1Abdullahi, A. J., 2Babaita, K. A., *2Ogunniyi, T. J., 3Oyedepo, D. S., and 1Akanbi II, A. A.
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
3Department of Nephrology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
*Correspondence to: josephtolulopeogunniyi@gmail.com
Abstract:
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a global public health problem. CKD patients are prone to comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, urinary tract infection (UTI), hypertension, immunesuppression, anaemia, malnutrition, inflammation, and vitamin deficiencies. However, UTI is known to be the most significant cause of morbidity and mortality in CKD patients. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the spectrum of uropathogenic bacteria in patients with CKD at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin, and determine their susceptibility to selected antibiotics.
Methodology: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional design conducted among 157 patients with CKD recruited from the renal clinic of UITH between January and June, 2024. Clean-catch voided midstream urine samples were collected for culture on CLED and blood agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Microbial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility were performed on the pure colonies of isolated bacteria using the VITEK 2 Compact system. The data were analyzed for descriptive statistics.
Results: This study reported 22.9% (n=36) prevalence of bacterial uropathogens, with Escherichia coli (22.2%, n=8) being the most frequently isolated pathogen among the CKD patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the Gramnegative isolates showed high sensitivity to imipenem (85.7%, n=24), ceftazidime (64.3%, n=18), ceftriaxone (63.0%, n=17), piperacillin-tazobactam (57.1%, n=16), and nitrofurantoin (55.6%, n=15), but high resistance to gentamicin (53.6%, n=15), augmentin (51.9%, n=14), and ciprofloxacin (50.0%, n=14). Antimicrobial susceptibility of the Gram-positive isolates showed 100% sensitivity to linezolid and vancomycin, but high resistance to cefoxitin (60.0%, n=3) and clindamycin (42.9%, n=3).
Conclusion: This study showed a relatively high prevalence of UTI among CKD patients, and the implicated uropathogens show high susceptibility to the common antibiotics that are clinically accessible.
Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, Urinary Tract Infection, Uropathogens, Antimicrobials
Download this Article in PDF format below