*1,[1]Eliya, T. T., 1,2Ajide, B. A., 1Bassey, E., 1,2Ishaku, P., 1,5Adeyanju, B. D., 1Jonathan, K, and 1,[2],[3]John, B.
1Zankli Research Centre, Bingham University Karu, Km 26 Abuja-Keffi Expressway, Karu, Nigeria
2Biological Sciences Department, Bingham University Karu, Km 26 Abuja-Keffi Expressway, Karu, Nigeria
3Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
4Community Medicine, Bingham University Karu, Km 26 Abuja-Keffi Expressway, Karu, Nigeria
[4]Institute of Human Virology, Plot 62 Emeritus Zone, Abuja, Nigeria
*Correspondence to: iliya.taryuta@binghamuni.edu.ng; +2347034229746
Abstract:
Background: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a great threat to the TB control programs worldwide. Early detection of rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is essential for effective treatment and control of MDR-TB. This study evaluated the performance of GenoType MTBDRplus Line Probe Assay (LPA) with the solid culture method for early diagnosis of MDR-TB.
Methodology: We enrolled a total of 112 consented and GeneXpert-confirmed MDR-TB participants from different health facilities in the States of northcentral Nigeria between January and December 2024 into the study. Sputum samples collected from the participants were transported using the triple sample packaging system in a cold chain to Zankli TB Reference Laboratory, Bingham University, Karu, and analysed by AFB microscopy, LPA, solid culture and drug susceptibility test (DST) methods. The diagnostic accuracy of LPA and solid culture for detection of MDR-TB was compared, with the DST as the ‘gold standard’.
Results: Of the sputum samples from the 112 patients, 95.5% were positive for MTB on solid culture, 1.7% were negative, 1.7% were contaminated, and 1.1% were non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). For LPA, 96.4% of the 112 patient samples were positive, 3.6% were negative, and 1.1% were NTM. The sensitivity for detection of mono-resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid, and resistance to both drugs (MDR) by LPA compared to the ‘gold standard DST was respectively 95.7%, 72.9%, and 97.1%, while the specificity was respectively 88.4%, 88.7%, and 100.0%. The most frequently occurring mutation detected by LPA among the MDR strains was rpoB MUT2 and katG MUT2.
Conclusion: The LPA test was highly sensitive and specific for the detection of mono-resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid, and multi-drug resistance in sputum samples of TB patients. This makes it a valuable tool for early diagnosis of MDR-TB.
Keywords: MDR-TB, GenoType MTBDRplus, Drug Susceptibility Test, Line Probe Assay, Solid culture
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