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Sexual and reproductive health practices among fresh female graduates in Iseyin, Oyo State, Nigeria

*¹Omobowale, O. C., ²Adebayo, A. M., and ³Omokhodion, F. O.

 [1]Rehabilitative and Social Medicine Unit, Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan

[2]Reproductive and Family Health Unit, Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan⁠

[3]Occupational⁠ Health Unit, Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan

*Correspondence to: ocomobowale@com.ui.edu.ng; Tel: +2348023416855

 

Abstract:

Background: Fresh graduates of tertiary institutions are at a stage in their lives characterized by searching, discovery, and sexual experimentation. They engage in high-risk sexual behaviours and poor reproductive health practices. The objective of this study is to assess the sexual and reproductive health practices of young female graduates and to highlight the factors associated with these practices. Continue reading “Sexual and reproductive health practices among fresh female graduates in Iseyin, Oyo State, Nigeria”

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Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with neonatal sepsis in the special care baby unit of a secondary healthcare facility in Katsina State, Nigeria

 

*1Bindawa, H. A., 2,3Abdulkadir, B., 2Rumah, H. M., and 4Samaila, A.

1College of Health Sciences and Technology, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria    2Department of Microbiology, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria

3Medical Laboratory Science, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria

4Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences,

Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria                            *Correspondence to: hafsatbindawa96@gmail.com

 

Abstract:

 

Background: Neonatal sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, with

Staphylococcus aureus being one of the leading causative organisms. The rising occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains poses significant therapeutic challenges. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of S. aureus isolated from neonatal sepsis cases in the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of a secondary healthcare facility in Katsina State, Nigeria. Continue reading “Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with neonatal sepsis in the special care baby unit of a secondary healthcare facility in Katsina State, Nigeria”

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Dual vanA/vanB gene-carrying vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An emerging threat from northeast Nigeria

*1Hamza, J. A., 2Garba, L., 2Yarma, A. A., 2Ibrahim, H. I., and 1Adamu, H.
1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria 2Department of Microbiology, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria *Correspondence to: jabirgsu@gsu.edu.ng, Te: +2347039306208

Abstract:
Background: Vancomycin is an antibiotic of last resort for the treatment of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The emergence of vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) is a major threat to global healthcare with devastating implications. In Nigeria, data on VRSA is scarce while the molecular characterization of the organism from Northeast region is nearly absent. This current is aim to detect vancomycin resistance among MRSA isolates from Gombe State, Nigeria, and identify the genetic determinants involved. Continue reading “Dual vanA/vanB gene-carrying vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An emerging threat from northeast Nigeria”

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Molecular detection is not diagnosis: A caution for antifungal stewardship as PCR testing expands in African clinical microbiology laboratories

*1,2Okeke, P. C. U., 1,2Nwafia, I. N., and 1,2Emeribe, S. C. ¹Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria ²Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria *Correspondence to: princess.okeke@unn.edu.ng; Tel: +2348037117982; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2522-2416

Download this Article in PDF format below

Page_649-650_AJCEM_2569_article_Okeke

 

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Malaria: A narrative review of historical efforts in prevention and control

*[1],[2]Ayeni, A. E., [3]Azuh, V. O., 1Oluwatoba, O. A., and 1,4Fayemiwo, S. A.

1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

2Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

3Biorepository and Clinical Virology Laboratory, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

4Clinical Microbiology Unit, Infectious Disease Institute (IDI), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: ayenieugene@gmail.com

Abstract:

Malaria is an ancient disease that continues to exert a significant toll on the health of many populations worldwide. Since historic times, when its seasonality, recurrent fever and chills, were documented, various methods for its control have been implemented based on then-extant scientific knowledge, technological advancement and the understanding of its pathogenesis and epidemiology. As knowledge of the disease increased, approaches for its control were modified or improved to reduce disease burden and eliminate the disease. Today, our current knowledge of malaria has afforded newer approaches for prevention and control, including newer drugs and procedures to monitor emerging threats and hence more effective control mechanisms. In this narrative review, we consider a brief history of malaria, with insights into malaria pathogenesis and an evolution of prevention and control measures into the present day. Continue reading “Malaria: A narrative review of historical efforts in prevention and control”

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Burden and predictors of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Burkina Faso

[1]Sawadogo, T. L., *1Yooda, A. P., 2Kambiré, D., 3Simporé, A., 4Nagalo, Y. A., 5Diarra, A., 2Zoure, A., A., 1Diallo, A., 1Paré, S. J. E., 1Combary, A., 1Saouadogo, T., 6Sanou, G.,     7Sanou, A. M., 6Bonkoungou, I. J. O., and 2Diabouga, P. S.

