopic examination of the fungal hyphae showed excessive and diffused hyphal branching with hyphal swelling. Ethyl acetate extracts from nutrient broth cultures did not show any zone of inhibition in dual culture against the Fusarium sp. All the 5 bacterial isolates were Gram positive strains but only 2 isolates (2a and 3K) were lipase positive, which may indicate that the mechanisms of antagonism could be due to the production of enzymes that have the ability to hydrolyze the cell wall and membrane lipids of the fungi. Conclusion: The rhizoplane and rhizosphere of plants could be great sources of biocontrol agents and that bacterial isolates 2a and 3K have the potential to be used as antifungal agents against Fusarium sp. Molecular identification of 2a and 3K bacterial isolates to the species level is recommended.

Keywords: antagonistic; secondary metabolites; rhizofunctional; bacteria; Fusarium
Received Oct 6, 2022; Revised Dec 15, 2022; Accepted Oct 19, 2023

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Antagonistic activity of secondary metabolites from rhizofunctional bacteria extracts against Fusarium species

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The CLIMIDSON Manual for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes in Nigerian Health Care Facilities

*1Iregbu, K. C., 2Oduyebo, O. O., 3Taiwo, S. S., 1Nwajiobi-Princewill, P. I., 2Oshun, P. O., 4Nwafia, I. N., 5Elikwu, C. J., 6Manga, M. M., 7Oboro, I. L., and 8Kudayah, I. O.

1Department of Medical Microbiology, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria

2Department of Medical Microbiology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria

3Department of Medical Microbiology, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

4Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria

5Department of Medical Microbiology, Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria

6Department of Medical Microbiology, Gombe State University Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria

7Department of Medical Microbiology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

8Lifeline Children Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: keniregbu@yahoo.co.uk

Executive Summary:

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) remains a cornerstone of efforts aimed at improving antimicrobial-related patient safety. It slows the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), while helping clinicians to improve clinical outcomes and minimise harm by improving antimicrobial prescribing. AMS programmes (ASPs) are driven through various processes and people. An AMS structure comprises the core elements that should be in place to support the ASP including the AMS team, treatment guidelines, and surveillance of AMR and antimicrobial use (AMU). Continue reading “The CLIMIDSON Manual for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes in Nigerian Health Care Facilities”

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Genital mycoplasmas and gynaecologic cancer: A systematic review

*1Ezeanya-Bakpa, C. C., 2Agbakoba, N. R., 2Udeogu, C. V., 2Uduchi, I. O., 3Oguejiofor, C. B., and 2Ekelozie, I. S.

 

1Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Caleb University, Lagos, Nigeria

2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: cc.ezeanya@gmail.com; chinyere.bakpa@calebuniversity.edu.ng; +234 8068917612;     ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000–0002–7844–7414  Abstract:  

Studies on genital mycoplasmas (GM) role in gynaecologic cancers (GC) such as cervical, endometrial, ovarian, vaginal, vulva and fallopian tube, is limited. This review was conducted to evaluate an association between GM and GC. The systematic study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines across online databases including Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to August, 2022. Continue reading “Genital mycoplasmas and gynaecologic cancer: A systematic review”

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Microbial menace to kidney health: A review of the role of infections in acute kidney injury

Medugu, N., and *Adegboro, B.

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: boazadegboro@gmail.com; boaz.adegboro@nileuniversity.edu.ng; +234 80 33812348

Abstract:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) of infectious aetiology is a complex condition that requires a comprehensive microbiological evaluation. This includes sepsis workup, evaluation of urinary tract infection (UTI), assessment for viral, fungal, and bacterial infections, consideration of the patient’s microbiome, and vigilance towards antibiotic toxicity. Advanced molecular diagnostic tools such as metagenomic sequencing and rapid point-of-caretesting, may offer future advances in accurate and timely identification of infectious aetiologies in AKI. Continue reading “Microbial menace to kidney health: A review of the role of infections in acute kidney injury”