1Programme National de Lutte contre la Tuberculose, Ministère de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

2Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), LR-Maladies Infectieuses et Parasitaires (LR-MIP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

3Agence Nationale Pour la Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Environnement, de l’Alimentation, du Travail et des Produits de

Santé (ANSSEAT), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

4Université Lédéa Bernard Ouédraogo, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso

5Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS)

6Université Joseph KI ZERBO/ Unité de Génomique des pathogènes One-Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

7Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), LR-Maladies Infectieuses et Parasitaires (LR-MIP), BOBO Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

*Correspondence to: paulyooda@gmail.com

Abstract:  

Background: In Burkina Faso, the emergence of resistance within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) represents a growing public health challenge, threatening the progress made toward tuberculosis (TB) control. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of rifampicin- and isoniazid-resistant TB and to identify factors associated with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) among patients managed at the National Tuberculosis Control Center (CNLAT). Continue reading “Burden and predictors of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Burkina Faso”

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Bridging diagnostic gaps of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with clinical diagnosis in a low-and middle-income state, southwest Nigeria: A secondary data analysis

*[1]Irek, E. O., [2]Isinkaye, A. O., and [3]Orojo, J. A.

1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Afe Babalola University/Afe Babalola University Multi-System Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

2Department of Community Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido, Ekiti, Nigeria

3Tuberculosis Leprosy and Buruli Control Programme, Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: dj1irek@yahoo.com; +2348136833485; ORCID: 0000-0001-6363-6645

 

Abstract:

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a significant challenge to global TB control efforts, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where diagnostic resources are limited, thereby widening treatment gap. This has increased morbidity and mortality due to TB in Sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to evaluate the role of clinical diagnosis in identifying DR-TB in pulmonary TB cases missed by the sputum GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Continue reading “Bridging diagnostic gaps of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with clinical diagnosis in a low-and middle-income state, southwest Nigeria: A secondary data analysis”

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Impact of sputum transit time on TB isolation and culture contamination rate

*1,2Eliya, T. T., 1,2Ajide, B. A., 1Ugwu, C., 1Emmana, B., 1Ishaku, P., 1James, E., and 1,[1]John, B.

1Zankli Research Centre, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2Biological Sciences Department, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

3Community Medicine and Primary Health Care Department, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria                   *Correspondence to: iliya.taryuta@binghamuni.edu.ng; Tel: +2347034229746

 

Abstract:

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) culture is the ‘gold standard’ test for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and enables comprehensive drug susceptibility testing. However, culture contamination remains a challenge in TB culture, resulting in significant loss of time and resources, and potentially leading to poor treatment outcomes due to incorrect clinical decision-making. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of sputum transit time on contamination rate and the yield of M. tuberculosis. Continue reading “Impact of sputum transit time on TB isolation and culture contamination rate”

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Efflux and mecA/mecC-mediated-resistance in multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from selected Ghanaian primary and tertiary hospitals

1Zumbi, C. N., 2Odoi, H., *1Boamah, V. E., 1Boakye, Y. D., and 1Agyare, C.

1Pharmaceutical Microbiology Section, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

2Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana

*Correspondence to: etsiapa@yahoo.com; veboamah.pharm@knust.edu.gh;

 

Abstract:

 Background: Globally, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality amongst patients; however, reports on MRSA infections in Ghana are mostly from tertiary healthcare facilities. This study determined the prevalence of methicillin and multiple efflux resistance mechanisms in S. aureus isolates from five selected primary and tertiary healthcare facilities in Ghana. Continue reading “Efflux and mecA/mecC-mediated-resistance in multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from selected Ghanaian primary and tertiary hospitals”

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Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from apparently healthy school pupils and students in Enugu and Ebonyi States, Nigeria

*1Ukpai, E. G., and 2Onah, E. S.

 1Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

1International Institute of Infectious Diseases, Biosafety and Biosecurity Research, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2Department of Ophthalmology, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2Institute for Eye Health and Visual Science Research (IEHVSR), David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria *Correspondence to: ukpaieg@dufuhs.edu.ng

 

Abstract:  

 Background: Infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a big health challenge around the world because it is associated with increase morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of MRSA isolated from apparently healthy school pupils and students in Enugu and Ebonyi States, Nigeria. Continue reading “Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from apparently healthy school pupils and students in Enugu and Ebonyi States, Nigeria”